Reconstructing Cosmic Harmony: Singer, Indigenous Justice, and the Legal Pluralism of Forest Fire Governance among the Dayak Ngaju
Abstract
Recurring forest and land fires (Karhutla) in Central Kalimantan reveal not merely an environmental emergency, but a structural failure of Indonesia’s state-centered environmental law to deliver effective and socially legitimate ecological justice. This article critically examines how the Dayak Ngaju customary legal system challenges the dominance of punitive–administrative fire governance through singer sanctions and community-based adjudication, which frame forest fires as violations of collective ecological order rather than isolated criminal acts. Employing a socio-legal approach, the study combines doctrinal analysis of national environmental law with contextual examination of indigenous legal practices to expose the tension between state law and living customary law in the resolution of forest fires. The analysis demonstrates that, while state law prioritizes criminal liability and regulatory compliance, Dayak Ngaju customary law operates through restorative accountability, material compensation, and community responsibility aimed at restoring ecological balance. This article argues that the marginalization of indigenous legal mechanisms is not a neutral administrative choice, but a source of ecological injustice that perpetuates ineffective fire governance. Its central contribution lies in advancing a critical legal pluralism framework that repositions Dayak Ngaju customary law as a legally operative system capable of correcting the limitations of state environmental law. By foregrounding indigenous legal sovereignty as an analytical claim rather than a cultural footnote, this study offers a normative critique of Indonesia’s environmental governance and proposes a more context-sensitive pathway toward ecological justice grounded in legally recognized pluralism.
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Fernando, Zico Junius, Sirman Dahwal, Firdaus Arifin, Muhammad Azil Maskur, and Arini Azka Muthia. “Advancing Ecological Justice through the Integration of Eco-Religion in Criminal Law Reform.” Journal of Law, Environmental and Justice 3, no. 2 (July 2025): 160–200. https://doi.org/10.62264/JLEJ.V3I2.133.
Fernando, Zico Junius, and Muhammad Imanuddin. “Green Financial Crime in The Perspective of Islamic Law.” Khazanah Hukum 7, no. 2 (June 2025): 206–22. https://doi.org/10.15575/KH.V7I2.39211.
Flambonita, Suci. “The Concept of Legal Pluralism in Indonesia in The New Social Movement.” Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi 10, no. 3 (July 2021): 361–73. https://doi.org/10.20961/JAS.V10I0.45939.
Hamida, Nilna Aliyan. “Adat Law and Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Toward A New Perspective?” Indonesian Journal of Law and Society 3, no. 1 (March 2022): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.19184/IJLS.V3I1.26752.
Hardinanto, Aris, Barda Nawawi Arief, Joko Setiyono, Zico Junius Fernando, and Nahdiya Sabrina. “Critical Analysis of Living Law Formulation in Law No. 1 of 2023 Concerning the Criminal Code: Towards Law Reform to Realize Justice with the Spirit of Pancasila.” Journal of Law and Legal Reform 5, no. 3 (October 2024): 1029–66. https://doi.org/10.15294/JLLR.V5I3.13923.
Harniwati, Harniwati. “Hukum Adat Di Era Modernisasi.” Journal of Global Legal Review 2, no. 1 (April 2024): 41–52. https://doi.org/10.59963/JGLEGAR.V2I1.328.
Kajian Islam dan Budaya, Jurnal, M Riduan, Herry Porda Nugroho Putro, Nurhijrah Binti Zakaria, Brig Jend Hasan Basri, Kec Banjarmasin Utara, Kota Banjarmasin, and Kalimantan Selatan. “Socio-Religious Values in The Manyanggar Banua Ceremony in The Barikin Sungai Tengah Hulu Selatan Community Kalimantan, Indonesia.” IBDA` : Jurnal Kajian Islam Dan Budaya 22, no. 1 (April 2024): 73–88. https://doi.org/10.24090/IBDA.V22I1.10742.
Lin, Yuan, Lahiru S. Wijedasa, and Ryan A. Chisholm. “Singapore’s Willingness to Pay for Mitigation of Transboundary Forest-Fire Haze from Indonesia.” In Environmental Research Letters, 12:1–9. IOP Publishing, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/AA5CF6.
Mentria Cambah, Tahan. “Alam Adalah Keluarga: Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Ekologis Dalam Ritual Nahunan Suku Dayak Ngaju.” Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 20, no. 2 (April 2022): 210–18. https://doi.org/10.14710/JIL.20.2.210-218.
Mourya, Ravi Shanker, and Itishree Das. “Lok Purush Siddhant: Exploring the Reflection of the Universe in the Human Body.” Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 9, no. 11 (February 2024): 153–57. https://doi.org/10.21760/JAIMS.9.11.21.
Nazifah, Nazifah, Meri Yarni, and Muhammad Amin Nasution. “Indonesian Government Policy in Forest Fire Handling.” Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 6, no. 1 (April 2020): 210–18. https://doi.org/10.23887/JKH.V6I1.23471.
Oja, H., Fitriani, G. Samderubun, I. C. Laode, A. Y. Maturan, and A. Betaubun. “The Role of Indigenous Peoples (LMA) in The Control of Forest and Land Fires in Merauke.” In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 235:1–7. IOP Publishing, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/235/1/012061.
Picone, Gabriel, Assi José Carlos Kimou, and Désiré Kanga. “Medical Emergencies and Farm Productivity in Côte d’Ivoire.” Review of Development Economics 27, no. 3 (August 2023): 1630–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/RODE.12987.
Porto, Renan Nery. “Ecology Under The Falling Sky: Nature, Ecology and Entropy in Yanomami Cosmology.” The Anthropocene Review 11, no. 3 (December 2024): 509–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/20530196231211849.
Putri, Dwi, Mishari Kurniawati, Sri Hastjarjo, and Yulius Slamet. “Communication of Rituals and Traditional Ceremonies Dayak Ngaju Community in Central Kalimantan.” Formosa Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (February 2024): 103–18. https://doi.org/10.55927/FJST.V3I1.7533.
Putri, Yoke Shintia. “Analisis Perbuatan Yang Dapat Dikenakan Singer Menurut Hukum Adat Kalimantan Tengah Dalam Perspektif Hukum Perdata.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum “THE JURIS” VIII, no. 2 (2024): 599–606.
Rahayu, Riani. “3.436 Titik Karhutla Periode Januari-Oktober, 9.769 Hektare Lahan Terbakar.” www.detik.com, 2023.
Ratuanak, Andreas Maria Damasus, Sulistyowati Irianto, and Ratih Lestarini. “Customary Law or State Law: The Settlement of Marine Resource Disputes in The Kei Islands Community.” The Indonesian Journal of Socio-Legal Studies 2, no. 1 (September 2022): 2. https://doi.org/10.54828/ijsls.2022v2n1.2.
Reid, Colleen E., Michael Brauer, Fay H. Johnston, Michael Jerrett, John R. Balmes, and Catherine T. Elliott. “Critical Review of Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke Exposure.” Environmental Health Perspectives 124, no. 9 (September 2016): 1334–43. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP.1409277.
Sukti, Surya, Munib, Frenky, and Rachmadi. “The Manyanggar Tradition and Harmony of The Bakumpai Dayak Community in Central Kalimantan.” El-Mashlahah 12, no. 1 (June 2022): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.23971/ELMA.V12I1.3663.
Suprianto, Bibi, and Zulfikarni Bakri. “The Environmental Practices of Dayak Local Tradition in Kapuas Hulu District.” POROS ONIM: Jurnal Sosial Keagamaan 4, no. 1 (June 2023): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.53491/POROSONIM.V4I1.735.
Tamanaha, Brian Z. Legal Pluralism Explained: History, Theory, Consequences. Legal Pluralism Explained: History, Theory, Consequences. Oxford University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190861551.001.0001.
Traveloka. “10 Upacara Adat Kalimantan Tengah, Suku Dayak,” 2024.
Widen, Kumpiady, Hendrik Segah, Jl Yos Sudarso, Kec Jekan Raya, and Kota Palangka Raya. “Culture-Based Justice: Legal Decisions on Forest and Land Fires by Indigenous People with Local Wisdom Approach in the Middle Sentence.” Journal of The Community Development in Asia 7, no. 3 (September 2024): 294–311. https://doi.org/10.32535/JCDA.V7I3.3165.
Wulandari, Cahya, Esmi Warassih Pujirahayu, Edward Omar Sharif Hiariej, Muhamad Sayuti Hassan, and Juan Anthonio Kambuno. “Penal Mediation: Criminal Case Settlement Process Based on the Local Customary Wisdom of Dayak Ngaju.” Lex Scientia Law Review 6, no. 1 (2022): 70. https://doi.org/10.15294/LESREV.V6I1.54896.
Yulianti, Yulianti, Rupita Rupita, Syarifah Ema Rahmaniah, Syarmiati Syarmiati, and Sudirman Sudirman. “Impact of Forest and Land Fires on Environmental Pollution and Public Health in Sungai Raya Sub-District, Kubu Raya District.” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science 2, no. 02 (March 2024): 787–800. https://doi.org/10.59653/IJMARS.V2I02.742.
Zhang, Ying, Sylvain G. Leblanc, Francis Canisius, Haoyu Fang, Maxim Fortin, and Julie Lovitt. “Post-Wildfire Vegetation Cover Change Mapping for Assessments of Secondary Disaster Risks Toward Urban Areas: Case of Fort McMurray 2016.” Spie Digital Library 13198 (November 2024): 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3027009.
Zico Junius Fernando et al. “Eco-Democracy: Advancing Sustainable Governance Through Green Politics.” Proceeding APHTN-HAN 2, no. 1 (December 2024): 231–72. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.AAL4863.
Published
2026-01-31
How to Cite
PUTRA, Nuredy Irwansyah; SANTOSO, Wahyu Yun.
Reconstructing Cosmic Harmony: Singer, Indigenous Justice, and the Legal Pluralism of Forest Fire Governance among the Dayak Ngaju.
Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, [S.l.], v. 26, n. 1, p. 20-37, jan. 2026.
ISSN 2407-6562.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jdh/article/view/17762>. Date accessed: 26 feb. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2026.26.1.17762.
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