The Algorithmic Dilemma: Online Gambling Blocking and Data Privacy in Indonesia's E-Government
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of online gambling in Indonesia has prompted the Ministry of Communication and Informatics to implement large-scale algorithmic blocking measures, creating a critical tension between cybersecurity enforcement and citizen data protection. This study investigates the unintended consequences of these automated blocking mechanisms on government digital infrastructure that hosts personal data. Using normative legal research methodology with a conceptual approach grounded in Gustav Radbruch's legal philosophy which emphasizes. The research analyzes primary legal materials, including the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and implementing regulations, supplemented by secondary data from policy documents and case studies of breached government websites. Results demonstrate that while algorithmic blocking has successfully reduced gambling site accessibility by over 80%, it has simultaneously compromised data security indiscriminately blocking compromised government portals without adequate due process mechanisms. The absence of transparent algorithmic criteria in the TRUST+Positif system and the lack of procedural safeguards have created legal uncertainty and disproportionate impacts on public service delivery. The study concludes that Indonesia's current approach prioritizes technical utility over justice and legal certainty, necessitating regulatory reforms that balance cybersecurity objectives with constitutional privacy protections through precision-based blocking, algorithmic transparency requirements, and independent oversight mechanisms to ensure digital governance that respects fundamental rights while effectively combating online gambling.
References
Billah, Nanda Putra, Imelia Febrianti, Suci Dwi Noviarum, and Vrisco Putra Vachruddin. “Analisis Strategi Penerapan Dan Dampak Permainan Judi Online Di Kalangan Masyarakat.” AL-MIKRAJ Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora (E-ISSN 2745-4584) 5, no. 2 (April 2025): 1243–54. https://doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v5i2.6757.
Cheng, Yanan, Yali Liu, Chao Li, Zhaoxin Zhang, Ning Li, and Yuejin Du. “In-Depth Evaluation of the Impact of National-Level DNS Filtering on DNS Resolvers over Space and Time.” Electronics 11, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 1276. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11081276.
Febriarni, Uli. “Transaksi Judi Online Tembus Ratusan Triliun, Pentingnya Peningkatan Kesadaran Atas Bahaya Judi Online.” Techverse Asia, June 2024.
Ferdian Atma Wijaya. “Upaya Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Perjudian Online.” JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL 4, no. 3 (September 2025): 63–73. https://doi.org/10.55606/jhpis.v3i4.4474.
Gainsbury, Sally, Jonathan Parke, and Niko Suhonen. “Consumer Attitudes towards Internet Gambling: Perceptions of Responsible Gambling Policies, Consumer Protection, and Regulation of Online Gambling Sites.” Computers in Human Behavior 29, no. 1 (January 2013): 235–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.08.010.
Gea, Ali Yusran. “Urgensi Landasan Filosofis, Sosiologis, Dan Yuridis Dalam Pembentukan Undang-Undang Di Indonesia.” UNES Law Review, 2024. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i4.2077.
Harefa, Arianus. “Upaya Penegakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pencegahan.” Jurnal Education and Development Institut Pendidikan Tapanuli Selatan 13, no. 1 (2025): 739–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37081/ed.v13i1.6906.
Izzuddin, Hammam, and Maria C. “PPATK: Ada 1 Juta Pemain Judi Online Di Indonesia Pada Kuartal Pertama 2025.” Tempo, May 2025.
Jadidah, Ines Tasya, Utami Milyarta Lestari, Keysha Alea Smanah Fatiha, Roja Riyani, Neli, and Cherrysa Ariesty Wulandari. “Analisis Maraknya Judi Online Di Masyarakat.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Budaya Indonesia 1, no. 1 (May 2023): 20–27. https://doi.org/10.61476/8xvgdb22.
Khan, Azfer A. “Reconceptualizing Policing for Cybercrime: Perspectives from Singapore.” Laws 13, no. 4 (July 2024): 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws13040044.
M. Bayu Widya Bagaskara, Muhamad jodi Setianto, and Made sugi Hartono. “PERAN KEPOISIAN DAAM MENGATASI TINDAK PIDANA JUDI ONLINE DI PROVINSI BALI.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sui Generis 4, no. 4 (April 2025). https://doi.org/10.23887/jih.v4i4.5036.
Meidaniasari, Annisa. “Teori Hukum Normatif Dalam Perspektif Aliran Pemikiran Neo Kantian.” Lex Renaissance 10, no. 1 (June 2025): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol10.iss1.art1.
Muntari, Amanda, and I Ketut Seregig. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Judi Online (Undang Undang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik) Di Provinsi Lampung (Studi Putusan Nomor: 871/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Tjk).” JALAKOTEK: Journal of Accounting Law Communication and Technology 1, no. 2 (July 2024): 192–99. https://doi.org/10.57235/jalakotek.v1i2.2194.
Naila Ainaiya, Alya Hadziqo Sae Saiffy, and Revienda Anita Fitrie. “Analisis Pengambilan Keputusan Kebijakan Dalam Penanganan Perjudian Online.” Eksekusi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Administrasi Negara 2, no. 2 (May 2024): 505–18. https://doi.org/10.55606/eksekusi.v2i2.1225.
Nyoman Nidia Sari Hayati, Sri Warjiyati, and Muwahid. “Analisis Yuridis Konsep Omnibus Law Dalam Harmonisasi Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan 16, no. 1 (June 2021): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.33059/jhsk.v16i1.2631.
PDSI KOMDIGI. “Transaksi Judi Online Kuartal Pertama 2025 Turun Hingga 80 Persen.” Komdigi.Co.Id, May 2025.
Perkasa, Anggada, and Kartina Pakpahan. “Kebijakan Penegak Hukum Dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Perjudian Melalui Media Elektronik Di Indonesia.” Sibatik Journal, 2023. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v2i7.1113.
PPATK. “Promensisko 2025: Menjawab Ancaman Judi Online Dan Kejahatan Digital Lewat Aksi.” Ppatk.Co.Id, May 2024.
Riis, Thomas. “A Model of ‘Rough Justice’ for Internet Intermediaries from the Perspective of EU Copyright Law.” Computer Law & Security Review 56 (April 2025): 106094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2024.106094.
Rizka Albar, Lukman Hakim Azma, Mahendar Dwi Payana, and M Bayu Wibawa. “Analisis Dan Implementasi Domain Name Sistem (Dns) Pada Router Os V6.48.3 Menggunakan Router Board Rb 301 Ui As-Rm Guna Memblokir Situs Judi Online Di Internet Analysis and Implementation of Domain Name System (Dns) on Router Os V6.48.3 Using Router Board.” Journal of Informatics and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33143/jics.v10i1.3905.
Robert Antonius, Achmad Rizky Zulkarnain, and Hafiz Irsyad. “Pendekatan TF-IDF, SMOTE, Dan SVM Dalam Klasifikasi Sentimen Masyarakat Terhadap Pemblokiran Judi Online.” Buletin Ilmiah Informatika Teknologi 2, no. 3 (June 2024): 115–22. https://doi.org/10.58369/biit.v2i3.65.
Rosidi, Ahamad, M Zainuddin, and Ismi Arifiana. “Metode Dalam Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dan Sosiologis (Field Research).” Journal Law and Government 2, no. 1 (February 2024): 46. https://doi.org/10.31764/jlag.v2i1.21606.
Ryu, Dojin, Seunghuk Lee, Sumi Yang, Jaeyeong Jeong, Yongjoon Lee, and Dongkyoo Shin. “Enhancing Cybersecurity in Energy IT Infrastructure Through a Layered Defense Approach to Major Malware Threats.” Applied Sciences 14, no. 22 (November 11, 2024): 10342. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210342.
Sembiring, Ruth Gladys, Madiasa Ablisar, Mahmud Mulyadi, and Jelly Leviza. “Penegakan Hukum Cybercrime Di Wilayah Hukum Kepolisian Daerah Sumatera Utara.” Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review, 2023. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56128/ljoalr.v2i3.145.
Seri Mughni Sulubara, Harry Fauzi, Bohari Muslim, M. Fadli Ferdiansyah Putra, and Musmulyadi Musmulyadi. “Judi Online Sebagai Cybercrime Serta Tantangan Penegakan Hukum Pidana Di Era Digital: Antara Regulasi, Pembuktian, Dan Ancaman Cybercrime.” Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora 4, no. 2 (May 2025): 539–52. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrish.v4i2.4990.
Suhaimi. “Problem Hukum Dan Pendekatan Dalam Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Jurnal Yustitia.” Jurnal Yustisia, 2018. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53712/yustitia.v19i2.477.
Yulianto, Muhammad, Guntari -Sekolah Titiek, Ilmu Tinggi, Iblam Hukum, and Titiek Guntari. “Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Perjudian Online Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik.” Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 2022. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v6i2.3334.
Zarsky, Tal. “The Trouble with Algorithmic Decisions.” Science, Technology, & Human Values 41, no. 1 (January 2016): 118–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243915605575.
Cheng, Yanan, Yali Liu, Chao Li, Zhaoxin Zhang, Ning Li, and Yuejin Du. “In-Depth Evaluation of the Impact of National-Level DNS Filtering on DNS Resolvers over Space and Time.” Electronics 11, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 1276. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11081276.
Febriarni, Uli. “Transaksi Judi Online Tembus Ratusan Triliun, Pentingnya Peningkatan Kesadaran Atas Bahaya Judi Online.” Techverse Asia, June 2024.
Ferdian Atma Wijaya. “Upaya Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Perjudian Online.” JURNAL HUKUM, POLITIK DAN ILMU SOSIAL 4, no. 3 (September 2025): 63–73. https://doi.org/10.55606/jhpis.v3i4.4474.
Gainsbury, Sally, Jonathan Parke, and Niko Suhonen. “Consumer Attitudes towards Internet Gambling: Perceptions of Responsible Gambling Policies, Consumer Protection, and Regulation of Online Gambling Sites.” Computers in Human Behavior 29, no. 1 (January 2013): 235–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.08.010.
Gea, Ali Yusran. “Urgensi Landasan Filosofis, Sosiologis, Dan Yuridis Dalam Pembentukan Undang-Undang Di Indonesia.” UNES Law Review, 2024. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i4.2077.
Harefa, Arianus. “Upaya Penegakan Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pencegahan.” Jurnal Education and Development Institut Pendidikan Tapanuli Selatan 13, no. 1 (2025): 739–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37081/ed.v13i1.6906.
Izzuddin, Hammam, and Maria C. “PPATK: Ada 1 Juta Pemain Judi Online Di Indonesia Pada Kuartal Pertama 2025.” Tempo, May 2025.
Jadidah, Ines Tasya, Utami Milyarta Lestari, Keysha Alea Smanah Fatiha, Roja Riyani, Neli, and Cherrysa Ariesty Wulandari. “Analisis Maraknya Judi Online Di Masyarakat.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Budaya Indonesia 1, no. 1 (May 2023): 20–27. https://doi.org/10.61476/8xvgdb22.
Khan, Azfer A. “Reconceptualizing Policing for Cybercrime: Perspectives from Singapore.” Laws 13, no. 4 (July 2024): 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws13040044.
M. Bayu Widya Bagaskara, Muhamad jodi Setianto, and Made sugi Hartono. “PERAN KEPOISIAN DAAM MENGATASI TINDAK PIDANA JUDI ONLINE DI PROVINSI BALI.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sui Generis 4, no. 4 (April 2025). https://doi.org/10.23887/jih.v4i4.5036.
Meidaniasari, Annisa. “Teori Hukum Normatif Dalam Perspektif Aliran Pemikiran Neo Kantian.” Lex Renaissance 10, no. 1 (June 2025): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.20885/JLR.vol10.iss1.art1.
Muntari, Amanda, and I Ketut Seregig. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Judi Online (Undang Undang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik) Di Provinsi Lampung (Studi Putusan Nomor: 871/Pid.Sus/2022/PN.Tjk).” JALAKOTEK: Journal of Accounting Law Communication and Technology 1, no. 2 (July 2024): 192–99. https://doi.org/10.57235/jalakotek.v1i2.2194.
Naila Ainaiya, Alya Hadziqo Sae Saiffy, and Revienda Anita Fitrie. “Analisis Pengambilan Keputusan Kebijakan Dalam Penanganan Perjudian Online.” Eksekusi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Administrasi Negara 2, no. 2 (May 2024): 505–18. https://doi.org/10.55606/eksekusi.v2i2.1225.
Nyoman Nidia Sari Hayati, Sri Warjiyati, and Muwahid. “Analisis Yuridis Konsep Omnibus Law Dalam Harmonisasi Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan 16, no. 1 (June 2021): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.33059/jhsk.v16i1.2631.
PDSI KOMDIGI. “Transaksi Judi Online Kuartal Pertama 2025 Turun Hingga 80 Persen.” Komdigi.Co.Id, May 2025.
Perkasa, Anggada, and Kartina Pakpahan. “Kebijakan Penegak Hukum Dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Perjudian Melalui Media Elektronik Di Indonesia.” Sibatik Journal, 2023. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v2i7.1113.
PPATK. “Promensisko 2025: Menjawab Ancaman Judi Online Dan Kejahatan Digital Lewat Aksi.” Ppatk.Co.Id, May 2024.
Riis, Thomas. “A Model of ‘Rough Justice’ for Internet Intermediaries from the Perspective of EU Copyright Law.” Computer Law & Security Review 56 (April 2025): 106094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2024.106094.
Rizka Albar, Lukman Hakim Azma, Mahendar Dwi Payana, and M Bayu Wibawa. “Analisis Dan Implementasi Domain Name Sistem (Dns) Pada Router Os V6.48.3 Menggunakan Router Board Rb 301 Ui As-Rm Guna Memblokir Situs Judi Online Di Internet Analysis and Implementation of Domain Name System (Dns) on Router Os V6.48.3 Using Router Board.” Journal of Informatics and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33143/jics.v10i1.3905.
Robert Antonius, Achmad Rizky Zulkarnain, and Hafiz Irsyad. “Pendekatan TF-IDF, SMOTE, Dan SVM Dalam Klasifikasi Sentimen Masyarakat Terhadap Pemblokiran Judi Online.” Buletin Ilmiah Informatika Teknologi 2, no. 3 (June 2024): 115–22. https://doi.org/10.58369/biit.v2i3.65.
Rosidi, Ahamad, M Zainuddin, and Ismi Arifiana. “Metode Dalam Penelitian Hukum Normatif Dan Sosiologis (Field Research).” Journal Law and Government 2, no. 1 (February 2024): 46. https://doi.org/10.31764/jlag.v2i1.21606.
Ryu, Dojin, Seunghuk Lee, Sumi Yang, Jaeyeong Jeong, Yongjoon Lee, and Dongkyoo Shin. “Enhancing Cybersecurity in Energy IT Infrastructure Through a Layered Defense Approach to Major Malware Threats.” Applied Sciences 14, no. 22 (November 11, 2024): 10342. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210342.
Sembiring, Ruth Gladys, Madiasa Ablisar, Mahmud Mulyadi, and Jelly Leviza. “Penegakan Hukum Cybercrime Di Wilayah Hukum Kepolisian Daerah Sumatera Utara.” Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review, 2023. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56128/ljoalr.v2i3.145.
Seri Mughni Sulubara, Harry Fauzi, Bohari Muslim, M. Fadli Ferdiansyah Putra, and Musmulyadi Musmulyadi. “Judi Online Sebagai Cybercrime Serta Tantangan Penegakan Hukum Pidana Di Era Digital: Antara Regulasi, Pembuktian, Dan Ancaman Cybercrime.” Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora 4, no. 2 (May 2025): 539–52. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrish.v4i2.4990.
Suhaimi. “Problem Hukum Dan Pendekatan Dalam Penelitian Hukum Normatif. Jurnal Yustitia.” Jurnal Yustisia, 2018. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53712/yustitia.v19i2.477.
Yulianto, Muhammad, Guntari -Sekolah Titiek, Ilmu Tinggi, Iblam Hukum, and Titiek Guntari. “Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Perjudian Online Ditinjau Dari Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik.” Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 2022. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v6i2.3334.
Zarsky, Tal. “The Trouble with Algorithmic Decisions.” Science, Technology, & Human Values 41, no. 1 (January 2016): 118–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243915605575.
Published
2026-02-28
How to Cite
ATMAJA, Vanessa Riarta; SHAHRULLAH, Rina; SITUMEANG, Ampuan.
The Algorithmic Dilemma: Online Gambling Blocking and Data Privacy in Indonesia's E-Government.
Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, [S.l.], v. 26, n. 1, p. 93-108, feb. 2026.
ISSN 2407-6562.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jdh/article/view/17845>. Date accessed: 20 mar. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2026.26.1.17845.
Issue
Section
Articles
1.jpg){kind=logo}
1.jpg)
