Multi-Temporal NDVI Analysis for Monitoring Land Cover Changes in Forest Areas in Jember Regency Using Sentinel-2 Imagery
Abstract
Land cover change is an indicator of environmental dynamics that can be influenced by land use activities and regional development. This study aims to analyze land cover changes using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index method based on Sentinel-2 imagery in 2020 and 2024 in Jember Regency and identify changes in the vegetation index in forest areas. The study was conducted using the Google Earth Engine and QGIS platforms through image processing stages such as image filtering, cloud masking, clipping the study area, NDVI calculations, and vegetation level classification. The results show that vegetation cover in Jember Regency is dominated by medium vegetation classes in 2020 and 2024. During the observation period, there was an increase in the area of low vegetation, very low vegetation, and medium vegetation classes, while the high vegetation class experienced a significant decrease from 536.80 km² to 289.09 km². Analysis of forest areas shows a decrease in high vegetation from 337.19 km² in 2020 to 230.53 km² in 2024, followed by an increase in medium vegetation. The results of the study show that the NDVI method based on Sentinel-2 imagery can be used to monitor changes in land cover and vegetation dynamics spatially and temporally in Jember Regency.
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