EVALUATING THE PROVISIONING AND REGULATING SERVICES OF MACROALGAE: BIOACTIVE COMPUND PROFILES, SPECIES COMPOSITION, AND CARBON STOCKS FROM KARAPYAK BEACH, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
Abstract
Coastal macroalgae play a crucial dual role in marine ecosystems by providing provisioning services through bioactive compounds and regulating services through carbon sequestration. This study aimed to evaluate the species composition, bioactive compound potential, and estimated carbon stock of macroalgae at Karapyak Beach, West Java, Indonesia. Field sampling was conducted using line transects and quadrat plots across mixed intertidal substrates, accompanied by physicochemical water measurements. A total of 10 macroalgal species were identified across three divisions: Chlorophyta (40%), Rhodophyta (30%), and Phaeophyta (30%). Bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and polysaccharides were found to have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties based on literature references. The highest carbon stock was recorded in Sargassum polycystum (120.21 g C/m²), followed by Sargassum duplicatum (64.14 g C/m²), making them significant contributors to blue carbon storage. These findings underscore the ecological importance of macroalgae for coastal biodiversity, climate change mitigation, and potential economic applications in biotechnology and carbon credit schemes.
References
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Arief, M. & Sulistiono, T., 2018. Keanekaragaman Hayati dan Struktur Komunitas Ikan di Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Pulau Lombok. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 17(1), pp. 1-12.
Asni, A. 2015. Analisis Poduksi Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Berdasarkan Musim dan Jarak Lokasi Budidaya di Perairan Kabupaten Bantaeng, Akuatika, 6(2): 140-153.
Bjerregaard, R., Valderrama, D., Radulovich, R., Diana, J., Capron, M., Mckinnie, C.A., Cedric, M., Hopkins, K., Yarish, C., Goudey, C. & Forster, J., 2016. Seaweed aquaculture for food security, income generation and environmental health in tropical developing countries. World Bank Group, Washington, DC.
Buonocore, E., Donnarumma, L., Appolloni, L., Miccio, A., Russo, G. F. & Franzese, P. P., 2020. Marine Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services: An Environmental Accounting Model. Ecological Modeling, 424(1), pp. 1-11.
Burdames, Y., L.A. Edwin,, Nganggi. 2014. Kondisi Lingkungan Perairan Budi Daya Rumput Laut di Desa Arakan, Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Budidaya Perairan, 2(3): 69-75.
D'Archino, R., Piazzi, L., 2021. Macroalgal assemblages as indicators of the ecological status of marine coastal systems: A review. Ecological indicators, 129, p.107835.
Da Costa, J. F., Merdekawati, W., & Otu, F. R. 2018. Analisis Proksimat, Aktivitas Antioksidan, Dan Komposisi Pigmen Ulva Lactuca L. Dari Perairan Pantai Kukup. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi (Journal of Food Technology and Nutrition), 17(1), 1-17.
Dhinakaran ID, Rajalakhsmi R, Sivakumar T, Jeeva S. 2016. Antimicrobial activities and bioactive metabolites from marine algae Valoniopsis pachynema and Sargassum swartzii. J Pharmacognosy Phytochem 4 (1): 19-27.
Duarte, C. M., Wu, J., Xiao, X., Bruhn, A., & Krause-Jensen, D., 2017. Can Seaweed Farming Play a Role in Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation? Frontiers in Marine Science, 4(100).
El-Din, S. M. M., & El-Ahwany, A. M. 2016. Bioactivity and phytochemical constituents of marine red seaweeds (Jania rubens, Corallina mediterranea and Pterocladia capillacea). Journal of Taibah University for Science, 10(4), 471-484.
Fikri, M., Rejeki S., Widowati, LL. 2015. Produksi dan Kualitas Rumput Laut (Eucheuma cottonii dan Gracilaria sp.) dengan Metode long line di Perairan Pantai Bulu Jepara. Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology. 4(2). pp. 67-74.
Firdhayani, I.N., Alamsjah, M.A, Subekti, S., 2014. Eksplorasi Bahan Aktif Rumput Laut Coklat (Phaeophyceae). Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol, 6(2).
Ganapathy, S., Lingappa, S., Naidu, K., Selvaraj, U., Ramachandiran, S., Ponnusamy, S., & Somasundaram, S. T. 2019. Isolation and bioactive potential of fucoidan from marine macroalgae Turbinaria conoides. ChemistrySelect, 4(48), 14114-14119.
Gao, G., Beardall, J., Jin, P., Gao, L., Xie, S. and Gao, K., 2022. A review of existing and potential blue carbon contributions to climate change mitigation in the Anthropocene. Journal of Applied Ecology, 59(7), pp.1686-1699.
Garland, G., Banerjee, S., Edlinger, A., Oliveira, E. M., Herzog, C., Wittwer, R., Philippot, L., Maestre, F. T. & Heijden, M. G. A., 2020. A Closer Look at the Functions Behind Ecosystem Multifunctionality: A Review. Journal of Ecology, 109(2), pp. 600-613.
Hidayah, N., Rozaimi, M., Shahrul, M. & Nadzir, M., 2019. Sumber Penyumbang Karbon ke dalam Sedimen Dataran Rumput di Laut di Muara Sungai Pulai, Johor, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 48(11), pp. 2405-2413.
Hidayat, R. & Sulistiono, T., 2020. Struktur Komunitas Ikan di Perairan Pesisir Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 12(1), pp. 1-11.
Hutapea, E.D., Susetya, I.E., Fadhilah, A., Yusni, E., Wahyuwatri, I., Manik, E.A., Aritonang, J.E., Setyorini, H.B., Suriani, M., 2022, June. Biomass and carbon storage of Sargassum sp. in Poncan Gadang Island, North Sumatera Province. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 977, No. 1, p. 012122). IOP Publishing.
Ibrahim, A.M., Subiyanto & Ruswahyuni, 2014. Hubungan Kerapatan Rumput Laut Sargassum sp. dengan Kelimpahan Epifauna di Pantai Barakuda Pulau Kemojan Kepulawan Karimunjawa, Jepara. Diponegoro Journal of Maquares, III(2), pp.36- 44.
Ira, I., Rahmadani, R., Irawati, N. 2018. Komposisi Spesies Makroalga di Pulau Hari, Sulawesi Tenggara (Species Composition of Macroalgae in Hari Island, South East Sulawesi). Jurnal Biologi Tropis. 18(2). pp. 141-148.
Islam, M.N., van Amstel, A., Bhuyan, M.S., Islam, M.N., Sharif, A.S.M., Islam, M.M., Islam, M.S., Hoq, M.E., 2021. Seaweed: a powerful tool for climate change mitigation that provides various ecological services. Bangladesh II: Climate Change Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation in Developing Countries, pp.159-192.
Johnson, M., Kanimozhi, S. A., Malar, T. R. J. J., Shibila, T., Freitas, P. R., Tintino, S. R., ... & Coutinho, H. D. M. 2019. The antioxidative effects of bioactive products from Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh and Sargassum duplicatum J. Agardh against inflammation and other pathological issues. Complementary therapies in medicine, 46, 19-23.
Kadi, A., W.S. Atmadja. 1988. Rumput Laut (Algae) Jenis, Produksi, Budidaya, dan Pasca Panen. Seri Sumber daya Alam. Pusat Pengembangan Oseanologi LIPI. Jakarta.
Khavita K, Mahalakshmi K, Manam KV. 2015. In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of green algae Valoniopsis pachynema. World J Pharm Sci 3 (10): 2088-2091.
Kasim, M.S.H., Harisanti, dan A. Imran. 2020. Identifikasi Rumput Laut (Seaweed) di Perairan Pantai Cemara Kabupaten Lombok Timur Sebagai Dasar Penyusunan Brosur Bagi Masyarakat. Ilmiah Biologi, 8(1): 106-114.
Krause-Jensen, D. & Duarte, C. M. 2016. Substantial role of macroalgae in marine carbon sequestration. Nature Geoscience, 9(10), 737-742.
Lam, R. D., Gasparatos, A., Chakraborty, S., Rivera, H. & Stanley, T., 2019. Multiple Values and Knowledge Integration in Indigenous Coastal and Marine Social-Ecological Systems Research: A Systematic Review. Ecosystem Services, 37(1), pp. 1-18.
Li, H., Feng, X., Xiong, T., Shao, W., Wu, W., Zhang, Y. 2023. Particulate Organic Carbon Released during Macroalgal Growth Has Significant Carbon Sequestration Potential in the Ocean. Environmental science & technology, 57(48), 19723–19731.
Lomartire S, Marques JC, Gonçalves AMM. 2021. An Overview of the health benefits of seaweeds consumption. Mar Bioactives 19, 341: 1- 24. DOI: 10.3390/md19060341.
Nazarudin, M.F., Alias, N.H., Balakrishnan, S., Wan Hasnan, W.N.I., Noor Mazli, N.A.I., Ahmad, M.I., Md Yasin, I.S., Isha, A., Aliyu-Paiko, M., 2021. Chemical, nutrient and physicochemical properties of brown seaweed, Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh (Phaeophyceae) collected from Port Dickson, Peninsular Malaysia. Molecules, 26(17), p.5216.
Ould, E. and Caldwell, G.S., 2022. The potential of seaweed for carbon capture. CABI Reviews, 17(19)
Pauly, D., Christensen, V., Dalsgaard, J., Froese, R. & Torres, F., 1998. Fishing Down Marine Food Webs. Science, 279(5352), pp. 860-863.
Pessarrodona, A., Franco‐Santos, R.M., Wright, L.S., Vanderklift, M.A., Howard, J., Pidgeon, E., Wernberg, T., Filbee‐Dexter, K., 2023. Carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation using macroalgae: a state of knowledge review. Biological Reviews, 98(6), pp.1945-1971.
Rahmawati, S., Abdillah, A.A. 2019. Studi Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Hasil Kultur Jaringan dengan Metode longline berbingkai di Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Laut Lampung. Jurnal Perikanan Pantura (JPP). 2(1). pp. 1-9.
Remya RR, Samrot AV, Kumar SS, Mohanavel V, Karthick A, Chinnaiyan VK, Umapathy D, Muhibbullah M. 2022. Bioactive potential of brown algae. Adsorption Sci Technol 9104835. DOI: 10.1155/2022/9104835.
Rinawati, Muhsin SW. 2022. The effectiveness of sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca) water extract from Aceh Waters as an anti-obesity. Public Health: Journal of the Faculty of Public Health (The Indonesian Journal of Public Health). 9 (01): 50-55.
Rose, D.J., Hemery, L.G., 2023. Methods for measuring carbon dioxide uptake and permanence: Review and implications for macroalgae aquaculture. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 11(1), p.175.
Sangha, K. K., Stoeckl, N., Crossman, N., Costanza, R., 2019. A state-wide economic assessment of coastal and marine ecosystem services to inform sustainable development policies in the Northern Territory, Australia. Marine Policy. 107, p.103595
Sanjeewa, K. A., Kang, N., Ahn, G., Jee, Y., Kim, Y. T., & Jeon, Y. J. 2018. Bioactive potentials of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from brown seaweed Sargassum spp in related to human health applications: A review. Food Hydrocolloids, 81, 200-208.
Santoso, Khasanah K, Tarman K, Sumandiarsa IK. 2022. Antioxidant activities of acetone extract of Sargassum polycystum from different parts of thallus. ICMMBT-IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ Sci 967: 1- 12. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/967/1/012042.
Saraswati, Giriwono PE, Iskandriati, Tan CP, Andarwulan N. 2019. Sargassum seaweed as a source of anti-inflammatory substances and the potential insight of the tropical species: a review. Mar Bioactives 17 (590): 1-35. DOI: 10.3390/md17100590.
Saxena, N., Chudasama, Y., Chawada, H., Kodgire, S., Dasgupta, S., Sanyal, D., 2021. Evaluating total organic carbon derived algae biomass productivity compared with ash free dry weight measurement. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 91, pp.89-94.
Shelar PS, Reddy VK, Gauri S, Shelar S, Kavitha M, Kumar GP, Reddy GVS. 2012. Bioactive value of seaweeds and its applications - A Review. Cont J Pharmacol Toxicol Res 5 (2): 1-22.
Sholih, M. B., Buchori, D., Harahap, I. S. & Rizali, A., 2019. Pengaruh Tipe Penggunaan Lahan dalam Membentuk Komunitas Semut dan Layanan Ekosistem yang Diberikan. Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia, 16(2), pp. 83-90.
Srimariana SE, Kawaroel MN, Lestari FD, Nugraha HN. 2020. Diversity and potential utilization of seaweed on the coast of Tunda Island. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Sciences (JIPI) 25 (1): 138-144.
Stranska‐Zachariasova, M., Kurniatanty, I., Gbelcova, H., Jiru, M., Rubert, J., Nindhia, T. G. T., ... & Ruml, T. 2017. Bioprospecting of Turbinaria macroalgae as a potential source of health protective compounds. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 14(2), e1600192.
Torres P, Santos JP, Chow F, dos Santos DYAC. 2019. A comprehensive review of traditional uses, bioactivity potential, and chemical diversity of the genus Gracilaria (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). Algal Res 37: 288-306. DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.12.009.
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Published
2025-11-18
How to Cite
FATHURAHMAN, Fabian Rizky; PRATAMA, Aficko Razaky; SITIO, Risma Leonny Maryanti.
EVALUATING THE PROVISIONING AND REGULATING SERVICES OF MACROALGAE: BIOACTIVE COMPUND PROFILES, SPECIES COMPOSITION, AND CARBON STOCKS FROM KARAPYAK BEACH, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA.
Journal of Biodiversity and Maritime Study, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 1, p. 48-62, nov. 2025.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/mandara/article/view/16371>. Date accessed: 20 apr. 2026.
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Section
Articles
