Estimation of Soil Erosion for Soil and Water Conservation in Kulon Progo
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate soil erosion as a basis for soil and water conservation planning in Kulon Progo Regency using a Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. The research was motivated by increasing land use pressure, high rainfall intensity, and complex topography that contribute to land degradation. Soil erosion was modeled using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) integrated with spatial data on rainfall, soil type, topography, land use, and conservation practices. The results showed that the average soil loss estimated by USLE was 47.06 ton/ha/year, while MUSLE produced 49.89 ton/ha/year. Areas with very severe erosion were mainly concentrated in the Menoreh Hills region. MUSLE generated slightly higher erosion estimates than USLE, with a ratio of 1:1.06. Based on the analysis, USLE was considered more appropriate for conservation planning due to its closer approximation to soil formation tolerance. This study highlights the importance of GIS-based erosion modeling in supporting sustainable soil and water conservation prioritization.
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Wischmeier, W. H., & Smith, D. D. (1978). Predicting rainfall erosion losses: A guide to conservation planning (USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 37). U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Asdak, C. (2020). Hidrologi: Dan pengelolaan daerah aliran sungai (Edisi ke-1). Gadjah Mada University Press.
Asril, M., Nirwanto, Y., Purba, T., Mpia, L., Rohman, H. F., Siahaan, A. S., Sitorus, E., Junairiah, Sa’adah, T. T., Triastuti, Sudarmi, N., Mahyati, & Mazlina. (2022). Ilmu tanah. Yayasan Kita Menulis.
Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika. (2022). Informasi iklim dan karakteristik hujan di wilayah Indonesia. BMKG. https://www.bmkg.go.id
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Kabupaten Kulon Progo dalam angka 2024. https://kulonprogokab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/02/28/7a85f967bff5363dd4631b61/kabupaten-kulon-progo-dalam-angka-2024.html
Borrelli, P., Robinson, D. A., Fleischer, L. R., Lugato, E., Ballabio, C., Alewell, C., Meusburger, K., Modugno, S., Schütt, B., Ferro, V., Bagarello, V., Oost, K. Van, Montanarella, L., & Panagos, P. (2023). An assessment of the global impact of 21st century land use change on soil erosion. Nature Communications, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02142-7
Dharmawan, I. W. S., Siregar, C. A., Narendra, B. H., Kadek, N., & Undaharta, E. (2023). Implementation of soil and water conservation in Indonesia and its impacts on biodiversity, hydrology, soil erosion and microclimate. Applied Sciences, 13, 7648. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137648
Kinnell, P. I. A. (2010). Event soil loss, runoff and the Universal Soil Loss Equation family of models: A review. Journal of Hydrology, 385(1–4), 384–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.01.024
Naharuddin, N. (2020). Konservasi tanah dan air. Penerbit Media Sains Indonesia.
Nifen, S. Y., Kironoto, B. A., & Luknanto, D. (2016). Kajian erosi dengan metode MUSLE daerah tangkapan hujan Waduk Sermo Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Teknik Sipil ITP, 3(2), 48–59.
Panagos, P., Borrelli, P., Meusburger, K., Alewell, C., Lugato, E., & Montanarella, L. (2015). Estimating the soil erosion cover-management factor at the European scale. Land Use Policy, 48, 38–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.05.021
Prabowo, R., Bambang, A. N., & Sudarno. (2020). Pertumbuhan penduduk dan alih fungsi lahan pertanian. Mediagro, 16(2), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.31942/mediagro.v16i2.3755
Purwosari, D. I. D., Girimulyo, K., Progo, K., & Yogyakarta, D. I. (2022). Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan tanaman teh (Camellia sinensis). Jurnal Tanah dan Air (Soil and Water Journal), 19(Juni), 40–47. http://jurnal.upnyk.ac.id/index.php/jta/index
Rafif, M. A., & Widiarti, W. Y. (2024). Effects of land use change on soil erosion and land critical level using GIS in the Mayang Watershed. Geosfera Indonesia, 9(2), 122–143. https://doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v9i2.39670
Setiawan, W., Habibi, A., Setiawan, A. R., Silvia, N., & Wahyudi, A. (2025). Analisis proyeksi penggunaan lahan sawah untuk kebutuhan dan ketersediaan beras di Kabupaten Jember tahun 2032. Tunas Agraria, 8(May), 219–235. https://doi.org/10.31292/jta.v8i2.440
Sukri, I., Harini, R., & Sudrajat. (2021). Analisis perubahan penggunaan lahan di Kabupaten Kulon Progo menggunakan citra Landsat 7 tahun 2011 dan Landsat 8 tahun 2019, 255–263.
Usman, M. Z., Lihawa, F., & Baderan, D. W. K. (2025). Implikasi pertumbuhan penduduk dan alih fungsi lahan sawah terhadap ketahanan pangan di Provinsi Gorontalo. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 3(1), 214–225. https://doi.org/10.62383/wissen.v3i1.538
Utami, W., Sugiyanto, C., & Rahardjo, N. (2024). Analysis of land use dynamics in Kulon Progo Regency. Proceedings of SPIE, 12977, 1297709. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3009235
Wischmeier, W. H., & Smith, D. D. (1978). Predicting rainfall erosion losses: A guide to conservation planning (USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 37). U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Published
2026-06-20
How to Cite
MUNA, Mukhes Sri; NGADISIH, Ngadisih.
Estimation of Soil Erosion for Soil and Water Conservation in Kulon Progo.
Journal of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering Research, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 1, p. 93-102, june 2026.
ISSN 2776-821X.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jaber/article/view/19629>. Date accessed: 24 oct. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jaber.2026.7.1.19629.
Section
Articles
