Feminist Linguistic Analysis on Selected Poems of Language Discipline
Abstract
This study focuses on analyzing the eight selected poems in language discipline, particularly in the context of women’s objectification. The objective of this study is communication patterns of women's objectification from Sara Mills' Feminist Stylistics. This exploration applied a content analysis approach and Fredrickson and Roberts’ objectification theory. The major findings reveal that women are expected to be obedient and do household chores, are being reduced by their body parts for men’s sexual desires, and are used to objectify them. Further, women are treated based on their clothes, as what they wear highlights their sexuality and beauty, amplifying the notion of women being reduced to sexual objects rather than treating them as a person with identities. More distressing is the revelation of women being labeled with different names if they do not conform to society's expectations, which emphasized women as being passive and unwilling to receive the actions from men. Finally, this study is highly significant for language learners as it could help them to be more adept in analyzing literary texts while enhancing their critical thinking skills on language and gender representation, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal No. 5 on Gender Equality, mainstreaming eradication of any forms of discrimination
References
Abraham, Margaret. (1998) "Speaking the unspeakable: Marital violence against South Asian immigrant women in the United States." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 5.2: 215-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/097152159800500204
Alexander, Reed. (2017). "Women Who Speak Out at Work Get Ignored. Men Become Leaders." MarketWatch, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/women-who-speak-out-at-work-get-ignored-men-become-leaders-2017-11-07.
Al-Khader, Mutasem Tawfiq Qasem. (2018 ) “My Last Duchess : A Poem about Relationships between the Colonizers and the Colonized = دوقتي الأخيرة : قصيدة عن العلاقة ما بين المستعمرين والمستعمرين. (): Journal of Al-Quds Open University for Humanities and Social Studies, 45, 9–17. https://doi.org/10.12816/0052110
Anubhuti. (2022). The Women Development Cell. "A Brief History of Feminist Literary Criticism - Anubhuti: The Women Development Cell - Medium." Medium, 24 Oct., https://medium.com/@anubhutisrcasw/a-brief-history-of-feminist-literary-criticism-671b2de83a5b.
Ayyildiz, Esat. (2023) Arab Women in Ink: Exploring Gender Perspectives in Modern Arabic Literature. Livre de Lyon,.
Barale, Valeria. (2018) Reappropriation and self-labeling: the influence of sexist language on women's feeling of personal power. MS thesis..
Bernard, Philippe, and Robin Wollast. (2019) "Why is sexualization dehumanizing? The effects of posture suggestiveness and revealing clothing on dehumanization." Sage open 9.1: 2158244019828230. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019828230
Bhanot, Surbhi, and Charlene Y. Senn. (2007) "Attitudes towards violence against women in men of South Asian ancestry: Are acculturation and gender role attitudes important factors?." Journal of Family Violence 22: 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-006-9060-0
Biefeld, Sharla D., Ellen A. Stone, and Christia Spears Brown. (2021) "Sexy, thin, and white: The intersection of sexualization, body type, and race on stereotypes about women." Sex Roles 85.5: 287-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-020-01221-2
Borker, Girija. (2021) "Safety first: Perceived risk of street harassment and educational choices of women.". https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9731
Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & society, 19(6), 829-859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278639
Conroy, Amy A., Allison Ruark, and Judy Y. Tan. (2020) "Re-conceptualising gender and power relations for sexual and reproductive health: contrasting narratives of tradition, unity, and rights." Culture, Health & Sexuality 22. Sup1: 48-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2019.1666428
Dasgupta, Shamita Das, and Sujata Warrier. (1996) "In the footsteps of “Arundhati” Asian Indian women's experience of domestic violence in the United States." Violence against women 2.3: 238-259. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801296002003002
Delmar, Rosalind. (2018)"What is feminism?." Theorizing feminism. Routledge,. 5-28. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429494277-2
Ellemers, Naomi. (2018) "Gender stereotypes." Annual review of psychology 69.1: 275-298. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011719
Endraswara, Suwardi. (2003) "Metodologi penelitian sastra: Epistemologi." Model, Teori dan Aplikasi, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Widyatama.
Epstein, C. F. (2023). Woman’s Place. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.8085308
Fakih, Mansour. (2008). Analisis Gender dan Transformasi Sosial. Pustaka Pelajar.
Fazlalizadeh, Tatyana. (2020) Stop telling women to smile: Stories of street harassment and how we're taking back our power. Hachette UK,.
Fredrickson, Barbara L., and Tomi-Ann Roberts. (1997) "Objectification theory: Toward understanding women's lived experiences and mental health risks." Psychology of Women Quarterly 21.2: 173-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x
Gemmette, Elizabeth V. (1982). "Browning’s my last duchess: An untenable position.” Studies in Browning and His Circle 10.1: 40-45.
Gheyle, Niels, and Thomas Jacobs. (2017) "Content Analysis: a short overview." Internal Research Note 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33689.31841
Goel, Rashmi. (2005) "Sita’s trousseau: Restorative justice, domestic violence, and South Asian culture." Violence Against Women 11.5: 639-665. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801205274522
Goswami, Uma, and Neelam Yadav. (2024). "A comparative stylistic analysis of Robert Browning’s poems with special reference to “My Last Duchess” & “Porphyria’s Lover”." Language in India 24.7: 96-111.
Harrington, Auguste G., Nickola C. Overall, and Jessica A. Maxwell. (2022). "Feminine gender role discrepancy strain and women’s self-esteem in daily and weekly life: A person X context perspective." Sex roles 87.1: 35-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-022-01305-1
Herman, S. Pd, and Saputra, Nanda. (2022) "A guide to discourse analysis as theory and practice." ResearchGate,.
Ho, Lauren, and Adam Limpaecher. (2023) "What Is Discourse Analysis? An Introduction & Guide Essential Guide to Coding Qualitative Data." Delve, https://delvetool.com/blog/discourse-analysis.
Ibrahim, Amal. (2021) ““My Last Duchess” Poem from a Psychosocial and Social Point of View”, American Research Journal of English and Literature, Vol 7, no. 1, pp. 1-6.
Jacobs, Janet L. (2021) "The effects of ritual healing on female victims of abuse: A study of empowerment and transformation." Gender and Religion. Routledge. 127-141. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429337345-11
Jansen, Wilhelmina. (2021) "Contested identities: Women and religion in Algeria and Jordan." Women and Islamization. Routledge. 73-102. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003135814-4
Kejriwal, Pritha. (2021) On being, subject and truth in the works of Pablo Neruda and Alain Badiou. Diss. Birkbeck, University of London. https://doi.org/10.18743/PUB.00047369
Khattak, Nasir Jamal. (2023) "Revealing the Layers of the Duke’s Mind: Elements of Structure and Language in Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess”." University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics and Literature 7.I: 159-163.
Kitab, Athraa Abdul Ameer. (2024) "Individualism and the Symbolic Language of Imagination (Pablo Neruda as an Example)." Journal of the College of Languages (JCL) 49: 23-36. https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0023
Knoepflmacher, Ulrich C. (1984) "Projection and the Female Other: Romanticism, Browning, and the Victorian Dramatic Monologue." Victorian Poetry: 139-159.
Messerschmidt, James W., and Michael A. Messner. (2018) "Hegemonic, nonhegemonic, and “new” masculinities." Gender reckonings: New social theory and research: 35-56. https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479866342.003.0006
Mills, Sara. (1995). Feminist Stylistics. Routledge,.
Moi, Toril. (2011) Sex, Gender and the Body: The Student Edition of What Is a Woman? Oxford University Press,.
Monteza, Ana Mae M., and Tessie G. Miralles. (2023) "Women through times: A socio-stylistic cognition on the phylogenesis of women representation in the society.” European Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics Studies 7.2. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejlll.v7i2.447
Morton, B. (2021). On Pablo Neruda. PN Review, 47(3), 74.
Nasr, Ghufran Ahmed. (2022) "Feminism and Feminist Literary Theory." Arcadia, https://www.byarcadia.org/post/feminism-and-feminist-literary-theory.
Ng, Sik Hung, and Fei Deng. (2017) "Language and power." Oxford research encyclopedia of communication..
Nizamova, Shahnoza Ubaydullaevna. (2021) "Genderological characteristics of Uzbek nicknames." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 11.4: 734-737. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2021.01122.8
Okulicz-Kozaryn, Adam, and Rubia da Rocha Valente. (2018) "Life satisfaction of career women and housewives." Applied Research in Quality of Life 13: 603-632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-017-9547-2
Oral, Uğur. (2022) "The Communication Of Turkish Feminists With Society In The Years Of Transition From The Ottoman Empire To The Republic Of Turkey." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research: 44-55. doi:10.52589/ajsshr-gj8jqrfo.
Orozco-Fontalvo, Mauricio, et al. (2019) "Women's perceived risk of sexual harassment in a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system: The case of Barranquilla, Colombia." Journal of Transport & Health 14: 100598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.100598
Park, Jee Hoon, KyongWeon Lee, Michelle D. Hand, Keith A. Anderson, and Tess E. Schleitwiler. (2016) "Korean survivors of the Japanese “comfort women” system: understanding the lifelong consequences of early life trauma." Journal of gerontological social work 59.4: 332-348. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2016.1204642
Pishkar, Kian. (2010). A reader's guide to English literature (1st ed.). Tehran: Rahnama.
Ibrahim, Amal. (2021). ““My Last Duchess” Poem from a Psychosocial and Social Point of View”, American Research Journal of English and Literature, Vol 7, no. 1, pp. 1-6.
Raina, Javeed Ahmad. (2017) Feminism: Overview. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Psychology and Gender,. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483384269.n185
Rani, Savita. (2013). "Elaine Showalter’s Feminist Criticism in The Wilderness: A Critique." An International Refereed e-Journal of Literary Explorations 1: 1-5.
Scharp, Kristina M., and Lindsey J. Thomas. (2017) "Discourse Analysis." The International Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118901731.iecrm0068
Shashkevich, Alex. (2019) "The power of language: How words shape people, culture." Stanford News.
Soleil, Valerie. (2018) The power of language: How it creates your reality and how to use it wisely. Learning Mind, , www.learning-mind.com/the-power-of-language/.
Sultana, Abeda. (2010) "Patriarchy and women s subordination: a theoretical analysis." Arts Faculty Journal: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3329/afj.v4i0.12929
Townsend, Dabney. (1991) "Breaking and Remaking: Aesthetic Practice in England, 1700-1820.": 271-273.
Tribus, Angela C. (2017) "The communicative functions of language: an exploration of roman Jakobson’s theory in tesol.". https://doi.org/10.12697/sss.2018.46.4.06
Vijayalashmi, G. Dr. (2014) “Role of Language in Objectifying Women.” academia.edu., www.academia.edu/11316829/Role_of_language_in_objectifying_women
Vizheh, Maryam, et al. (2021) "Women empowerment in reproductive health: a systematic review of measurement properties." BMC Women's Health 21: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01566-0
Wollast, Robin, et al. (2018) "How sexual objectification generates dehumanization in Western and Eastern cultures." Swiss Journal of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000209
Vonderhaar, Rebecca L., and Dianne Cyr Carmody. (2015) "There are no “innocent victims” the influence of just world beliefs and prior victimization on rape myth acceptance." Journal of interpersonal violence 30.10: 1615-1632. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514549196
Zunaidi, Arif, and Facrial Lailatul Maghfiroh. (2021) "The Role Of Women In Improving The Family Economy." Dinar: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Islam 8.1: 61-79. https://doi.org/10.21107/dinar.v8i1.10581

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
By submitting the manuscript, the author(s) agreed to these following terms:
(1) The copyright of received articles shall be assigned to J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies as the publisher of the journal. The intended copyright includes the right to publish articles in various forms (including reprint). J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies maintain the publishing rights to the published articles.
(2) Author(s) are permitted to disseminate published articles by sharing the link/DOI of the article at J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies. Author(s) are allowed to use their articles for any legal purposes deemed necessary without written permission from J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies with an acknowledgement of initial publication to this journal.
(3) Authors should sign a copyright transfer agreement when they have approved the final proofs sent by J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies prior to the publication.
(4) User/public use of this website will be licensed to Creative Commons Attribution-ShareALike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License.