Quality of life of hemodialysis patients with anemia in Lombok, Indonesia

  • Candra Eka Puspitasari Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Mataram, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0374-1966
  • Melda Putri Zakiah Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Mataram, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
  • Ni Luh Ayu Sri Widyasari Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Mataram, Mataram 83125, Wes Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
  • Ithnan Baqi Putra Erlangga Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Mataram, Mataram 83125, Wes Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
  • Kerthika Ayu Wandeni Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Mataram, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
  • Dinatul Aini Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Mataram, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
  • Sulthon Annaji Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Mataram, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
  • Widya Wulandari Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Mataram, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
  • Mahacita Andalusia Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Mataram, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8222-8118
  • Yoga Dwi Saputra Department of Pharmacist Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Mataram, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0009-0007-6300-944X
  • Ni Made Amelia Ratnata Dewi Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Mataram, Mataram 83125, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1168-9395
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.api.2025.13.1.15611

Abstract

Background: Anemia is a common complication of hemodialysis and is associated with substantial impairment of quality of life.


Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between anemia biomarkers (hemoglobin and hematocrit) and health-related quality of life among patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis.


Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at three hospitals on Lombok Island, Indonesia, involving 186 hemodialysis patients selected by purposive sampling. Quality of life was measured using the Indonesian-language KDQoL-SF36 questionnaire. Associations between hemoglobin, hematocrit, and quality-of-life scores were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression (IBM SPSS version 29; p<0.05 considered significant).


Results: The mean KDQoL-SF36 score was 63.60 ± 9.37. Age was significantly associated with quality of life (p = 0.024). Both hemoglobin and hematocrit showed significant positive correlations with quality of life (p<0.001), remaining significant predictors after multivariable adjustment.


Conclusion: Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are significant determinants of quality of life among hemodialysis patients. Optimizing anemia management, supported by active pharmacist involvement, may improve patient-reported outcomes in this population.

References

1. Kovesdy CP. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney Int Suppl. 2022;12(1):7-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kisu.2021.11.003


2. World Health Organization. Mortality and global health estimates [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019 [cited 2026 April 1]. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates


3. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2019.

4. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat RISKESDAS 2018. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2019.

5. Okyere P, Okyere I, Essuman G, Attakora J, Serwaa D, Donkoh IE, et al. Conservative therapy is associated with worse clinical features and biochemical derangements than renal replacement therapy: a retrospective study in Kumasi, Ghana. BMC Nephrol. 2022;23(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-022-02951-z


6. Qarni B, Osman MA, Levin A, Feehally J, Harris D, Jindal K, et al. Kidney care in low- and middle-income countries. Clin Nephrol. 2020;93(1):21-30. https://doi.org/10.5414/CNP92S104


7. Bello AK, Alrukhaimi M, Ashuntantang GE, Basnet S, Rotter RC, Douthat WG, et al. Complications of chronic kidney disease: current state, knowledge gaps, and strategy for action. Kidney Int Suppl. 2017;7(2):122-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kisu.2017.07.007


8. Cases A, Egocheaga MI, Tranche S, Pallarés V, Ojeda R, Górriz JL, et al. Anemia of chronic kidney disease: protocol of study, management and referral to nephrology. Nefrologia (Engl Ed). 2018;38(1):8-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nefroe.2018.01.007


9. Maharianingsih NM, Dewi NKS. Evaluasi penggunaan obat anemia pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik dengan hemodialisa di RSU Ari Canti pada tahun 2020. MEDFARM J Farm Dan Kesehat. 2021;10(2):1-12. https://doi.org/10.48191/medfarm.v10i2.58


10. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Anemia Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for anemia in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012;2(4):279-335. https://doi.org/10.1038/kisup.2012.41


11. Mohtar NJ, Sugeng CEC, Umboh ORH. Penatalaksanaan anemia pada penyakit ginjal kronik. e-CliniC. 2022;11(1):51-58. https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v11i1.44313


12. Puspitasari CE, Andayani TM, Irijanto F. Penilaian kualitas hidup pasien hemodialisis rutin dengan anemia di Yogyakarta. J Manaj Dan Pelayanan Farm. 2019;9(3):182-191. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmpf.43187


13. Rahimi S, Lakeh B. Is there any relationship between quality of life and hematocrit and hemoglobin levels of hemodialysis patients? A multi-center study. Caspian J Health Aging. 2016;1(1):7-14.

14. Zuliani P, Amita D. Hubungan anemia dengan kualitas hidup pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis. J Keperawatan Muhammadiyah Bengkulu. 2020;8(2):107-116. https://doi.org/10.36085/jkmu.v8i2.1052


15. Aljawadi MH, Babaeer AA, Alghamdi AS, Alhammad AM, Almuqbil MS, Alonazi KF. Quality of life tools among patients on dialysis: a systematic review. Saudi Pharm J. 2024;32(3):101958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101958


16. Uzzuhdi ND. Association between hemoglobin levels and quality of life in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Curr Intern Med Res Pract Surabaya J. 2023;4(2):64-67. https://doi.org/10.20473/cimrj.v4i2.49190


17. Supriyadi, Susanto H, Ediati A. Kadar hemoglobin berhubungan dengan tingkat kelelahan pasien penyakit ginjal kronis di Kota Semarang. J Keperawatan. 2021;13(4):889-894.

18. Wahyudi JT, Maharani I, Tiranda Y. Hubungan antara tingkat fatigue dengan self care pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) yang menjalani hemodialisa di RS Pusri Palembang. J Masker Med. 2022;10(2):756-761. https://doi.org/10.52523/maskermedika.v10i2.501


19. Yan B, Su X, Xu B, Qiao X, Wang L. Effect of diet protein restriction on progression of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE. 2018;13(11):e0206134. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206134


20. Indonesian Renal Registry. 9th report of Indonesian Renal Registry 2016. Jakarta: Indonesian Renal Registry; 2017.

21. Webster AC, Nagler EV, Morton RL, Masson P. Chronic kidney disease. Lancet. 2017;389(10075):1238-1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32064-5


22. Indonesian Renal Registry. 11th report of Indonesian Renal Registry 2018. Jakarta: Indonesian Renal Registry; 2018.

23. Sulistiowati E, Idaiani S. Faktor risiko penyakit ginjal kronik berdasarkan analisis cross-sectional data awal studi kohort penyakit tidak menular penduduk usia 25-65 tahun di Kelurahan Kebon Kalapa, Kota Bogor tahun 2011. Bul Penelit Kesehat. 2015;43(3):163-172. https://doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v43i3.4344.163-172


24. Nurbadriyah WD, Nursalam N, Widyawati IY, Kurniawan AW. Factors associated with quality of life among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Indonesia. J Ners. 2023;18(3):252-256. https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v18i3.46280


25. Yemigoe R, Syukri M, Hajar S. Hubungan anemia dengan kekuatan otot genggaman tangan pada pasien hemodialisis kronik di RSUDZA Banda Aceh. J Ilm Mhs Kedokt Medisia. 2017;2(1):22-27.

26. Jundiah RS, Megawati SW, Muliani R, Khatimah NIH. Gambaran fungsi seksual dan kondisi psikologis pasien penyakit ginjal kronis yang menjalani hemodialisis. J Keperawatan 'Aisyiyah. 2020;7(2):19-25. https://doi.org/10.33867/jka.v7i2.210
Published
2026-08-17
How to Cite
PUSPITASARI, Candra Eka et al. Quality of life of hemodialysis patients with anemia in Lombok, Indonesia. Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo, [S.l.], v. 13, n. 1, p. 15611, aug. 2026. ISSN 2621-4520. Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/api/article/view/15611>. Date accessed: 20 aug. 2026. doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.api.2025.13.1.15611.
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol 13 No 1 (2025): Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia: Acta Pharm Indo
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.