The Legal Policy of Halal Certification: Institutional Compromise and Religious Values in Halal Product Assurance Law
Abstract
This article explores the legal question of how Indonesia's halal certification framework integrates religious standards into the state legal system while balancing constitutional values, administrative management, and economic considerations. It analyzes the political formation of Indonesia’s halal certification regime and identifies the institutional compromises and distribution of authority underlying its regulatory framework, using statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches. Data were analyzed qualitatively through legislative drafts, parliamentary debates, academic manuscripts, relevant legislation, and institutional documents. The results demonstrate that the government, especially the Indonesian Ulema Council, the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency, the Halal Inspection Institutions, pertinent ministries, and economic parties, negotiated the regime. The main compromise keeps administrative and religious authority apart: the Institutions perform halal inspections, the Agency organizes and manages halal product assurance, and the Council continues to play a major role in determining halal status through religious fatwas. This approach creates a hybrid regulatory model in which religious authority is not used as an independent regulating body but is instead institutionally integrated into a state-run certification system. According to the study's findings, this approach offers a constitutional way to accommodate religious beliefs without turning Indonesia's multicultural legal system into a legally religious one. To improve legal certainty and the efficacy of halal certification, it suggests enhancing inter-institutional collaboration, defining authority limits, and guaranteeing transparent and accountable procedures.
References
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Masri, Esther, Sigit Irianto, Yulies Tiena Masriani, Syauqi Muhammad, and Shobibul Falah. “Halal Product Assurance as Legal Protection for Muslim Consumers in Indonesia.” Al-Ahkam 35, no. 1 (2025): 205–34. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2025.35.1.26384.
Mawardi, Warsis, and Muchammad Ichsan. “Regulation of Halal Product Certification in The Dynamics of Indonesian Legal Politics.” Justicia Islamica: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial 20, no. 1 (2023): 175–92. https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v20i1.5336.
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Saefullah, Asep, Dede Burhanudin, Arif Syibromalisi, Saeful Bahri, and Hardivizon. “Religious Moderation and Halal Governance in Indonesia: A Wasatiyyah-Maslahah Framework.” Al-Instinbath Jurnal Hukum Islam 10, no. 2 (2025): 948–75. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v10i2.14554.
Sagita, Alda Meydiyana, and Sasmini. “Halal Certification Policy in Indonesia and the World Trade Organization.” International Journal of Integrated Science and Technology 2, no. 9 (2024): 795–810.
Sezgin, Yüksel, and Mirjam Kunkler. “Regulation of ‘ Religion ’ and the ‘ Religious ’ : The Politics of Judicialization and Bureaucratization in India and Indonesia.” Comparative Studies and History 56, no. 2 (2014): 448–78. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417514000103.
Shuhaimi, Amarul Arief Mohd, Muhammad Shahrim Ab Karim, Siti Fatimah Mohamad, Ungku Fatimah Ungku Zainal Abidin, and Mohd Mursyid Arshad. “A Review on Halal and Kosher Regulations , Certifications , and Industrial Practices.” International Journal of Academic Resarch in Business & Social Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 182–92. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i2/12175.
Sudi, Didih Muhamad. “Bridging Regulatory Diversity: Halal Certification Frameworks in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore and the Road to ASEAN Harmonisation.” Milkiyah: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 4, no. 1 (February 2024): 15–27. https://doi.org/10.46870/milkiyah.v4i1.1463.
Supriyadi, Supriyadi, Rahma Aulia, Labib Nubahai, Rozanah Ab Rahman, and Rosmah Mohamed. “Legal Effectiveness of Halal Product Certification in Improving Business Economics in Indonesia and Malaysia.” Al-Ahkam 34, no. 1 (April 2024): 193–220. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2024.34.1.20546.
Sutrisno, Nandang. “When Law and Morality Collide: The Indonesia’s Halal Act Case for Constitutional Pluralism.” Asia-Pacific Social Science Review 23, no. 1 (March 2023): 18–30. https://doi.org/10.59588/2350-8329.1483.
Syaiful Huda, Imam Arifa’illah, Maratun Saadah, Agus Sugiarto, Mohd Hairy Bin Ibrahim, Ravinesh Rohit Prasad, Alfyananda Kurnia Putra, and Ahyat Budianto. “Revealing Halal Certification Oversight Gaps for MSEs through ArcGIS Dashboard Integration.” Indonesian Journal of Halal Research 6, no. 2 (August 2024): 58–69. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijhar.v6i2.33308.
Wahyuni, Hana Catur, Iwan Vanany, Ivan Gunawan, and Julius Mulyono. “Improving Halalness and Food Safety Management Systems in the Indonesian Broiler Supply Chain: An Interpretive Structural Modeling and Bayesian Network Approach.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 16, no. 4 (March 2025): 1145–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-02-2023-0057.
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Angggraeni, Luciana, and R. Tanzil Fawaiq Sayyaf. “Critical Analysis of Islamic Family Law Reform: Corpus and Classification.” Media Syari’ah: Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam Dan Pranata Sosial 26, no. 2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.22373/jms.v26i2.26589.
Aritonang, Margaret S., and Ina Parlina. “MUI, Govt Wrangle over Halal Certification.” The Jakarta Post, 2014.
Artharini, Isyana. “Apakah Kewenangan Sertifikat Halal Dialihkan Dari MUI Ke Kementerian Agama?” BBC News Indonesia, 2016.
Atsari, Zahni Hafizh, Astrid Amidiaputri Hasyyati, Sindu Muhammad Maulana Bintang, and Muhamad Rizky Aulia Saputro. “Halal Certification Paradox: Legal Inconsistency on Pursuing Innovation and Halal Correlation in Indonesia.” Journal of Halal Product and Research 8, no. 2 (December 2025): 180–90. https://doi.org/10.20473/jhpr.vol.8-issue.2.180-190.
Bader, Veit. “Religion and the Myths of Secularization and Separation,” 2011.
Berman, Paul Schiff. “Global Legal Pluralism: A Jurisprudence of Law Beyond Borders (Introduction),” 2012.
Cochrane, Logan, Leslie A.Pal, and Ibtisam B. Ajour. “Religion and Regulatory Variance: Halal Regimes as Islamic Public Administration.” Public Administration and Development, 2025. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.70035.
Cotterrell, Roger. Law, Culture and Society. Asghate Publishing Limited Gower, 2006.
Dzukroni, Arisy Abror, Abu Hapsin, Nicolò Di Dio, and Abdurrahman Mas’ud. “Rethinking Religious Authority: Fatwa Committee, Scientific Expertise, and Politics of Halal Certification in Indonesia.” Al-Ahkam 36, no. 1 (April 2026): 105–32. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2026.36.1.29823.
Edi Susilo, and A. Kumedi Ja’far. “The Transformation of Halal Certification Policy in Indonesia.” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 9, no. 1 (May 2026): 284–309. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v9i1.31224.
Fibrianti, Nurul, R. Benny Riyanto, Ubaedul Mustofa, Shopia Clara Beauty Kusumawardhani, and Anik Novita. “Halal Certification: The Gap between Administrative Compliance and Consumer Protection.” Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 11, no. 1 (July 2026): 325–58. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v11i1.41884.
Fossum, John Erik. “Eurolegalism: The Transformation of Law and Regulation in the Europan Union by R. Daniel Kelemen.” Perspectives on Politics, 2012, 522–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592712000229.
Haag, Maximilian. “Bargaining Power in Informal Trilogues : Preference Cohesion and Bargaining Success.” European Union Politics 23, no. 2 (2022): 330–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/14651165211064485.
Halliday, Terence C, Gregory Shaffer, Terence C Halliday, and Gregory Shaffer. “Transnational Legal Orders,” 2015.
Humaidi, M. Wildan, Ridwan, and Mohd Mahyeddin Mohd Salleh. “State-Religion Relations and Halal Governance: Islamic Legal Policy in Indonesia and Malaysia.” Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 20, no. 1 (April 2026): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.24090/mnh.v20i1.15374.
Indonesia, Majelis Ulama. Hasil Keputusan Ijtima’ Ulama Komisi Fatwa Se-Indonesia IV tentang RUU Jaminan Produk Halal (1999).
Iswanto, Bambang. “Job Creation Law and Consequences in Determining Halâl Products: Analysis of the Halâl Product Fatwa Committee.” Al-’Adalah 20, no. 1 (June 2023): 179–210. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v20i1.16379.
Johan, Eva, and Hanna Schebesta. “Religious Regulation Meets International Trade Law : Halal Measures , a Trade Obstacle ? Evidence from the SPS and TBT Committees.” Journal of International Economic Law 117, no. 1 (2022): 61–73.
Kartika, Mimi. “RUU Tentang Perubahan Ketiga Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 33 Tahun 2014 Tentang Jaminan Produk Halal.” Sipinter, 2025.
Karyani, Etikah, Ira Geraldina, Marissa Grace Haque, and Ahmad Zahir. “Intention to Adopt a Blockchain-Based Halal Certification: Indonesia Consumers and Regulatory Perspective.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 15, no. 7 (June 2024): 1766–82. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2023-0069.
Kirunda, James, Helen Nabirye, and Ronald Muwanguzi. “Legal Pluralism in Postcolonial Nations : Reconciling Customary , Religious , and State Norms in Judicial Practices.” Rechtsnormen Journal of Law, 2024. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.70177/rjl.v3i2.2217.
Lahuri, Setiawan bin, Muhammad Rizal Pranoto, Imam Kamaluddin, Syamsuri Syamsuri, Eko Nur Cahyo, and Mirna Yusuf. “Halal Certification Governance in Indonesia: An Islamic Legal Appraisal Based on Maṣlaḥah Principles.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 24, no. 2 (December 2025): 233–47. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v24i2.15411.
Lukman, Adhi. “Food & Beverage Industy Indonesia Urges Revision Halal Guarantee.” Indonesia Invesstments, 2017.
Mandal, Saptarshi, and Sachin Dhawan. “Religious Family Law and Legal Change in Comparative Perspective.” Jindal Global Law Review 7, no. 1 (2016): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41020-016-0026-7.
Masri, Esther, Sigit Irianto, Yulies Tiena Masriani, Syauqi Muhammad, and Shobibul Falah. “Halal Product Assurance as Legal Protection for Muslim Consumers in Indonesia.” Al-Ahkam 35, no. 1 (2025): 205–34. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2025.35.1.26384.
Mawardi, Warsis, and Muchammad Ichsan. “Regulation of Halal Product Certification in The Dynamics of Indonesian Legal Politics.” Justicia Islamica: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Sosial 20, no. 1 (2023): 175–92. https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v20i1.5336.
Mustafid, Fuad, Khoiruddin Nasution, and Ali Sodiqin. “Positivization of the Council of Indonesian Ulema’s Halal Fatwa: Policy and Position in Indonesian Legislation.” JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 23, no. 1 (June 2024): 155–66. https://doi.org/10.31958/juris.v23i1.10859.
Nizar, Moh, and Mohammad Zaki Ahmad. “Halal Governance and Its Sociental Impact: A Comparative Study of Certification Regimes in Indonesia and Malaysia for Muslim Families.” El-Usrah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga 8, no. 2 (2025): 952–78. https://doi.org/10.22373/ujhk.v8i2.29191.
Nurdin, Muhammad Syarif, and Yusdani Rahman. “Sertifikasi Produk Halal Oleh BPJPH DIY Dengan Pendekatan Ekonomi Politik Perspektif Maqasid Syariah.” Equilibrium: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah 9, no. 1 (June 2021): 199–216. https://doi.org/10.21043/equilibrium.v9i1.9783.
Nurhasanah, Nurhasanah, Umar Al Haddad, Mohd Zaidi Daud, Bintan Dzumirroh Ariny, and Lucy Laksmi. “Challenges in Implementing Indonesia’s Halal Product Assurance Law: An Analysis of Legal Uncertainty, Supervisory Systems, and Legal Culture.” Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari’ah Dan Masyarakat 25, no. 2 (December 2025): 599–619. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v25i2.28633.
Pebriana, I Kadek Ade, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Udayana, Direktorat Hukum, Kementerian Perencanaan, Pembangunan Nasional, Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional, and Jakarta Pusat. “Politik Hukum Dan Reformasi Regulasi : Studi Komparatif Jerman Dan Korea Selatan Fanny Nafisah Hasibuan PENDAHULUAN Jerman Dan Korea Selatan Merupakan Dua Negara Yang Pernah Mengalami Permasalahan Tata Kelola Regulasi . Jerman Sendiri Pernah Mengalami Per.” Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM 33, no. January (2026): 114–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol33.iss1.art6.
Rusli, Rusli, Ubay Ubay, Murniati Ruslan, Maswani Maswani, and Rizqi Handayani. “The Secularization of Halal: State Bureaucracy vs Semantic Ethics in Indonesia’s Halal Governance.” AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah 26, no. 1 (June 2026): 165–82. https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v26i1.48658.
Saefullah, Asep, Dede Burhanudin, Arif Syibromalisi, Saeful Bahri, and Hardivizon. “Religious Moderation and Halal Governance in Indonesia: A Wasatiyyah-Maslahah Framework.” Al-Instinbath Jurnal Hukum Islam 10, no. 2 (2025): 948–75. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v10i2.14554.
Sagita, Alda Meydiyana, and Sasmini. “Halal Certification Policy in Indonesia and the World Trade Organization.” International Journal of Integrated Science and Technology 2, no. 9 (2024): 795–810.
Sezgin, Yüksel, and Mirjam Kunkler. “Regulation of ‘ Religion ’ and the ‘ Religious ’ : The Politics of Judicialization and Bureaucratization in India and Indonesia.” Comparative Studies and History 56, no. 2 (2014): 448–78. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417514000103.
Shuhaimi, Amarul Arief Mohd, Muhammad Shahrim Ab Karim, Siti Fatimah Mohamad, Ungku Fatimah Ungku Zainal Abidin, and Mohd Mursyid Arshad. “A Review on Halal and Kosher Regulations , Certifications , and Industrial Practices.” International Journal of Academic Resarch in Business & Social Sciences 12, no. 2 (2022): 182–92. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i2/12175.
Sudi, Didih Muhamad. “Bridging Regulatory Diversity: Halal Certification Frameworks in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore and the Road to ASEAN Harmonisation.” Milkiyah: Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah 4, no. 1 (February 2024): 15–27. https://doi.org/10.46870/milkiyah.v4i1.1463.
Supriyadi, Supriyadi, Rahma Aulia, Labib Nubahai, Rozanah Ab Rahman, and Rosmah Mohamed. “Legal Effectiveness of Halal Product Certification in Improving Business Economics in Indonesia and Malaysia.” Al-Ahkam 34, no. 1 (April 2024): 193–220. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2024.34.1.20546.
Sutrisno, Nandang. “When Law and Morality Collide: The Indonesia’s Halal Act Case for Constitutional Pluralism.” Asia-Pacific Social Science Review 23, no. 1 (March 2023): 18–30. https://doi.org/10.59588/2350-8329.1483.
Syaiful Huda, Imam Arifa’illah, Maratun Saadah, Agus Sugiarto, Mohd Hairy Bin Ibrahim, Ravinesh Rohit Prasad, Alfyananda Kurnia Putra, and Ahyat Budianto. “Revealing Halal Certification Oversight Gaps for MSEs through ArcGIS Dashboard Integration.” Indonesian Journal of Halal Research 6, no. 2 (August 2024): 58–69. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijhar.v6i2.33308.
Wahyuni, Hana Catur, Iwan Vanany, Ivan Gunawan, and Julius Mulyono. “Improving Halalness and Food Safety Management Systems in the Indonesian Broiler Supply Chain: An Interpretive Structural Modeling and Bayesian Network Approach.” Journal of Islamic Marketing 16, no. 4 (March 2025): 1145–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-02-2023-0057.
Widyawati, Widyawati. “KONFIGURASI POLITIK LEGISLASI JAMINAN PRODUK HALAL PERSPEKTIF FIQH SIYASAH.” Asy-Syari’ah 24, no. 1 (June 2022): 121–40. https://doi.org/10.15575/as.v24i1.18724.
Yana. “Pemerintah Mundurkan Wajib Halal Bagi UMK Dan Produk Impor, Ini Tanggapan LPPOM.” LPPOM, 2024.
Published
2026-09-30
How to Cite
WIJAYANTI, Septi Nur et al.
The Legal Policy of Halal Certification: Institutional Compromise and Religious Values in Halal Product Assurance Law.
Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, [S.l.], v. 26, n. 3, p. 300-324, sep. 2026.
ISSN 2407-6562.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jdh/article/view/19324>. Date accessed: 13 oct. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2026.26.3.19324.
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