Social Reintegration Model for Juvenile Prisoners: An Indonesian Perspective
Abstract
This study explores the coaching model applied to juvenile recidivist juveniles in Pekanbaru to achieve successful social reintegration. Using a qualitative approach through interviews, observation, and documentation, coupled with relying on the Nvivo 12 Plus analysis tool for data coding, this study deeply understood the model of fostering juvenile recidivists. The research findings show that the coaching model for recidivists in Pekanbaru includes rehabilitation, education and skills approaches, social support, reintegration into society, supervision and monitoring, strengthening the youth justice system, and education about law and consequences. It is effective in helping children improve themselves and avoid criminal behaviour. A holistic approach focusing on understanding the causes of problems, empowerment, and positive social support is the key to their successful social reintegration.
References
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Davis, Lois, Robert Bozick, Jennifer Steele, Jessica Saunders, and Jeremy Miles. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education: A Meta-Analysis of Programs That Provide Education to Incarcerated Adults. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education: A Meta-Analysis of Programs That Provide Education to Incarcerated Adults, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7249/rr266.
Davis, Maryann, Ashli J. Sheidow, and Michael R. McCart. “Reducing Recidivism and Symptoms in Emerging Adults with Serious Mental Health Conditions and Justice System Involvement.” Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research42, no. 2 (2015): 172–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-014-9425-8.
Denning, Rebecca, and Ross Homel. Pathways and Crime Prevention. Edited by Alan France and Ross Homel. Pathways and Crime Prevention: Theory, Policy and Practice. Willan, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781843926481.
Fox, Andrew M., Dylan Miksicek, Sarah Veele, and Beth Rogers. “An Evaluation of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Juveniles in Secure Residential Facilities.” Journal of Offender Rehabilitation59, no. 8 (2020): 478–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2020.1808557.
Goldson, Barry, Chris Cunneen, Sophie Russell, David Brown, Eileen Baldry, Melanie Schwartz, and Damon Briggs. Youth Justice and Penality in Comparative Context. Youth Justice and Penality in Comparative Context, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351242134.
Guilherme, Eduardo Alves, and Ricardo Alberto Moreno. “Mood Disorders Among Adolescents in Conflict With The Law and in Custody.” Psychiatry, Psychology and Law31, no. 1 (2024): 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2175065.
Heilbrun, K., W. Brock, D. Waite, A. Lanier, M. Schmid, G. Witte, M. Keeney, M. Westendorf, L. Buinavert, and M. Shumate. “Risk Factors for Juvenile Criminal Recidivism: The Postrelease Community Adjustment of Juvenile Offenders.” Criminal Justice and Behavior27, no. 3 (2000): 275–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854800027003001.
Herz, Denise C., Joseph P. Ryan, and Shay Bilchik. “Challenges Facing Crossover Youth: An Examination of Juvenile-Justice Decision Making and Recidivism.” Family Court Review48, no. 2 (2010): 305–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2010.01312.x.
Khan, Tehseenullah, Muhammad Hamza Zakir, and Syed Hammad Khan. “Nurturing Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Youth Offenders in the Pakistani Justice System: An Analysis of Juvenile Probation Officers.” Journal of Asian Development Studies12, no. 4 (2023): 916–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2023.12.4.72.
Kury, Helmut, Slawomir Redo, and Evelyn Shea. Women and Children as Victims and Offenders: Background, Prevention, Reintegration. Women and Children as Victims and Offenders: Background, Prevention, Reintegration, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08398-8.
LaBerge, Alyssa, Caitlin Cavanagh, and Elizabeth Cauffman. “Juvenile Justice-and Dual System-Involved Youth: The Role of Primary Caregiver Monitoring Habits on Juvenile Recidivism.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency61, no. 2 (March 18, 2024): 303–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224278221132546.
Lee, Wanhee, Keeyoon Noh, Seung Hyun Lee, and Chang Bae Lee. “Responsibility and Recidivism: An Event History Analysis of South Korean Juvenile Cases.” Children and Youth Services Review98 (2019): 154–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.12.003.
Martinez, Damian J., and Laura S. Abrams. “Informal Social Support Among Returning Young Offenders: A Metasynthesis of The Literature.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology57, no. 2 (2013): 169–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X11428203.
Mathur, Sarup R., and Heather Griller Clark. “Community Engagement for Reentry Success of Youth from Juvenile Justice: Challenges and Opportunities.” Education and Treatment of Children37, no. 4 (2014): 713–34. https://doi.org/10.1353/etc.2014.0034.
McReynolds, Larkin S., Craig S. Schwalbe, and Gail A. Wasserman. “The Contribution of Psychiatric Disorder to Juvenile Recidivism.” Criminal Justice and Behavior37, no. 2 (February 4, 2010): 204–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854809354961.
Menon, Sujeeta Elizabeth, and Monit Cheung. “Desistance-Focused Treatment and Asset-Based Programming for Juvenile Offender Reintegration: A Review of Research Evidence.” Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal35, no. 5 (2018): 459–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-018-0542-8.
Mianita, Hilda. “The Role of the Family and Social Networks as Agents of Social Control in Correctional Institution Class I (A Case Study in Sukamiskin, Bandung).” Ilomata International Journal of Social Science4, no. 3 (July 2023): 390–402. https://doi.org/10.52728/ijss.v4i3.820.
Mitra, Arpita. “Developing Transitional Justice for Youth: An Assessment of Youth Reintegration Programmes in Colombia.” International Journal of Transitional Justice16, no. 1 (2022): 82–100. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijab038.
Narvey, Chelsey, Jennifer Yang, Kevin T. Wolff, Michael Baglivio, and Alex R. Piquero. “The Interrelationship Between Empathy and Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Impact on Juvenile Recidivism.” Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice19, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 45–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204020939647.
Nemoyer, Amanda, Elizabeth Gale-Bentz, Kelley Durham, Suraji Wagage, and Naomi E.S. Goldstein. “Adverse Juvenile Probation Supervision Outcomes: Noncompliance, Revocation, and Failure to Appear at Review Hearings.” Criminal Justice and Behavior47, no. 2 (2020): 145–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854819889077.
Novo-Corti, Isabel, and María Barreiro-Gen. “Walking From Imprisonment Towards True Social Integration: Getting a Job as a Key Factor.” Journal of Offender Rehabilitation54, no. 6 (2015): 445–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2015.1055036.
Olsson, Tina M., Niklas Långström, Therése Skoog, Cecilia Andrée Löfholm, Lina Leander, Agneta Brolund, Anna Ringborg, Pia Nykänen, Anneth Syversson, and Knut Sundell. “Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Noninstitutional Psychosocial Interventions to Prevent Juvenile Criminal Recidivism.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology89, no. 6 (2021): 514–27. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000652.
Pappas, Laceé N., and Amy L. Dent. “The 40-Year Debate: A Meta-Review on What Works for Juvenile Offenders.” Journal of Experimental Criminology19, no. 1 (2023): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-021-09472-z.
Powell, Zachary A., Jessica M. Craig, Alex R. Piquero, Michael T. Baglivio, and Nathan Epps. “Delinquent Youth Concentration and Juvenile Recidivism.” Deviant Behavior42, no. 7 (2021): 821–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2019.1701622.
Prayitno, Kuat Puji, Dwiki Oktobrian, and Jaco Barkhuizen. “Addressing Prison Education and the Obstacles in Ensuring the Right to Education in Indonesian Juvenile Correctional Facilities.” Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights7, no. 2 (December 7, 2023): 123. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v7i2.42656.
Sbeglia, Colleen, Cortney Simmons, Grace Icenogle, Marsha Levick, Monica Peniche, Jordan Beardslee, and Elizabeth Cauffman. “Life after Life: Recidivism Among Individuals Formerly Sentenced to Mandatory Juvenile Life Without Parole.” Journal of Research on Adolescence, no. 2023 (2024): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12989.
Sîrca, V. “Social Reintegration of Juvenile Delinquents in the Light of the Restaurative Justice.” Fiat Iustitia1, no. 2 (2018): 256–74. http://fiatiustitia.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/395-Article-Text-768-1-10-20190404.pdf.
Smithson, Hannah, and Anna Jones. “Co-Creating Youth Justice Practice with Young People: Tackling Power Dynamics and Enabling Transformative Action.” Children and Society35, no. 3 (2021): 348–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12441.
Snehil, Gupta, and Rajesh Sagar. “Juvenile Justice System, Juvenile Mental Health, and the Role of MHPs: Challenges and Opportunities.” Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine42, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 304–10. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_82_20.
Steiner, Benjamin, and Emily Wright. “Assessing The Relative Effects of State Direct File Waiver Laws on Violent Juvenile Crime: Deterrence or Irrelevance?” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology96, no. 4 (2006): 1451–78. https://doi.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-3596.
Stouwe, Trudy van der, Jessica J. Asscher, Machteld Hoeve, Peter H. van der Laan, and Geert Jan J. M. Stams. “Follow-up of a Social Skills Training (SST) for Juvenile Delinquents: Effects on Reoffending.” Journal of Experimental Criminology15, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 243–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-018-9340-8.
Strnadová, Iva, Therese M Cumming, and Sue C O’Neill. “Young People Transitioning from Juvenile Justice to the Community: Transition Planning and Interagency Collaboration.” Current Issues in Criminal Justice29, no. 1 (2017): 19–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2017.12036083.
Trang, Nguyen Minh, and Pham Minh Khoi. “Difficulties in Reintergration of Young Ex-Offenders.” International Journal of Education and Social Science Research06, no. 04 (2023): 353–69. https://doi.org/10.37500/IJESSR.2023.6425.
Tuncer, Ayşe E., Gizem Erdem, and Corine de Ruiter. “The Impact of a Brief RNR-Based Training on Turkish Juvenile Probation Officers’ Punitive and Rehabilitative Attitudes and Recidivism Risk Perceptions.” Journal of Community Psychology48, no. 3 (2020): 921–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22310.
Vooren, Melvin, Iryna Rud, Ilja Cornelisz, Chris Van Klaveren, Wim Groot, and Henriëtte Maassen van den Brink. “The Effects of a Restorative Justice Programme (Halt) on Educational Outcomes and Recidivism of Young People.” Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2022, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-022-09502-4.
Vuk, Mateja, Brandon K. Applegate, Heather M. Ouellette, Riane M. Bolin, and Eva Aizpurua. “The Pragmatic Public? The Impact of Practical Concerns on Support for Punitive and Rehabilitative Prison Policies.” American Journal of Criminal Justice45, no. 2 (2020): 273–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-019-09507-2.
Walker, Sarah Cusworth, and Jerald R. Herting. “The Impact of Pretrial Juvenile Detention on 12-Month Recidivism: A Matched Comparison Study.” Crime and Delinquency66, no. 13–14 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128720926115.
Wasserman, Gail A., Katherine S. Elkington, Gail Robson, and Faye Taxman. “Bridging Juvenile Justice And Behavioral Health Systems: Development of a Clinical Pathways Approach to Connect Youth at Risk for Suicidal Behavior to Care.” Health & Justice9, no. 1 (December 2021): 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-021-00164-4.
Yohros, Alexis. “Examining the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Juvenile Recidivism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Trauma, Violence, and Abuse24, no. 3 (2023): 1640–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211073846.
Young, Brae, and Jillian J. Turanovic. “What About the Kids? Examining the Visitation-Recidivism Relationship Among Incarcerated Juveniles.” Youth and Society54, no. 7 (2022): 1126–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211036724.
Zajac, Kristyn, Ashli J. Sheidow, and Maryann Davis. “Juvenile Justice, Mental Health, and The Transition to Adulthood: A Review of Service System Involvement and Unmet Needs in The U.S.” Children and Youth Services Review56, no. 1 (September 2015): 139–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.07.014.
Zelaya, Arely M. “A Review of Common Treatments and Their Effectiveness to Reduce Juvenile Recidivism.” The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2020. https://www.proquest.com/openview/6dc6ba86bed852fd0a373de1b5a1bfc4/1?cbl=44156&pq-origsite=gscholar.
Zettler, Haley R. “Much to Do About Trauma: A Systematic Review of Existing Trauma-Informed Treatments on Youth Violence and Recidivism.” Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice19, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 113–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204020939645.
Barrett, David E., and Antonis Katsiyannis. “Juvenile Delinquency Recidivism: Are Black and White Youth Vulnerable to the Same Risk Factors?” Behavioral Disorders, 2015. https://doi.org/10.17988/0198-7429-40.3.184.
Berghuis, Maria. “Reentry Programs for Adult Male Offender Recidivism and Reintegration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology62, no. 14 (2018): 4655–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X18778448.
Carney, Michelle M., and Frederick Buttell. “Reducing Juvenile Recidivism: Evaluating the Wraparound Services Model.” Research on Social Work Practice13, no. 5 (September 1, 2003): 551–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731503253364.
Davis, Lois, Robert Bozick, Jennifer Steele, Jessica Saunders, and Jeremy Miles. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education: A Meta-Analysis of Programs That Provide Education to Incarcerated Adults. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education: A Meta-Analysis of Programs That Provide Education to Incarcerated Adults, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7249/rr266.
Davis, Maryann, Ashli J. Sheidow, and Michael R. McCart. “Reducing Recidivism and Symptoms in Emerging Adults with Serious Mental Health Conditions and Justice System Involvement.” Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research42, no. 2 (2015): 172–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-014-9425-8.
Denning, Rebecca, and Ross Homel. Pathways and Crime Prevention. Edited by Alan France and Ross Homel. Pathways and Crime Prevention: Theory, Policy and Practice. Willan, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781843926481.
Fox, Andrew M., Dylan Miksicek, Sarah Veele, and Beth Rogers. “An Evaluation of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Juveniles in Secure Residential Facilities.” Journal of Offender Rehabilitation59, no. 8 (2020): 478–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2020.1808557.
Goldson, Barry, Chris Cunneen, Sophie Russell, David Brown, Eileen Baldry, Melanie Schwartz, and Damon Briggs. Youth Justice and Penality in Comparative Context. Youth Justice and Penality in Comparative Context, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351242134.
Guilherme, Eduardo Alves, and Ricardo Alberto Moreno. “Mood Disorders Among Adolescents in Conflict With The Law and in Custody.” Psychiatry, Psychology and Law31, no. 1 (2024): 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2175065.
Heilbrun, K., W. Brock, D. Waite, A. Lanier, M. Schmid, G. Witte, M. Keeney, M. Westendorf, L. Buinavert, and M. Shumate. “Risk Factors for Juvenile Criminal Recidivism: The Postrelease Community Adjustment of Juvenile Offenders.” Criminal Justice and Behavior27, no. 3 (2000): 275–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854800027003001.
Herz, Denise C., Joseph P. Ryan, and Shay Bilchik. “Challenges Facing Crossover Youth: An Examination of Juvenile-Justice Decision Making and Recidivism.” Family Court Review48, no. 2 (2010): 305–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2010.01312.x.
Khan, Tehseenullah, Muhammad Hamza Zakir, and Syed Hammad Khan. “Nurturing Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Youth Offenders in the Pakistani Justice System: An Analysis of Juvenile Probation Officers.” Journal of Asian Development Studies12, no. 4 (2023): 916–27. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62345/jads.2023.12.4.72.
Kury, Helmut, Slawomir Redo, and Evelyn Shea. Women and Children as Victims and Offenders: Background, Prevention, Reintegration. Women and Children as Victims and Offenders: Background, Prevention, Reintegration, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08398-8.
LaBerge, Alyssa, Caitlin Cavanagh, and Elizabeth Cauffman. “Juvenile Justice-and Dual System-Involved Youth: The Role of Primary Caregiver Monitoring Habits on Juvenile Recidivism.” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency61, no. 2 (March 18, 2024): 303–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224278221132546.
Lee, Wanhee, Keeyoon Noh, Seung Hyun Lee, and Chang Bae Lee. “Responsibility and Recidivism: An Event History Analysis of South Korean Juvenile Cases.” Children and Youth Services Review98 (2019): 154–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.12.003.
Martinez, Damian J., and Laura S. Abrams. “Informal Social Support Among Returning Young Offenders: A Metasynthesis of The Literature.” International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology57, no. 2 (2013): 169–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X11428203.
Mathur, Sarup R., and Heather Griller Clark. “Community Engagement for Reentry Success of Youth from Juvenile Justice: Challenges and Opportunities.” Education and Treatment of Children37, no. 4 (2014): 713–34. https://doi.org/10.1353/etc.2014.0034.
McReynolds, Larkin S., Craig S. Schwalbe, and Gail A. Wasserman. “The Contribution of Psychiatric Disorder to Juvenile Recidivism.” Criminal Justice and Behavior37, no. 2 (February 4, 2010): 204–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854809354961.
Menon, Sujeeta Elizabeth, and Monit Cheung. “Desistance-Focused Treatment and Asset-Based Programming for Juvenile Offender Reintegration: A Review of Research Evidence.” Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal35, no. 5 (2018): 459–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-018-0542-8.
Mianita, Hilda. “The Role of the Family and Social Networks as Agents of Social Control in Correctional Institution Class I (A Case Study in Sukamiskin, Bandung).” Ilomata International Journal of Social Science4, no. 3 (July 2023): 390–402. https://doi.org/10.52728/ijss.v4i3.820.
Mitra, Arpita. “Developing Transitional Justice for Youth: An Assessment of Youth Reintegration Programmes in Colombia.” International Journal of Transitional Justice16, no. 1 (2022): 82–100. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijab038.
Narvey, Chelsey, Jennifer Yang, Kevin T. Wolff, Michael Baglivio, and Alex R. Piquero. “The Interrelationship Between Empathy and Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Impact on Juvenile Recidivism.” Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice19, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 45–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204020939647.
Nemoyer, Amanda, Elizabeth Gale-Bentz, Kelley Durham, Suraji Wagage, and Naomi E.S. Goldstein. “Adverse Juvenile Probation Supervision Outcomes: Noncompliance, Revocation, and Failure to Appear at Review Hearings.” Criminal Justice and Behavior47, no. 2 (2020): 145–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854819889077.
Novo-Corti, Isabel, and María Barreiro-Gen. “Walking From Imprisonment Towards True Social Integration: Getting a Job as a Key Factor.” Journal of Offender Rehabilitation54, no. 6 (2015): 445–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509674.2015.1055036.
Olsson, Tina M., Niklas Långström, Therése Skoog, Cecilia Andrée Löfholm, Lina Leander, Agneta Brolund, Anna Ringborg, Pia Nykänen, Anneth Syversson, and Knut Sundell. “Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Noninstitutional Psychosocial Interventions to Prevent Juvenile Criminal Recidivism.” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology89, no. 6 (2021): 514–27. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000652.
Pappas, Laceé N., and Amy L. Dent. “The 40-Year Debate: A Meta-Review on What Works for Juvenile Offenders.” Journal of Experimental Criminology19, no. 1 (2023): 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-021-09472-z.
Powell, Zachary A., Jessica M. Craig, Alex R. Piquero, Michael T. Baglivio, and Nathan Epps. “Delinquent Youth Concentration and Juvenile Recidivism.” Deviant Behavior42, no. 7 (2021): 821–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2019.1701622.
Prayitno, Kuat Puji, Dwiki Oktobrian, and Jaco Barkhuizen. “Addressing Prison Education and the Obstacles in Ensuring the Right to Education in Indonesian Juvenile Correctional Facilities.” Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights7, no. 2 (December 7, 2023): 123. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v7i2.42656.
Sbeglia, Colleen, Cortney Simmons, Grace Icenogle, Marsha Levick, Monica Peniche, Jordan Beardslee, and Elizabeth Cauffman. “Life after Life: Recidivism Among Individuals Formerly Sentenced to Mandatory Juvenile Life Without Parole.” Journal of Research on Adolescence, no. 2023 (2024): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12989.
Sîrca, V. “Social Reintegration of Juvenile Delinquents in the Light of the Restaurative Justice.” Fiat Iustitia1, no. 2 (2018): 256–74. http://fiatiustitia.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/395-Article-Text-768-1-10-20190404.pdf.
Smithson, Hannah, and Anna Jones. “Co-Creating Youth Justice Practice with Young People: Tackling Power Dynamics and Enabling Transformative Action.” Children and Society35, no. 3 (2021): 348–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12441.
Snehil, Gupta, and Rajesh Sagar. “Juvenile Justice System, Juvenile Mental Health, and the Role of MHPs: Challenges and Opportunities.” Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine42, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 304–10. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_82_20.
Steiner, Benjamin, and Emily Wright. “Assessing The Relative Effects of State Direct File Waiver Laws on Violent Juvenile Crime: Deterrence or Irrelevance?” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology96, no. 4 (2006): 1451–78. https://doi.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-3596.
Stouwe, Trudy van der, Jessica J. Asscher, Machteld Hoeve, Peter H. van der Laan, and Geert Jan J. M. Stams. “Follow-up of a Social Skills Training (SST) for Juvenile Delinquents: Effects on Reoffending.” Journal of Experimental Criminology15, no. 2 (June 13, 2019): 243–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-018-9340-8.
Strnadová, Iva, Therese M Cumming, and Sue C O’Neill. “Young People Transitioning from Juvenile Justice to the Community: Transition Planning and Interagency Collaboration.” Current Issues in Criminal Justice29, no. 1 (2017): 19–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2017.12036083.
Trang, Nguyen Minh, and Pham Minh Khoi. “Difficulties in Reintergration of Young Ex-Offenders.” International Journal of Education and Social Science Research06, no. 04 (2023): 353–69. https://doi.org/10.37500/IJESSR.2023.6425.
Tuncer, Ayşe E., Gizem Erdem, and Corine de Ruiter. “The Impact of a Brief RNR-Based Training on Turkish Juvenile Probation Officers’ Punitive and Rehabilitative Attitudes and Recidivism Risk Perceptions.” Journal of Community Psychology48, no. 3 (2020): 921–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22310.
Vooren, Melvin, Iryna Rud, Ilja Cornelisz, Chris Van Klaveren, Wim Groot, and Henriëtte Maassen van den Brink. “The Effects of a Restorative Justice Programme (Halt) on Educational Outcomes and Recidivism of Young People.” Journal of Experimental Criminology, 2022, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-022-09502-4.
Vuk, Mateja, Brandon K. Applegate, Heather M. Ouellette, Riane M. Bolin, and Eva Aizpurua. “The Pragmatic Public? The Impact of Practical Concerns on Support for Punitive and Rehabilitative Prison Policies.” American Journal of Criminal Justice45, no. 2 (2020): 273–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-019-09507-2.
Walker, Sarah Cusworth, and Jerald R. Herting. “The Impact of Pretrial Juvenile Detention on 12-Month Recidivism: A Matched Comparison Study.” Crime and Delinquency66, no. 13–14 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128720926115.
Wasserman, Gail A., Katherine S. Elkington, Gail Robson, and Faye Taxman. “Bridging Juvenile Justice And Behavioral Health Systems: Development of a Clinical Pathways Approach to Connect Youth at Risk for Suicidal Behavior to Care.” Health & Justice9, no. 1 (December 2021): 36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-021-00164-4.
Yohros, Alexis. “Examining the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Juvenile Recidivism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Trauma, Violence, and Abuse24, no. 3 (2023): 1640–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211073846.
Young, Brae, and Jillian J. Turanovic. “What About the Kids? Examining the Visitation-Recidivism Relationship Among Incarcerated Juveniles.” Youth and Society54, no. 7 (2022): 1126–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X211036724.
Zajac, Kristyn, Ashli J. Sheidow, and Maryann Davis. “Juvenile Justice, Mental Health, and The Transition to Adulthood: A Review of Service System Involvement and Unmet Needs in The U.S.” Children and Youth Services Review56, no. 1 (September 2015): 139–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.07.014.
Zelaya, Arely M. “A Review of Common Treatments and Their Effectiveness to Reduce Juvenile Recidivism.” The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2020. https://www.proquest.com/openview/6dc6ba86bed852fd0a373de1b5a1bfc4/1?cbl=44156&pq-origsite=gscholar.
Zettler, Haley R. “Much to Do About Trauma: A Systematic Review of Existing Trauma-Informed Treatments on Youth Violence and Recidivism.” Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice19, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 113–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204020939645.
Published
2024-12-02
How to Cite
RINALDI, Kasmanto.
Social Reintegration Model for Juvenile Prisoners: An Indonesian Perspective.
Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, [S.l.], v. 24, n. 3, p. 360-386, dec. 2024.
ISSN 2407-6562.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jdh/article/view/15575>. Date accessed: 30 june 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2024.24.3.15575.
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