DEKOLORISASI LIMBAH CAIR BATIK DENGAN WAKTU INKUBASI BERBEDA MENGGUNAKAN ISOLAT FUNGI Aspergillus sp. DAN Penicillium sp.
Abstract
Aspergillus sp. dan Penicillium sp. adalah jamur yang memiliki kemampuan dalam mendekolorisasi zat pewarna pada limbah cair batik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan isolat Aspergillus sp. dan Penicillium sp. dengan waktu inkubasi berbeda dalam mendekolorisasi limbah cair batik, mengetahui perlakuan pemberian isolat Aspergillus sp. dan Penicillium sp. dengan waktu inkubasi berbeda yang menunjukkan hasil paling baik. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan rancangan percobaan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan kombinasi yaitu penggunaan isolat Aspergillus sp. dan Penicillium sp. dan waktu inkubasi yang berbeda yaitu 36 jam, 72 jam dan 108 jam. Data persentase dekolorisasi yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (Uji F) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan 99%, kemudian dianalisis lebih lanjut dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) dengan tingkat kesalahan 1 – 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan Aspergillus sp. dan Penicillium sp. dengan waktu inkubasi berbeda mampu mendekolorisasi limbah cair batik. Hasil rata – rata persentase dekolorisasi tertinggi didapat pada perlakuan konsorsium dengan waktu inkubasi 108 jam yaitu sebesar 97,72%.
References
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Aksu, Z. & Sevilay, T., 2000. Equilibrum and Kinetic Modelling of Biosorption of Remazol Black B by Rhizopus arrhizus in a Batch System: Effect of Temperature. Journal of Process Biochemistry, 36(5), pp.431-439.
Agarry, S. & Ayobami, O., 2011. Evaluation of Microbial System for Biotreatment of Textile Waste Effluents in Nigeria; Biodecolourization and Biodegradation of Textile Dye. Journal Application Science Environmental Manage, 15(1), pp. 79-86.
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APHA, 2005. Standard Methods for The Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21th ed. New York : Health Association.
Balaji, V., Vinayagamoorthi, D., Palanisamy, A. & Anbalagan, S., 2012. Degradation of Reactive Red HE7B dan Yellow FN2R Dyes by Fungal Isolates. Journal of Academy Research, 1(3), pp. 132-136.
Balan, D.S.L. & Regina, T.R.M., 2001. Decolorization of Textile Indigo Dye by Ligninolytic Fungi. Journal of Biotechnology, 89, pp. 141-145.
Bidhendi, G., Torabian, A., Ehsani, H. & Ramzmkhah, N., 2007. Evaluation of Industrial Dyeng Wastewater Treatment With Coagulant and Polielectrolit as a Coagulant Aid. Environment Healt Science, 4(1), pp. 29-36.
Brown, M.A. & Stephen, C.D.V., 1993. Predicting Azo Dye Toxicity. Journal Environmental Science and Technology, 23(3), pp. 249-324.
Campos, R., Kandelbauer, A., Robra, K.H., Artur, C.P. & Gubitz, G.M., 2001. Indigo Degradation With Purified Laccases From Trametes hirsuta and Sclerotium rolfsii. Journal of Biotechnology, 89, pp. 131-139.
Coulibaly, L., Germain, G. & Agathos, N.S., 2003. Utilization of Fungi for Biotreatment of Raw Wastewater. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2(12), pp. 620-630.
Daneshvar, N., Ayazloo, M., Khatae, A. & Pourhassan, M., 2007. Biological Decolorization of Dye Solution Containing Malachite Green by Microalgae Cosmarium sp. Bioresourch Technology, 98, pp. 1-7.
Desai, S. & Nityanand, C., 2011. Microbial Laccase and Their Applications a Review. Asian Journal of Biotechnology, 3(2), pp. 98-124.
Dewi, R. & Sri, L., 2010. Dekolorisasi Limbah Batik Tulis Menggunakan Jamur Indigenous Hasil Isolasi pada Konsentrasi Limbah yang Berbeda. molekul, 5(2), pp. 75-82.
Dewi, R. & Uki, D., 2012. Penggunaan Limbah Medium Tanam Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) dalam Penyerapan Warna Limbah Cair Batik. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengembagan Sumber Daya Pedesaan dan Kearifan Lokal Berkelanjutan. ISBN : 978-979-9204-79-0.
Erum, S & Safia, A., 2011. Comparison of Dye Decolorization Efficiencies of Indigenous Fungal Isolates. Journal of Biotechnology. 10(17), pp. 3399-3411.
Gandjar, I., Robet, A.S., Karin, V.D., Ariyanti, O., & Iman, S., 1999. Pengenalan Kapang Tropik Umum. Edisi kesatu. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Gandjar, I., Wellyzar, S. & Ariyanti, O., 2006. Mikologi Dasar dan Terapan. Edisi kesatu. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Gaudy, A. & Gaudy, E., 1980. Microbiology For Environmental. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
Gopi, V., Akhilesh, U. & Soundararajan, N., 2012. Bioremediation Potential of Individual and Consortium Non-Adapted Fungal Strain on Azo Dye Containing Textile Effluent. Advanced in Applied Science Research, 3(1), pp. 303-311.
Guswandhi., James, S.P.P., Sri, H.S., Wardono, N. & Tjandra, S., 2007. Penghilangan Warna Limbah Tekstil dengan Marasmius sp. dalam Bioreaktor Unggun Tetap Termodifikasi (Modified Packed Bed). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Rekayasa Kimia dan Prosses. ISSN : 1411-4216
Heaton, A., 1994. The Chemical Industry. 2nd ed. London: Blackie Academic and Profesional Chapman & Hal.
Ilyas, M., 2006. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Kapang pada Relung Rizosfir Tanaman di Kawasan Cagar Alam Gunung Mutis Nusa Tenggara Timur. Biodiversitas, 3(7), pp. 216-220.
Kadam, A.A., Telke, A.A., Jagtap, S.S. & Govindwar, S.P., 2011. Decolorization of
Adsorbed Textile Dyes by Developed Consortium of Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 and Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM-1146 Under Solid State Fermentation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, (189), pp. 486-494.
Kim, S., H.J, Hwang., B.J Lee. & J.W Yun., 2007. Submerged Production and Characterization of Grifola Polysaccharides. Food Technology Biotechnology, 45(3), pp. 295-305.
Knapp, J. S., Eli, J., Vantoch, W. & Fuming, Z., 2001. Fungi in Bioremediation, 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lade, H., Waghmode, T., Kadam, A. & Govindwar, 2012. Enhanced Biodegradation and Detoxification of Disperse Azo Dye Rubine GFL and Textile Industry Effluent by Defined Fungal-Bacterial Consortium. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 72, pp. 94-107.
Martani, E., Sebastian, M. & Elisa, N., 2011. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Jamur Pendegradasi Zat Pewarna Tekstil. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, 18(2), pp. 127-136.
Miranda, R., Edelvio, D.B.G., Ester, R.G., Katia, M.G.M., & Norma, B.D.G., 2012. Decolorization of Laundry Effluent by Filamentous Fungi. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(18), pp. 4216-4224.
Mohan, G., Loambal, K. & Ravikumar, R., 2012. Investigation on The Removal of Direct Red Dye Using Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus Under Static and Shaking Condition With Modeling. International Journal of Science Environmental, 1(3), pp. 144-153.
Novak, J.T., Robert, C.H. & Clifford, W.R., 2001. Biological Reduction of a Synthetic Dye Water and an Industrial Textile Wastewater Containing Azo Dye Compounds, Blacksburg Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Orth, A., Danniel, J. & Ming, T., 1993. Ubiquity of Lignin Degrading Peroxidases Among Various Wood Degrading Fungi. Applied and Environtmental Microbiology, 59(12), pp. 4017-2023.
Paramita, P., Maya, S. & Kuswytasari, N.D., 2012. Biodegradasi Limbah Organik Pasar dengan Menggunakan Mikroorganisme Alami Tangki Septik. Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS, 1(1), pp. 23-26.
Pilatin, S. & Kunduhoglu, B., 2011. Decolorization of Textile Dyes by Newly Isolated Trametes versicolor Strain. Journal of Science and Technology, 1(2), pp. 126-135.
Purnama, H. & Setiati, 2004. Adsorbsi Limbah Tekstil dengan Jerami Padi. Teknik Glagar, 15, pp. 1-9.
Ramalingman., Saraswathy, N., Shanmugapriya, S., Shakthipriyadarshini, S., Sadasivam, S., & Shanmugaprakash, M., 2008. Decolorization of Textile Dyes by Aspergillus tamarii Mixed Fungal Culture and Penicillium purpurogenum. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 69, pp. 151-153.
Ramya, M., Bhaskar, A., Kalavathy, S. & Devilaksmi, S., 2007. Biodecolorization and Biodegradation of Reactive Blue by Aspergillus sp.. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(12), pp. 1441-1445.
Rani, C., Asim, K. & Ajay, B., 2011. Studies on The Biodegradation of Azo Dyes by White Rot Fungi Daedalea Flavida in The Absence of External Carbon Source. IPCBEE, 6, pp. 147-150.
Robinson, T., McMullan, G., Marchant, R. & Nigam, P., 2001. Remediation of Dyes in Textile Effluent a Critical Review on Current Treatment Technologies With a Proposed Alternative. Biores Technology, 7, pp. 247-255.
Ronald, M., 1995. Media for Environmental Microbiology. 1st ed. United State of America: CRC Press.
Seyis, I. & Subasioglu, T., 2008. Comparison of Live and Dead Biomass of Fungi on Decolorization of Methyl Orange. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(13), pp. 2212 – 2216.
Sjostrom, E & Alen, R., 1998. Analytical Method in Wood Chemistry, Pulping, and Papermaking. Berlin : Springer.
Sastrawidana, I., Maryam, S. & Sukarta, I., 2012. Perombakan Air Limbah Tekstil Menggunakan Jamur Pendegradasi Kayu Jenis Polyporus sp. Teramobil pada Serbuk Gergaji Kayu. Bumi Lestari, 12(2), pp. 382-389.
Shaoxing, 2012. Solubilised vat blue 5. http:// www. worldyevariety.com. [20 Desember 2014].
SNI-06-06989.23-2005, 2005. Air dan Air Limbah - Bagian 23: Cara Uji Suhu dengan Termometer, Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
SNI-06-6989.11-2004, 2004. Air dan Air Limbah - Bagian 11: Cara Uji Derajat Keasaman (pH) dengan Menggunakan pH meter, Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
Sugiharto, 1987. Dasar-Dasar Pengololaan Air Limbah. Jakarta: UI press.
Sukarta, I. & Putu, S., 2013. Pengaruh Konsenterasi Ammonium Sulfat (NH4)2SO4) Optimasi Jamur Jerami pada ILS (Isolat Lokal Singgaraja) untuk Biodegradasi Zat Warna Azo Jenis Remazol Red. Jurnal kimia, 7(1), pp. 91-101.
Torralba, B., Nishikawa, M., Baptisda, D.F., Magalhaes, D.P., Da Silva, M., 2009. Decolorizaton of Different Textile Dyes by Pencillium simplicissumum and Toxicity Evaluation After Fungal Treatment. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 4, pp. 808-817.
U.S Environmental Protection Agency, 1997. Toxic Substances Control ACT (TSCA) PL 94-469 Candidate List of Chemical Substances. Washington DC: Office of toxic substances.
Verma, A. C. R., Pankaj, V., Yogesh, S. & Chandrakant, G., 2010. Four Marine Derived Fungi for Bioremediation of Raw Textile Mill Effluents. Biodegradation, 27, pp. 217-233.
Volk, W. & Wheeler, 1984. Mikrobiologi Dasar Jilid 1. Edisi kelima. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Wasmid, 2014. Penggunaan Limbah Medium Tanam Pleurotus sajor-caju dan Auricularia auricula dalam Dekolorisasi Limbah Batik pada Waktu Kontak yang Berbeda. Skripsi. Purwokerto: Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.
Widiastuti, H., Siswanto., & Suharyanto., 2007, Optimasi Pertumbuhan dan Aktivitas Enzim Lignolitik Omphalina sp. dan Pleurotus ostreatus pada Fermentasi Padat. Menara Perkebunan, 75(2), pp. 93-105.
Winara, A., Achmad., Syamsul, F., 2014. Pengaruh Media Kultur dan Ekstrak Biji Mahoni Terhadap Pertumbuhan Isolat Botryodiplodia sp. Penyebab Mati Pucuk pada Bibit Jabon. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 5(3), pp. 137-142.
Wipradnyadewi, P.A.S., 2005. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Rhizopus oligoporus pada Beberapa Inokulum Tempe. Laporan Hibah Penelitian Tim Pascasarjana. Bali: Universitas Udayana.
Wulandari, F., Nuniek, I. & Ratna, S., 2014. Dekolorisasi Limbah Batik Menggunakan Limbah Medium Tanam Pleurotus ostreatus pada Waktu Inkubasi yang Berbeda. Scripta Biologica, 1, pp. 71-75.
Yazid, M. & Zainul, A., 2006. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteria untuk Remediasi Radionuklida Uranium di dalam Lingkungan. Prosiding PPI – PDIPTN, pp. 115-122. ISSN : 0216-3128.
Aksu, Z. & Sevilay, T., 2000. Equilibrum and Kinetic Modelling of Biosorption of Remazol Black B by Rhizopus arrhizus in a Batch System: Effect of Temperature. Journal of Process Biochemistry, 36(5), pp.431-439.
Agarry, S. & Ayobami, O., 2011. Evaluation of Microbial System for Biotreatment of Textile Waste Effluents in Nigeria; Biodecolourization and Biodegradation of Textile Dye. Journal Application Science Environmental Manage, 15(1), pp. 79-86.
Agustina, T.E. & Muhammad, A., 2012. Pengaruh Temperatur dan Waktu pada Pengolahan Pewarna Sintesis Procion Menggunakan Reagen Fenton. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 18(3), pp. 54-61.
APHA, 2005. Standard Methods for The Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21th ed. New York : Health Association.
Balaji, V., Vinayagamoorthi, D., Palanisamy, A. & Anbalagan, S., 2012. Degradation of Reactive Red HE7B dan Yellow FN2R Dyes by Fungal Isolates. Journal of Academy Research, 1(3), pp. 132-136.
Balan, D.S.L. & Regina, T.R.M., 2001. Decolorization of Textile Indigo Dye by Ligninolytic Fungi. Journal of Biotechnology, 89, pp. 141-145.
Bidhendi, G., Torabian, A., Ehsani, H. & Ramzmkhah, N., 2007. Evaluation of Industrial Dyeng Wastewater Treatment With Coagulant and Polielectrolit as a Coagulant Aid. Environment Healt Science, 4(1), pp. 29-36.
Brown, M.A. & Stephen, C.D.V., 1993. Predicting Azo Dye Toxicity. Journal Environmental Science and Technology, 23(3), pp. 249-324.
Campos, R., Kandelbauer, A., Robra, K.H., Artur, C.P. & Gubitz, G.M., 2001. Indigo Degradation With Purified Laccases From Trametes hirsuta and Sclerotium rolfsii. Journal of Biotechnology, 89, pp. 131-139.
Coulibaly, L., Germain, G. & Agathos, N.S., 2003. Utilization of Fungi for Biotreatment of Raw Wastewater. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2(12), pp. 620-630.
Daneshvar, N., Ayazloo, M., Khatae, A. & Pourhassan, M., 2007. Biological Decolorization of Dye Solution Containing Malachite Green by Microalgae Cosmarium sp. Bioresourch Technology, 98, pp. 1-7.
Desai, S. & Nityanand, C., 2011. Microbial Laccase and Their Applications a Review. Asian Journal of Biotechnology, 3(2), pp. 98-124.
Dewi, R. & Sri, L., 2010. Dekolorisasi Limbah Batik Tulis Menggunakan Jamur Indigenous Hasil Isolasi pada Konsentrasi Limbah yang Berbeda. molekul, 5(2), pp. 75-82.
Dewi, R. & Uki, D., 2012. Penggunaan Limbah Medium Tanam Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus ostreatus) dalam Penyerapan Warna Limbah Cair Batik. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengembagan Sumber Daya Pedesaan dan Kearifan Lokal Berkelanjutan. ISBN : 978-979-9204-79-0.
Erum, S & Safia, A., 2011. Comparison of Dye Decolorization Efficiencies of Indigenous Fungal Isolates. Journal of Biotechnology. 10(17), pp. 3399-3411.
Gandjar, I., Robet, A.S., Karin, V.D., Ariyanti, O., & Iman, S., 1999. Pengenalan Kapang Tropik Umum. Edisi kesatu. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Gandjar, I., Wellyzar, S. & Ariyanti, O., 2006. Mikologi Dasar dan Terapan. Edisi kesatu. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Gaudy, A. & Gaudy, E., 1980. Microbiology For Environmental. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
Gopi, V., Akhilesh, U. & Soundararajan, N., 2012. Bioremediation Potential of Individual and Consortium Non-Adapted Fungal Strain on Azo Dye Containing Textile Effluent. Advanced in Applied Science Research, 3(1), pp. 303-311.
Guswandhi., James, S.P.P., Sri, H.S., Wardono, N. & Tjandra, S., 2007. Penghilangan Warna Limbah Tekstil dengan Marasmius sp. dalam Bioreaktor Unggun Tetap Termodifikasi (Modified Packed Bed). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Rekayasa Kimia dan Prosses. ISSN : 1411-4216
Heaton, A., 1994. The Chemical Industry. 2nd ed. London: Blackie Academic and Profesional Chapman & Hal.
Ilyas, M., 2006. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Kapang pada Relung Rizosfir Tanaman di Kawasan Cagar Alam Gunung Mutis Nusa Tenggara Timur. Biodiversitas, 3(7), pp. 216-220.
Kadam, A.A., Telke, A.A., Jagtap, S.S. & Govindwar, S.P., 2011. Decolorization of
Adsorbed Textile Dyes by Developed Consortium of Pseudomonas sp. SUK1 and Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM-1146 Under Solid State Fermentation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, (189), pp. 486-494.
Kim, S., H.J, Hwang., B.J Lee. & J.W Yun., 2007. Submerged Production and Characterization of Grifola Polysaccharides. Food Technology Biotechnology, 45(3), pp. 295-305.
Knapp, J. S., Eli, J., Vantoch, W. & Fuming, Z., 2001. Fungi in Bioremediation, 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lade, H., Waghmode, T., Kadam, A. & Govindwar, 2012. Enhanced Biodegradation and Detoxification of Disperse Azo Dye Rubine GFL and Textile Industry Effluent by Defined Fungal-Bacterial Consortium. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 72, pp. 94-107.
Martani, E., Sebastian, M. & Elisa, N., 2011. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Jamur Pendegradasi Zat Pewarna Tekstil. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, 18(2), pp. 127-136.
Miranda, R., Edelvio, D.B.G., Ester, R.G., Katia, M.G.M., & Norma, B.D.G., 2012. Decolorization of Laundry Effluent by Filamentous Fungi. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(18), pp. 4216-4224.
Mohan, G., Loambal, K. & Ravikumar, R., 2012. Investigation on The Removal of Direct Red Dye Using Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus Under Static and Shaking Condition With Modeling. International Journal of Science Environmental, 1(3), pp. 144-153.
Novak, J.T., Robert, C.H. & Clifford, W.R., 2001. Biological Reduction of a Synthetic Dye Water and an Industrial Textile Wastewater Containing Azo Dye Compounds, Blacksburg Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Orth, A., Danniel, J. & Ming, T., 1993. Ubiquity of Lignin Degrading Peroxidases Among Various Wood Degrading Fungi. Applied and Environtmental Microbiology, 59(12), pp. 4017-2023.
Paramita, P., Maya, S. & Kuswytasari, N.D., 2012. Biodegradasi Limbah Organik Pasar dengan Menggunakan Mikroorganisme Alami Tangki Septik. Jurnal Sains dan Seni ITS, 1(1), pp. 23-26.
Pilatin, S. & Kunduhoglu, B., 2011. Decolorization of Textile Dyes by Newly Isolated Trametes versicolor Strain. Journal of Science and Technology, 1(2), pp. 126-135.
Purnama, H. & Setiati, 2004. Adsorbsi Limbah Tekstil dengan Jerami Padi. Teknik Glagar, 15, pp. 1-9.
Ramalingman., Saraswathy, N., Shanmugapriya, S., Shakthipriyadarshini, S., Sadasivam, S., & Shanmugaprakash, M., 2008. Decolorization of Textile Dyes by Aspergillus tamarii Mixed Fungal Culture and Penicillium purpurogenum. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 69, pp. 151-153.
Ramya, M., Bhaskar, A., Kalavathy, S. & Devilaksmi, S., 2007. Biodecolorization and Biodegradation of Reactive Blue by Aspergillus sp.. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(12), pp. 1441-1445.
Rani, C., Asim, K. & Ajay, B., 2011. Studies on The Biodegradation of Azo Dyes by White Rot Fungi Daedalea Flavida in The Absence of External Carbon Source. IPCBEE, 6, pp. 147-150.
Robinson, T., McMullan, G., Marchant, R. & Nigam, P., 2001. Remediation of Dyes in Textile Effluent a Critical Review on Current Treatment Technologies With a Proposed Alternative. Biores Technology, 7, pp. 247-255.
Ronald, M., 1995. Media for Environmental Microbiology. 1st ed. United State of America: CRC Press.
Seyis, I. & Subasioglu, T., 2008. Comparison of Live and Dead Biomass of Fungi on Decolorization of Methyl Orange. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(13), pp. 2212 – 2216.
Sjostrom, E & Alen, R., 1998. Analytical Method in Wood Chemistry, Pulping, and Papermaking. Berlin : Springer.
Sastrawidana, I., Maryam, S. & Sukarta, I., 2012. Perombakan Air Limbah Tekstil Menggunakan Jamur Pendegradasi Kayu Jenis Polyporus sp. Teramobil pada Serbuk Gergaji Kayu. Bumi Lestari, 12(2), pp. 382-389.
Shaoxing, 2012. Solubilised vat blue 5. http:// www. worldyevariety.com. [20 Desember 2014].
SNI-06-06989.23-2005, 2005. Air dan Air Limbah - Bagian 23: Cara Uji Suhu dengan Termometer, Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
SNI-06-6989.11-2004, 2004. Air dan Air Limbah - Bagian 11: Cara Uji Derajat Keasaman (pH) dengan Menggunakan pH meter, Jakarta: Badan Standarisasi Nasional.
Sugiharto, 1987. Dasar-Dasar Pengololaan Air Limbah. Jakarta: UI press.
Sukarta, I. & Putu, S., 2013. Pengaruh Konsenterasi Ammonium Sulfat (NH4)2SO4) Optimasi Jamur Jerami pada ILS (Isolat Lokal Singgaraja) untuk Biodegradasi Zat Warna Azo Jenis Remazol Red. Jurnal kimia, 7(1), pp. 91-101.
Torralba, B., Nishikawa, M., Baptisda, D.F., Magalhaes, D.P., Da Silva, M., 2009. Decolorizaton of Different Textile Dyes by Pencillium simplicissumum and Toxicity Evaluation After Fungal Treatment. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 4, pp. 808-817.
U.S Environmental Protection Agency, 1997. Toxic Substances Control ACT (TSCA) PL 94-469 Candidate List of Chemical Substances. Washington DC: Office of toxic substances.
Verma, A. C. R., Pankaj, V., Yogesh, S. & Chandrakant, G., 2010. Four Marine Derived Fungi for Bioremediation of Raw Textile Mill Effluents. Biodegradation, 27, pp. 217-233.
Volk, W. & Wheeler, 1984. Mikrobiologi Dasar Jilid 1. Edisi kelima. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Wasmid, 2014. Penggunaan Limbah Medium Tanam Pleurotus sajor-caju dan Auricularia auricula dalam Dekolorisasi Limbah Batik pada Waktu Kontak yang Berbeda. Skripsi. Purwokerto: Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.
Widiastuti, H., Siswanto., & Suharyanto., 2007, Optimasi Pertumbuhan dan Aktivitas Enzim Lignolitik Omphalina sp. dan Pleurotus ostreatus pada Fermentasi Padat. Menara Perkebunan, 75(2), pp. 93-105.
Winara, A., Achmad., Syamsul, F., 2014. Pengaruh Media Kultur dan Ekstrak Biji Mahoni Terhadap Pertumbuhan Isolat Botryodiplodia sp. Penyebab Mati Pucuk pada Bibit Jabon. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 5(3), pp. 137-142.
Wipradnyadewi, P.A.S., 2005. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Rhizopus oligoporus pada Beberapa Inokulum Tempe. Laporan Hibah Penelitian Tim Pascasarjana. Bali: Universitas Udayana.
Wulandari, F., Nuniek, I. & Ratna, S., 2014. Dekolorisasi Limbah Batik Menggunakan Limbah Medium Tanam Pleurotus ostreatus pada Waktu Inkubasi yang Berbeda. Scripta Biologica, 1, pp. 71-75.
Yazid, M. & Zainul, A., 2006. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteria untuk Remediasi Radionuklida Uranium di dalam Lingkungan. Prosiding PPI – PDIPTN, pp. 115-122. ISSN : 0216-3128.
Published
2024-09-25
How to Cite
DEWI, Ratna Stia et al.
DEKOLORISASI LIMBAH CAIR BATIK DENGAN WAKTU INKUBASI BERBEDA MENGGUNAKAN ISOLAT FUNGI Aspergillus sp. DAN Penicillium sp..
Journal of Biodiversity and Maritime Study, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 20-36, sep. 2024.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/mandara/article/view/12322>. Date accessed: 28 apr. 2025.
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