Requirements for Political Party Participants and Political Party Institutionalization
Abstract
Political parties in Indonesia are required to fulfill several legal and organizational conditions that serve as benchmarks for their institutionalization and eligibility to participate in elections. This qualitative study explores how these requirements influence the institutionalization process of political parties by examining legal documents, government regulations, academic literature, reports, and media sources. The findings reveal that although the regulatory framework governing political parties has evolved significantly since the first post-reform elections, the current set of requirements still contains several weaknesses in promoting genuine institutional development. Many of the existing regulations remain administrative in nature and fail to address deeper issues such as internal democracy, party autonomy, and societal engagement. Consequently, the institutionalization of political parties in Indonesia remains superficial, often dominated by elite interests and weak public participation. This study suggests that a comprehensive evaluation of these requirements is necessary to align them with efforts that strengthen democratic values, practices, and culture. Enhancing the quality of party institutionalization is essential to ensure that political parties function as democratic and accountable institutions capable of supporting Indonesia’s democratic consolidation.
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Soekanto, Soerjono, and Sri Mamudji. Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta.: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2001.
Tomsa, Dirk. “Party System Fragmentation in Indonesia: The Subnational Dimension.” Journal of East Asian Studies 14, no. 2 (August 2014): 249–78. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800008924.
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Weissenbach, Kristina. Political Parties and Party Types - Conceptual Approaches to the Institutionalization of Political Parties in Transitional States: The Case of the Philippines. Philippines: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2010.
Zuchron, Daniel, and Dian Permata. “Penetapan Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu 2014 Dan 2019; Kajian Pengawasan Pemilu.” Jurnal Bawaslu DKI Jakarta, 2018.
Arifin, Gunawan, Virgayani Virgayani, Asriyani Asriyani, Muja’hidah Muja’hidah, and Jubair Jubair. “Enhancing The Role Of Political Parties In Advancing Political Education As A Foundation For Democracy.” Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 19, no. 1 (March 2025): 73–92. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v19no1.4026.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly. “Partai Politik Dan Pemilihan Umum Sebagai Instrumen Demokrasi.” Jurnal Konsitusi 3, no. 4 (2006): 6–27.
Athiyyatul Mufidah, and Abdullah Syarofi. “Hubungan Antara Demokrasi Partai Politik Dalam Pemilihan Umum Di Indonesia.” The Republic : Journal of Constitutional Law 2, no. 1 (April 2024): 35–51. https://doi.org/10.55352/htn.v2i1.868.
Baker, Jacqui. “Reformasi Reversal: Structural Drivers of Democratic Decline In Jokowi’s Middle-Income Indonesia.” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 59, no. 3 (September 2023): 341–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2023.2286020.
Budiatri, Aisah Putri. “The Impact of Local Parties on Party System Institutionalisation in Post-Conflict Aceh.” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 41, no. 1 (April 2022): 34–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034211029035.
Carey, John. “Party System Change: Approaches and Interpretations.” Political Science Quarterly 113, no. 4 (December 1998): 725–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/2658267.
Dahlerup, Drude. “Comparative Studies of Electoral Gender Quotas.” In The Implementation of Quotas: Latin American Experiences. International IDEA Workshop, 2003.
Efriza, NFN. “Eksistensi Partai Politik Dalam Persepsi Publik [The Existence of The Political Parties in Public Perception].” Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri Dan Hubungan Internasional 10, no. 1 (May 2019): 17–38. https://doi.org/10.22212/jp.v10i1.1314.
Farida, Ida, Refly Setiawan, and Asmaria Asmaria. “Political Parties and Party Systems in the Reform Era in Indonesia.” Comparative Politics Russia 12, no. 4 (2021): 157–62. https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2021-10047.
Fossati, Diego. “Electoral Reform and Partisan Dealignment in Indonesia.” International Political Science Review 41, no. 3 (June 2020): 349–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512119826389.
Ghafur, Jamaludin. “Diskusi Aktual | Verifikasi Parpol Pasca Putusan MK: Langkah Mundur Institusionalisasi Parpol?” Pusat Studi Hukum Konstitusi Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAFoNV7yyVo.
Gladdish, Ken. “Political Parties: Organisation and Power.” International Affairs 65, no. 3 (1989): 535–36. https://doi.org/10.2307/2621746.
Hariri, Achmad. “Implications Of The Abolition Of The Presidential Threshold For The Realization Of Substantial Democracy.” Lambung Mangkurat Law Journal 10, no. 1 (2025): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.59066/jmi.v2i2.401.7.
Hendrawan, Adrianus, Ward Berenschot, and Edward Aspinall. “Parties as Pay-off Seekers: Pre-Electoral Coalitions in a Patronage Democracy.” Electoral Studies 69 (February 2021): 102238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102238.
Herron, Erik S. “Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior.” Perspectives on Politics 3, no. 1 (March 2005): 192–93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592705560146.
Ibrahim, Johny. Teori Dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Malang: Bayumedia Publishing, 2007.
Juniar, Afif. “Redesain Demokrasi Internal Partai Politik: Upaya Mencegah Oligarki Dan Korupsi Partai Politik.” Jurnal Politikom Indonesiana 6, no. 1 (June 2021): 17–39. https://doi.org/10.35706/jpi.v6i1.4796.
Krook, Mona Lena. “Electoral Gender Quotas.” Comparative Political Studies 47, no. 9 (August 2014): 1268–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414013495359.
Levitsky, Steven. “Institutionalization and Peronism.” Party Politics 4, no. 1 (January 1998): 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068898004001004.
Lovenduski, Joni. “The Supply and Demand Model of Candidate Selection: Some Reflections.” Government and Opposition 51, no. 3 (July 2016): 513–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.7.
Luhukay, Roni Sulistyanto. “Revitalizing The Regeneration System Of Political Parties In Building Pancasila Democracy.” Jurnal Legalitas 17, no. 1 (May 2024): 81–97. https://doi.org/10.33756/jelta.v17i1.24897.
Negara, Siwage Dharma, and Francis E. Hutchinson. “The Impact of Indonesia‘s Decentralization Reforms Two Decades On: Introduction.” Southeast Asian Economies 38, no. 3 (2021): 289–95. https://doi.org/10.1355/ae38-3a.
Panebianco, Angelo. Political Parties: Organization and Power. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Peter Mahmud Marzuki. Penelitian Hukum. 13th ed. Jakarta: Kencana, 2017.
Rahat, Gideon, and Ofer Kenig. From Party Politics to Personalized Politics? From Party Politics to Personalized Politics?: Party Change and Political Personalization in Democracies. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808008.001.0001.
Randall, Vicky, and Lars Svåsand. “Party Institutionalization in New Democracies.” Party Politics 8, no. 1 (January 2002): 5–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068802008001001.
Scarrow, Susan E. “Political Parties and Democracy in Theoretical and Practical Perspectives: Implementing Intra-Party Democracy.” Political Parties and Democracy in Theoretical and Practical Perspectives, 2005.
Soekanto, Soerjono, and Sri Mamudji. Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta.: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2001.
Tomsa, Dirk. “Party System Fragmentation in Indonesia: The Subnational Dimension.” Journal of East Asian Studies 14, no. 2 (August 2014): 249–78. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800008924.
Ulum, Muhammad Bahrul. “Indonesian Democracy and Political Parties After Twenty Years of Reformation: A Contextual Analysis.” Indonesia Law Review 10, no. 1 (April 2020): 29–43. https://doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v10n1.577.
Weissenbach, Kristina. Political Parties and Party Types - Conceptual Approaches to the Institutionalization of Political Parties in Transitional States: The Case of the Philippines. Philippines: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2010.
Zuchron, Daniel, and Dian Permata. “Penetapan Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu 2014 Dan 2019; Kajian Pengawasan Pemilu.” Jurnal Bawaslu DKI Jakarta, 2018.
Published
2026-05-12
How to Cite
SYAM, Radian; WINDIYASTUTI, Feny.
Requirements for Political Party Participants and Political Party Institutionalization.
Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, [S.l.], v. 26, n. 2, p. 109-123, may 2026.
ISSN 2407-6562.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jdh/article/view/18493>. Date accessed: 13 june 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2026.26.2.18493.
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