ETIOLOGI DIAGNOSIS DAN MANAJEMEN SUMBATAN JALAN NAPAS
Abstract
Airway obstruction is an emergency condition characterized by occlusion of the lumen of the airway caused by various etiologies, ranging from benign to malignant. Cases of airway obstruction require immediate management starting from an immediate evaluation of the patient’s condition, establishing a diagnosis of etiology and severity, and planning the most appropriate management. Awake intubation, tracheostomy incision, also balloon and stent placement are still quite effective and recommended in various guidelines. Trained medical personnel are essential for the success of the management process of patients with airway obstruction. The high mortality rate makes this condition require attention and treatment as early as possible. The literature review aims to discuss the etiology of airway obstruction that is often encountered in health facilities, as well as the diagnostic modalities and selection of appropriate managements.
References
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Dhingra, P. and Dhingra, S. (2018) Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat & Head and Neck Surgery. 7th edn. Elsevier.
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Fusco, P. et al. (2018) ‘Awake tracheostomy in a patient with acute upper airway obstruction: an emergency application of an elective percutaneous procedure’, Open Access Emerg Med, 11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2147%2FOAEM.S201079.
Guedes, F. et al. (2022) ‘Central airway obstruction: is it time to move forward?’, BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 22(68). Available at: https://bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12890-022-01862-x.
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Iyoda, A. et al. (2021) ‘Contributions of Airway Stent for Long-term Outcome in Patients With Malignant Central Airway Stenosis or Obstruction’, Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology, 28(3). Available at: https://journals.lww.com/bronchology/abstract/2021/07000/contributions_of_airway_stent_for_long_term.10.aspx.
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Kim, D.K. et al. (2023) ‘Balloon Bronchoplasty for the Treatment of Bronchial Stenosis After Lung Transplantation: A Single-Center 10-Year Experience’, Korean J Radiol, 24(5), pp. 424–33. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3348%2Fkjr.2022.0999.
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Manrique, G. et al. (2020) ‘Effectiveness of steroids versus placebo in preventing upper airway obstruction after extubation in critically ill children: rationale and design of a multicentric, double-blind, randomized study’, Trials [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13063-020-4218-2.
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Myatt, H.M. and Beckenham, E.J. (2000) ‘The use of diagnostic sleep nasendoscopy in the management of children with complex upper airway obstruction’, Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci, 25(3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2273.2000.00323.x.
Ng, J.S.K. and See, K.C. (2023) ‘Management of central airway obstruction’, Singapore Med J, 64(8). Available at: https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fsingaporemedj.SMJ-2022-194.
Oberg, C.L., Holden, V.K. and Channick, C.L. (2018) ‘Benign Central Airway Obstruction’, Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 39(6). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676574.
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Paramaswamy, R. (2019) ‘A rare cause of complete airway obstruction caused by a defective pilot tube of a reinforced endotracheal tube’, Ain-Shams Journal of Anesthesiology, 11(22). Available at: https://asja.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42077-019-0045-7.
PDPI (2021) PANDUAN UMUM PRAKTIK KLINIS PENYAKIT PARU DAN PERNAPASAN. Jakarta.
Powers, R.E. and Schwalk, A.J. (2023) ‘Overview of malignant central airway obstruction’, Mediastinum [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21037%2Fmed-22-44.
Quinn, K.A. et al. (2019) ‘Subglottic stenosis and endobronchial disease in granulomatosis with polyangiitis’, Rheumatology (Oxford) [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kez217.
Roelofse, J.A., Lapere, C. and Botha, W. (2016) ‘Continuous education in sedation 2: Protecting the airway during sedation’, South African Dental Journal, 71(5). Available at: https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0011-85162016000500008.
Sabath, B.F. and Casal, R.F. (2023) ‘Airway stenting for central airway obstruction: a review’, Mediastinum [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21037%2Fmed-22-65.
Sapra, A. and Bhandari, P. (2022) ‘Diabetes Mellitus’, StatPearls [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551501/ (Accessed: 15 November 2022).
Sekiguchi, H., Suzuki, J. and Utz, J.P. (2013) ‘Sarcoidosis with major airway, vascular and nerve compromise’, Can Respir J, 20(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2013%2F273535.
Shenoy, L. and Nileshwar, A. (2019) ‘Postintubation Tracheal Stenosis: A Devastating Complication!’, Indian Journal of Respiratory Care, 8(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_18_19.
Stark, P. (2023) ‘Radiology of the Trachea’, Up To Date [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/radiology-of-the-trachea.
Thillai, M. et al. (2021) ‘BTS Clinical Statement on pulmonary sarcoidosis’, Thorax, 76(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-214348.
Wong, P., Wong, J. and Mok, M.U.S. (2016) ‘Anaesthetic management of acute airway obstruction’, Singapore Med J, 57(3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.11622%2Fsmedj.2016050.
Yildirim, E. (2018) ‘Principles of Urgent Management of Acute Airway Obstruction’, Thorac Surg Clin, 28(3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thorsurg.2018.05.006.
Daneshvar, C. et al. (2019) ‘Prevalence and outcome of central airway obstruction in patients with lung cancer’, BMJ Open Respir Res, 6(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmjresp-2019-000429.
Dhingra, P. and Dhingra, S. (2018) Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat & Head and Neck Surgery. 7th edn. Elsevier.
Eskander, A., Almeida, J.R. de and Irish, J.C. (2019) ‘Acute Upper Airway Obstruction’, N Engl J Med, 381(20). Available at: https://www.nejm.org/toc/nejm/381/20.
Fusco, P. et al. (2018) ‘Awake tracheostomy in a patient with acute upper airway obstruction: an emergency application of an elective percutaneous procedure’, Open Access Emerg Med, 11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2147%2FOAEM.S201079.
Guedes, F. et al. (2022) ‘Central airway obstruction: is it time to move forward?’, BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 22(68). Available at: https://bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12890-022-01862-x.
Harris, K. et al. (2016) ‘Reporting of central airway obstruction on radiology reports and impact on bronchoscopic airway interventions and patient outcomes’, Ther Adv Respir Dis, 10(2), pp. 105–12. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1753465815620111.
Iyoda, A. et al. (2021) ‘Contributions of Airway Stent for Long-term Outcome in Patients With Malignant Central Airway Stenosis or Obstruction’, Journal of Bronchology & Interventional Pulmonology, 28(3). Available at: https://journals.lww.com/bronchology/abstract/2021/07000/contributions_of_airway_stent_for_long_term.10.aspx.
Jin, Y.J. et al. (2020) ‘Mortality and cause of death in patients with tracheostomy: Longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort’, Journal of The Science and Specialties of The Head and Neck, 43(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26471.
Kim, D.K. et al. (2023) ‘Balloon Bronchoplasty for the Treatment of Bronchial Stenosis After Lung Transplantation: A Single-Center 10-Year Experience’, Korean J Radiol, 24(5), pp. 424–33. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3348%2Fkjr.2022.0999.
Lee, K.C.H. et al. (2020) ‘Long-term outcomes of tracheobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis (TSTB) in symptomatic patients: airway intervention vs. conservative management’, J Thorac Dis, 12(7). Available at: https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-20-670.
Leslie, D. and Stacey, M. (2015) ‘Awake intubation’, Continuing Education in Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain, 15(2).
Lynch, J. and Crawley, S.M. (2018) ‘Management of airway obstruction’, BJA Education, 18(2), pp. 46–51. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjae.2017.11.006.
Manrique, G. et al. (2020) ‘Effectiveness of steroids versus placebo in preventing upper airway obstruction after extubation in critically ill children: rationale and design of a multicentric, double-blind, randomized study’, Trials [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs13063-020-4218-2.
Monnier, P. et al. (2015) ‘Preoperative assessment and classification of benign laryngotracheal stenosis: a consensus paper of the European Laryngological Society’, Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 272. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-015-3635-4.
Mudambi, L., Miller, R. and Eapen, G.A. (2017) ‘Malignant central airway obstruction’, J Thorac Dis [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2017.07.27.
Myatt, H.M. and Beckenham, E.J. (2000) ‘The use of diagnostic sleep nasendoscopy in the management of children with complex upper airway obstruction’, Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci, 25(3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2273.2000.00323.x.
Ng, J.S.K. and See, K.C. (2023) ‘Management of central airway obstruction’, Singapore Med J, 64(8). Available at: https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fsingaporemedj.SMJ-2022-194.
Oberg, C.L., Holden, V.K. and Channick, C.L. (2018) ‘Benign Central Airway Obstruction’, Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 39(6). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676574.
Ost, D.E. et al. (2015) ‘Complications Following Therapeutic Bronchoscopy for Malignant Central Airway Obstruction: Results of the AQuIRE Registry’, Chest, 148(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-1530.
Paramaswamy, R. (2019) ‘A rare cause of complete airway obstruction caused by a defective pilot tube of a reinforced endotracheal tube’, Ain-Shams Journal of Anesthesiology, 11(22). Available at: https://asja.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s42077-019-0045-7.
PDPI (2021) PANDUAN UMUM PRAKTIK KLINIS PENYAKIT PARU DAN PERNAPASAN. Jakarta.
Powers, R.E. and Schwalk, A.J. (2023) ‘Overview of malignant central airway obstruction’, Mediastinum [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21037%2Fmed-22-44.
Quinn, K.A. et al. (2019) ‘Subglottic stenosis and endobronchial disease in granulomatosis with polyangiitis’, Rheumatology (Oxford) [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kez217.
Roelofse, J.A., Lapere, C. and Botha, W. (2016) ‘Continuous education in sedation 2: Protecting the airway during sedation’, South African Dental Journal, 71(5). Available at: https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0011-85162016000500008.
Sabath, B.F. and Casal, R.F. (2023) ‘Airway stenting for central airway obstruction: a review’, Mediastinum [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21037%2Fmed-22-65.
Sapra, A. and Bhandari, P. (2022) ‘Diabetes Mellitus’, StatPearls [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551501/ (Accessed: 15 November 2022).
Sekiguchi, H., Suzuki, J. and Utz, J.P. (2013) ‘Sarcoidosis with major airway, vascular and nerve compromise’, Can Respir J, 20(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155%2F2013%2F273535.
Shenoy, L. and Nileshwar, A. (2019) ‘Postintubation Tracheal Stenosis: A Devastating Complication!’, Indian Journal of Respiratory Care, 8(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_18_19.
Stark, P. (2023) ‘Radiology of the Trachea’, Up To Date [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/radiology-of-the-trachea.
Thillai, M. et al. (2021) ‘BTS Clinical Statement on pulmonary sarcoidosis’, Thorax, 76(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-214348.
Wong, P., Wong, J. and Mok, M.U.S. (2016) ‘Anaesthetic management of acute airway obstruction’, Singapore Med J, 57(3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.11622%2Fsmedj.2016050.
Yildirim, E. (2018) ‘Principles of Urgent Management of Acute Airway Obstruction’, Thorac Surg Clin, 28(3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thorsurg.2018.05.006.
Published
2024-09-29
How to Cite
SURYANTARINI, Ni Wayan Puspa Wijaya et al.
ETIOLOGI DIAGNOSIS DAN MANAJEMEN SUMBATAN JALAN NAPAS.
Mandala Of Health, [S.l.], v. 17, n. 2, p. 318-332, sep. 2024.
ISSN 2615-6954.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/mandala/article/view/12443>. Date accessed: 05 apr. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.mandala.2024.17.2.12443.
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Articles
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