Politics and Green Financial Crime: Envisioning a Sustainable Democratic Future in Indonesia
Abstract
The Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center (PPATK) in Indonesia has uncovered a significant issue concerning illegal financial transactions linked to environmental crimes. They have identified that approximately 1 trillion Rupiah, obtained from such green financial crimes, is being funnelled into political parties for the 2024 elections. This discovery is particularly alarming, as it raises serious concerns about the integrity of the democratic process and the sustainability of the nation's political future. The PPATK's findings indicate that this illegal funding comes from various environmental crimes, including illegal logging and other environmentally damaging activities. The fact that these funds are being used to finance political campaigns implies a deeply concerning intersection between environmental crime and political corruption. This situation exemplifies a broader category of 'green financial crime', where environmental exploitation is directly linked to illicit financial gains. Results This research investigates the implications of these financial irregularities for the country's commitment to environmental conservation and the development of green policies. It discusses the broader implications for Indonesia's democratic order and urges a re-evaluation of current political funding mechanisms, advocating for transparent and accountable practices to ensure electoral integrity and promote a sustainable democratic future. The importance of collective action, involving civil society, policymakers, and international partners, to address the linkages between politics, democracy, and green financial crime ultimately protects Indonesia's democratic values and environmental heritage.
References
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Garcia, Letícia Couto, Danilo Bandini Ribeiro, Fabio De Oliveira Roque, Jose Manuel Ochoa-Quintero, and William F. Laurance. “Brazil’s Worst Mining Disaster: Corporations Must Be Compelled to Pay The Actual Environmental Costs.” Ecological Applications 27, no. 1 (January 2017): 5–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/EAP.1461.
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Krishnan, Chandrashekhar. “Tackling Corruption in Political Party Financing: Lessons from Global Regulatory Practices.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014, 1–41. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2433257.
Kumar, Nitish. “Understanding the Complexity of Compliance: The Development and Influence of the European Union’s Anti-Money Laundering Directives on Worldwide Finance.” SSRN Electronic Journal, January 2024, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.4800714.
Larsen, Mathias Lund. “Bottom-Up Market-Facilitation and Top-Down Market-Steering: Comparing and Conceptualizing Green Finance Approaches in The EU and China.” Asia Europe Journal 21, no. 1 (2023): 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-023-00663-z.
Larsen, Mikkel, and Iain Henderson. “Green and Sustainable Finance,” 280–89, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95726-5_75.
Muganyi, Tadiwanashe, Linnan Yan, and Hua-ping Sun. “Green Finance, Fintech and Environmental Protection: Evidence from China.” Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 7 (July 2021): 100107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2021.100107.
Mugarura, Norman. “Uncoupling The Relationship Between Corruption and Money Laundering Crimes.” Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 24, no. 1 (February 2016): 74–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-01-2014-0002.
Mujkic, Edin, and Donald Klingner. “Dieselgate: How Hubris and Bad Leadership Caused the Biggest Scandal in Automotive History.” Public Integrity 21, no. 4 (July 2019): 365–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1522180.
Parks, Perry. “Silent Spring , Loud Legacy: How Elite Media Helped Establish an Environmentalist Icon.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 94, no. 4 (December 2017): 1215–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699017696882.
Peoples, Clayton D., and Samantha M. Both. “Campaign Contributions as Crime: The Case of Contribution Influence on US Economic and Environmental Policy.” State Crime Journal 11, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.13169/statecrime.11.2.0237.
PPATK. “Tipologi Pencucian Uang Berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Atas Perkara Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Tahun 2020,” 2021, 1–124.
Ramakrishna, Kilaparti. “North-South Issues, the Common Heritage of Mankind and Global Environmental Change.” In Global Environmental Change and International Relations, 145–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21816-5_8.
Risalah, Dian Fath. “Greenpeace: Aliran Dana Kejahatan Rp 1 Triliun Untuk Anggota Parpol Angka Yang Kecil.” Republika, 2023.
Ruggiero, Vincenzo. “Sustainability and Financial Crime.” International Criminology 2, no. 2 (2022): 143–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43576-022-00052-3.
Sauni, Herawan, Zico Junius Fernando, and Septa Candra. “Energi Geothermal Dalam Aturan, Masalah Lingkungan Hidup Dan Solusi Penyelesaian Konflik Di Masyarakat.” Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 11, no. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v11i3.969.
Schuetze, Franziska, and Jan Stede. “EU Sustainable Finance Taxonomy – What Is Its Role on the Road towards Climate Neutrality?” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020, 1–37. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3749900.
Sihabudin, Indah Dwi Qurbani, and Nabila Aulia Rahma. “Strategic Analysis of Green Finance Crime To Strengthen Green Economy in Emerging Markets.” Corporate Law and Governance Review 6, no. 2 (2024): 32–41. https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv6i2p3.
Slobodian, Lydia, and Ariadni Chatziantoniou. “The Lacey Act as A Model for Wildlife Trade Legislation.” In Forum on Crime and Society, 43–67. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2019. https://doi.org/10.18356/f431feff-en.
Spapens, Toine, Rob White, and Marieke Kluin. Environmental Crime and Its Victims. Edited by Toine Spapens, Rob White, and Marieke Kluin. Environmental Crime and Its Victims: Perspectives within Green Criminology. Routledge, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315580005.
Spapens, Toine, Rob White, and Daan van Uhm. Green Crimes and Dirty Money. Edited by Toine Spapens, Rob White, Daan van Uhm, and Wim Huisman. Green Crimes and Dirty Money. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Green criminology: Routledge, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351245746.
Steffen, Bjarne. “A Comparative Analysis of Green Financial Policy Output in OECD Countries.” Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 7 (2021): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac0c43.
Travis, Anthony S. “Silent Spring at 50: Earth, Water, and Air.” Ambix 59, no. 2 (July 2012): 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1179/174582312X13345259995886.
Tyagi, Shiva. “What Comes Next: Responding to Recommendations from The Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD).” The APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 633. https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ17179.
Vitorio Mantaelan, Diamianty Meiliana. “Bawaslu Teken MoU Dengan PPATK Soal Pencucian Uang Dan Pengawasan Dana Kampanye Pemilu 2024.” kompas.com, 2023.
Wiggins, Rosalind Z., Michael Wedow, and Andrew Metrick. “European Banking Union A: The Single Supervisory Mechanism.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2577316.
Yahya, Achmad Nasrudin. “PPATK Temukan Rp 1 Triliun Hasil Kejahatan Mengalir Ke Politisi, Pakar: Bahaya Sekali.” Kompas, 2023.
Yakubu, Sirajo. “Combating The Laundering of Proceeds of Crime in The United Kingdom: An Analysis of The Criminal Finances Act 2017.” Amicus Curiae, no. 112 (October 2019): 43–48. https://doi.org/10.14296/ac.v2017i112.5045.
Zaccone, Maria Cristina, and Matteo Pedrini. “ESG Factor Integration into Private Equity.” Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 2020): 5725. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145725.
Alekseenko, Aleksandr P. “Legal Regulation of the Use of Distributed Ledger Technologies in Financial Sector of Singapore.” Revista de Investigaciones Universidad Del Quindío 34, no. S2 (2022): 381–91. https://doi.org/10.33975/riuq.vol34ns2.957.
Argandoña, Antonio. “Political Party Funding and Business Corruption.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2006, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.887890.
Baker, Andrew. “Restraining Regulatory Capture? Anglo-America, Crisis Politics and Trajectories of Change in Global Financial Governance.” International Affairs 86, no. 3 (May 2010): 647–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2010.00903.x.
Bergenas, Johan, and Ariella Knight. “Green Terror: Environmental Crime and Illicit Financing.” SAIS Review of International Affairs 35, no. 1 (March 2015): 119–31. https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.2015.0004.
Broek, Mr. Van den. Preventing Money Laundering: A Legal Study on the Effectiveness of Supervision in the European Union. Eleven International Publishing, 2015.
Cooper, Andrew Fenton, and J.-Stefan Fritz. “Bringing the NGOs in: UNCED and Canada’s International Environmental Policy.” International Journal: Canada’s Journal of Global Policy Analysis 47, no. 4 (December 1992): 796–817. https://doi.org/10.1177/002070209204700406.
Dasgupta, Dipak, Espagne Etienne, Jean-Charles Hourcade, Irving Minzer, Seyni Nafo, Baptiste Perissin-Fabert, Nick Robins, and Alfredo Sirkis. “Did the Paris Agreement Plant the Seeds of a Climate Consistent International Financial Regime?” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2815396.
Dezalay, Sara, and Simon Archer. “By-Passing Sovereignty: Trafigura Lawsuits (Re Ivory Coast).” Global Private International Law: Adjudication without Frontiers, January 2019, 92–116. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788119238.00014.
Effendi, Erdianto, Zico Junius Fernando, Ariesta Wibisono Anditya, and M. Jeffri Arlinandes Chandra. “Trading in Influence (Indonesia): A Critical Study.” Cogent Social Sciences 9, no. 1 (December 2023). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2231621.
Endriana, Muchamad Satria, Yusriadi, Ana Silviana, and Zico Junius Fernando. “Green Financial Crime: Expose About Financial Crime In The Environment And Renewable Energy World.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1270, no. 1 (December 2023): 012012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1270/1/012012.
Erbstoesser, E. R., J. H. Sturc, and J. W.F. Chesley. “The FCPA and Analogous Foreign Anti-Bribery Laws Overview, Recent Developments, and Acquisition Due Diligence.” Capital Markets Law Journal 2, no. 4 (September 2007): 381–403. https://doi.org/10.1093/cmlj/kmm025.
Fernando, Zico Junius, Kiki Kristanto, Ariesta Wibisono Anditya, Sawitri Yuli Hartati, and Agri Baskara. “Robot Lawyer in Indonesian Criminal Justice System: Problems and Challenges for Future Law Enforcement.” Lex Scientia Law Review 7, no. 2 (November 2023): 489–528. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v7i2.69423.
Garcia, Letícia Couto, Danilo Bandini Ribeiro, Fabio De Oliveira Roque, Jose Manuel Ochoa-Quintero, and William F. Laurance. “Brazil’s Worst Mining Disaster: Corporations Must Be Compelled to Pay The Actual Environmental Costs.” Ecological Applications 27, no. 1 (January 2017): 5–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/EAP.1461.
Georgeson, Lucien, and Mark Maslin. “Putting The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Into Practice: A Review of Implementation, Monitoring, and Finance.” Geo: Geography and Environment 5, no. 1 (January 2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/geo2.49.
Hamada, Yukihiko, and Khushbu Agrawal. Political Finance Reforms: How to Respond to Today’s Policy Challenges? Political Finance Reforms: How to Respond to Today’s Policy Challenges? International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2020. https://doi.org/10.31752/idea.2020.68.
Hasselmann, Klaus, and Terry Barker. “The Stern Review and the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Implications for Interaction between Policymakers and Climate Experts. An Editorial Essay.” Climatic Change 89, no. 3–4 (August 2008): 219–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-008-9435-8.
Krishnan, Chandrashekhar. “Tackling Corruption in Political Party Financing: Lessons from Global Regulatory Practices.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014, 1–41. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2433257.
Kumar, Nitish. “Understanding the Complexity of Compliance: The Development and Influence of the European Union’s Anti-Money Laundering Directives on Worldwide Finance.” SSRN Electronic Journal, January 2024, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.4800714.
Larsen, Mathias Lund. “Bottom-Up Market-Facilitation and Top-Down Market-Steering: Comparing and Conceptualizing Green Finance Approaches in The EU and China.” Asia Europe Journal 21, no. 1 (2023): 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-023-00663-z.
Larsen, Mikkel, and Iain Henderson. “Green and Sustainable Finance,” 280–89, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95726-5_75.
Muganyi, Tadiwanashe, Linnan Yan, and Hua-ping Sun. “Green Finance, Fintech and Environmental Protection: Evidence from China.” Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 7 (July 2021): 100107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2021.100107.
Mugarura, Norman. “Uncoupling The Relationship Between Corruption and Money Laundering Crimes.” Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 24, no. 1 (February 2016): 74–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-01-2014-0002.
Mujkic, Edin, and Donald Klingner. “Dieselgate: How Hubris and Bad Leadership Caused the Biggest Scandal in Automotive History.” Public Integrity 21, no. 4 (July 2019): 365–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2018.1522180.
Parks, Perry. “Silent Spring , Loud Legacy: How Elite Media Helped Establish an Environmentalist Icon.” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 94, no. 4 (December 2017): 1215–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699017696882.
Peoples, Clayton D., and Samantha M. Both. “Campaign Contributions as Crime: The Case of Contribution Influence on US Economic and Environmental Policy.” State Crime Journal 11, no. 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.13169/statecrime.11.2.0237.
PPATK. “Tipologi Pencucian Uang Berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Atas Perkara Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang Tahun 2020,” 2021, 1–124.
Ramakrishna, Kilaparti. “North-South Issues, the Common Heritage of Mankind and Global Environmental Change.” In Global Environmental Change and International Relations, 145–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21816-5_8.
Risalah, Dian Fath. “Greenpeace: Aliran Dana Kejahatan Rp 1 Triliun Untuk Anggota Parpol Angka Yang Kecil.” Republika, 2023.
Ruggiero, Vincenzo. “Sustainability and Financial Crime.” International Criminology 2, no. 2 (2022): 143–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43576-022-00052-3.
Sauni, Herawan, Zico Junius Fernando, and Septa Candra. “Energi Geothermal Dalam Aturan, Masalah Lingkungan Hidup Dan Solusi Penyelesaian Konflik Di Masyarakat.” Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 11, no. 3 (2022). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v11i3.969.
Schuetze, Franziska, and Jan Stede. “EU Sustainable Finance Taxonomy – What Is Its Role on the Road towards Climate Neutrality?” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020, 1–37. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3749900.
Sihabudin, Indah Dwi Qurbani, and Nabila Aulia Rahma. “Strategic Analysis of Green Finance Crime To Strengthen Green Economy in Emerging Markets.” Corporate Law and Governance Review 6, no. 2 (2024): 32–41. https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv6i2p3.
Slobodian, Lydia, and Ariadni Chatziantoniou. “The Lacey Act as A Model for Wildlife Trade Legislation.” In Forum on Crime and Society, 43–67. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2019. https://doi.org/10.18356/f431feff-en.
Spapens, Toine, Rob White, and Marieke Kluin. Environmental Crime and Its Victims. Edited by Toine Spapens, Rob White, and Marieke Kluin. Environmental Crime and Its Victims: Perspectives within Green Criminology. Routledge, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315580005.
Spapens, Toine, Rob White, and Daan van Uhm. Green Crimes and Dirty Money. Edited by Toine Spapens, Rob White, Daan van Uhm, and Wim Huisman. Green Crimes and Dirty Money. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Green criminology: Routledge, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351245746.
Steffen, Bjarne. “A Comparative Analysis of Green Financial Policy Output in OECD Countries.” Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 7 (2021): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac0c43.
Travis, Anthony S. “Silent Spring at 50: Earth, Water, and Air.” Ambix 59, no. 2 (July 2012): 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1179/174582312X13345259995886.
Tyagi, Shiva. “What Comes Next: Responding to Recommendations from The Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD).” The APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 633. https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ17179.
Vitorio Mantaelan, Diamianty Meiliana. “Bawaslu Teken MoU Dengan PPATK Soal Pencucian Uang Dan Pengawasan Dana Kampanye Pemilu 2024.” kompas.com, 2023.
Wiggins, Rosalind Z., Michael Wedow, and Andrew Metrick. “European Banking Union A: The Single Supervisory Mechanism.” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2577316.
Yahya, Achmad Nasrudin. “PPATK Temukan Rp 1 Triliun Hasil Kejahatan Mengalir Ke Politisi, Pakar: Bahaya Sekali.” Kompas, 2023.
Yakubu, Sirajo. “Combating The Laundering of Proceeds of Crime in The United Kingdom: An Analysis of The Criminal Finances Act 2017.” Amicus Curiae, no. 112 (October 2019): 43–48. https://doi.org/10.14296/ac.v2017i112.5045.
Zaccone, Maria Cristina, and Matteo Pedrini. “ESG Factor Integration into Private Equity.” Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 2020): 5725. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145725.
Published
2024-12-02
How to Cite
PUTRA, Yagie Sagita et al.
Politics and Green Financial Crime: Envisioning a Sustainable Democratic Future in Indonesia.
Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, [S.l.], v. 24, n. 3, p. 387-413, dec. 2024.
ISSN 2407-6562.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jdh/article/view/15576>. Date accessed: 29 june 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2024.24.3.15576.
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