Comparing the Separation of Powers in Indonesia and Russia: Constitutional Structures and Political Impacts
Abstract
The distribution of power in Indonesia and Russia shows differences in the implementation of the principle of separation of powers. Indonesia, as a unitary state with a presidential system, faces challenges in maintaining balance between the central and regional governments. Meanwhile, Russia, as a federal state with a semi-presidential system, remains centralized, with executive power largely dominated by the president. This study aims to analyze the model of power distribution in the constitutional law of Indonesia and the Russian Federation based on their respective governmental systems, as well as to identify the advantages, disadvantages, and implications for government stability in both countries. This research employs a normative legal method with a statutory, comparative, and conceptual approach to analyze the power distribution model in Indonesia and Russia based on their constitutions and relevant regulations, using library research techniques and qualitative analysis. The findings indicate that the power distribution models in Indonesia and Russia differ according to their respective governmental systems. Indonesia adopts a presidential system with strong checks and balances between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, while Russia follows a semi-presidential system that grants dominant authority to the president. Indonesia emphasizes power balance through democracy and decentralization, though it faces challenges such as political gridlock and slow bureaucracy. Conversely, Russia enjoys stronger political stability due to executive dominance, but at the risk of weakening checks and balances and limiting political freedoms. Thus, the governmental systems in both countries have their own advantages and disadvantages in influencing stability and governance effectiveness.
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Chandranegara, I. S. (2016). GENEALOGY OF CHECKS AND BALANCES FORMULA ON THE CONSTITUTION. Proceedings The 2nd International Multidisciplinary Conference 2016, 1(1).
Chariza, A. T., & Bangsawan, M. I. (2023). Reviewing Montesquiue’s Thoughts on Trias Politica and Its Relevance to Article 6A paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia: Securing Freedom and Preventing Authoritarianism. Proceeding International Conference Restructuring and Transforming Law, 2(2).
Choudhry, S., & Stacey, R. (2014). Semi-Presidentialism as Power Sharing: Constitutional reform after the Arab Spring.
Earl, J., Maher, T. V., & Pan, J. (2022). The digital repression of social movements, protest, and activism: A synthetic review. Science Advances, 8(10). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abl8198
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Ferizaldi. (2016). Dinamika Otonomi Daerah di Indonesia. Unimal Press.
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J. Moleong, L. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Lewis, D. G. (2020). Russia’s New Authoritarianism. Edinburgh University Press.
Marpaung, L. A. (2013). The Comparison Between Indonesian Constitutional Court and Russian Constitutional Court. 1st International Conference on Law, Business and Governance.
Marzuki, P. M. (2021). Penelitian Hukum: Edisi Revisi. Kencana.
Mawardi, M. A. (2008). PENGAWASAN DAN KESEIMBANGAN ANTARA DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAN PRIZSIDEN DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA. Universitas Islam Indonesia.
McAfee, C. (2023). Semi-Presidentialism: A Pathway to Democratic Backslidefile:///C:/Users/ERLIN/OneDrive/Documents/semi-presidentialism-as-power-sharing-constitutional-reform-after-the-arab-spring.pdf. The Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs.
Muhaimin. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Mataram University Press.
Nadkarni, V., D’Anieri, P., Kerr, S., Sharafutdinova, G., Pu, X., Ollapally, D. M., Velasco Junior, P., Moore, C., & Divsallar, A. (2024). Forum: The Russia–Ukraine War and Reactions from the Global South. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 17(4), 449–489. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poae021
Noviati, C. E. (2016). Demokrasi dan Sistem Pemerintahan. Jurnal Konstitusi, 10(2), 333. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1027
Oktavira, B. A. (2024). Kekuasaan Eksekutif, Legislatif, dan Yudikatif di Indonesia. Hukum Online. https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/kekuasaan-eksekutif-legislatif-yudikatif-lt628dfc34715c9/
Paendong, O. M. (2022). KEDUDUKAN DAN KEWENANGAN PEMERINTAH PUSAT TERHADAP OTONOMI KHUSUS PROVINSI PAPUA MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2021 TENTANG PERUBAHAN KEDUA ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2001 TENTANG OTONOMI KHUSUS BAGI PROVINSI PAPUA. Lex Privatum, 10(2).
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Rafiqi, I. D. (2022). Perbandingan Konstitusi Negara Indonesia Dan Rusia. Widya Yuridika, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.31328/wy.v5i1.3561
Rauta, U. (2016). Menggagas Pemilihan Presiden yang Demokratis dan Aspiratif. Jurnal Konstitusi, 11(3), 600. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk11310
Riskiyono, J. (2015). PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KESEJAHTERAAN. Aspirasi: Jurnal Masalah-Masalah Sosial, 6(2).
Sari, D. W. (2023). Perbandingan Konstitusi dan Kelembagaan antara Indonesia dengan Rusia berdasarkan Sistem dan Mekanisme Hak Asasi Manusia. Literasi Hukum Indonesia.
Sedelius, T., Mashtaler, O., & Raunio, T. (2024). Semi-presidentialism and war: executive leadership models in Ukraine during Zelenskyi’s presidency. East European Politics, 40(4), 658–683. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2024.2369978
Shugart, M. S. (2005). Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns. French Politics, 3(3), 323–351. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087
Silaban, V., & Kosariza. (2021). KEDUDUKAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA. Limbago: Journal of Constitutional Law, 1(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22437/limbago.v1i1.8636
Stivachtis, Y. A. (2015). Liberal democracy, market economy, and international conduct as standards of ‘civilization’ in contemporary international society: The case of Russia’s entry into the ‘community of civilized states.’ Journal of Eurasian Studies, 6(2), 130–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2015.04.001
Sudirman. (2014). KEDUDUKAN PRESIDEN DALAM SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN PRESIDENSIAL (Telaah Terhadap Kedudukan dan Hubungan Presiden dengan Lembaga Negara yang Lain dalam Undang-Undang Dasar NRI Tahun 1945). Brawijaya Law Student Journal.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: CV. Alfabeta.
Suparto, S. (2019). Teori Pemisahan Kekuasaan dan Konstitusi Menurut Negara Barat dan Islam. Hukum Islam, 19(1), 134. https://doi.org/10.24014/hi.v19i1.7044
Suryanto. (2006). IMPLIKASI IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN DESENTRALISASI DAN OTONOMI DAERAH TERHADAP HUBUNGAN KEUANGAN PUSAT – DAERAH. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 2(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v2i3.154
Susilo, D., & Roesli, M. (2018). KONSEP PEMERINTAHAN INDONESIA MENURUT UUD 1945. Himbar Yustitia: Jurnal Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 2(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52166/mimbar.v2i1.1385
Syahfitri, C. N., Setiawan, I., & Putri, N. K. (2021). PENERAPAN SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI PENDEKATAN BERBASIS TEORI MAUPUN PRAKTIK. Tata Kelola Pemerintahan Daerah, 13(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33701/jiapd.v13i1.2036
Tsanava, L. (2017). The Power Balance Issues in the Semi-Presidential Republic. Journal of Law, 1.
Tuminez, A. S. (2003). Nationalism, Ethnic Pressures, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union. Journal of Cold War Studies, 5(4), 81–136. https://doi.org/10.1162/152039703322483765
Tutik, T. T. (2021). Position and Functions of Judges in Enforcing the Supreme of the Law: Case Study of Code of Ethics Violation by Judge. Walisongo Law Review (Walrev), 3(2), 185–222. https://doi.org/10.21580/walrev.2021.3.2.9996
Utomo, N. A. (2016). Dinamika Hubungan Antara Pengujian Undang-Undang dengan Pembentukan Undang-Undang. Jurnal Konstitusi, 12(4), 825. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1248
Watts, L. (2008). Comparing federal systems. 3rd editions. London, McGill-Quees University Press.
Yunus, N. R. (2017). Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensial Negara Federasi Rusia. ’ADALAH, 1(8). https://doi.org/10.15408/adalah.v1i8.9122
Yunus, N. R. (2021). Constitutional Law: Implikasi Bentuk Negara, Bentuk Pemerintahan dan Sistem Pemerintahan Terhadap Sistem Bernegara Federasi Rusia. Adalah: Buletin Hukum Dan Keadilan, 5(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15408/adalah.v5i1.38425
Yunus, N. R. (2022). Constitutional Law: Sistem Kontrol Wilayah Dengan Pembentukan Distrik Federal di Negara Rusia. ADALAH, 6(1), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.15408/adalah.v6i1.26610
Yusrialis, Y. (2012). BUDAYA BIROKRASI PEMERINTAHAN ( Keperihatinan dan Harapan ). Jurnal Sosial Budaya, 9(1). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/sb.v9i1.372
Published
2025-05-31
How to Cite
SAPUTRA, Imran Eka; RAHMAN, Ali; BEGISHEV, Ildar.
Comparing the Separation of Powers in Indonesia and Russia: Constitutional Structures and Political Impacts.
Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, [S.l.], v. 25, n. 2, p. 146-165, may 2025.
ISSN 2407-6562.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jdh/article/view/15655>. Date accessed: 02 june 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2025.25.2.15655.
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