Substantive Justice in Criminal Interrogation Records (BAP): A Study of Speech Acts and Code-Mixing from a Forensic Linguistics Perspective

  • Sabrina Rizki Maydita Universitas Negeri Semarang
  • Ghulam Arif Rizal Universitas Peradaban
  • Imam Baehaqie Universitas Negeri Semarang
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jpbsi.2026.7.2.21052

Abstract

Police interrogation records (Berita Acara Pemeriksaan/BAP), although composed in standard bureaucratic Indonesian, frequently embed verbatim quotations containing regional-language code-mixing. This study examines the types of speech acts and code-mixing patterns found in authentic BAP quotations and analyzes their relevance to the attainment of substantive justice in criminal proceedings. The data comprise 2 main BAP documents – a Domestic Violence/Battery case file and an Extortion/Bladed-Weapon case file – covering 2 cases: (1) Domestic Violence (KDRT)/Public Affray and (2) Extortion with Bladed-Weapon Threat. From this corpus, 32 data units (Data 1–32) of authentic, anonymized utterances were identified and classified. A qualitative descriptive method with a forensic-linguistic and document-analysis approach was employed. Findings show a dominance of directive (11) and expressive (10) speech acts, followed by assertive (8), commissive (2), and declarative (1) acts, with dominant Javanese ngoko–Indonesian code-mixing and occasional Sundanese lexical insertions in the dialect-contact area. The study concludes that verbatim recording of code-mixed utterances in BAP sustains the material-truth principle (Article 183 of the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code) and thereby reinforces, rather than obscures, substantive justice.

Published
2026-08-21
How to Cite
MAYDITA, Sabrina Rizki; RIZAL, Ghulam Arif; BAEHAQIE, Imam. Substantive Justice in Criminal Interrogation Records (BAP): A Study of Speech Acts and Code-Mixing from a Forensic Linguistics Perspective. Prawara: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 144-170, aug. 2026. ISSN 2746-7139. Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jpbsi/article/view/21052>. Date accessed: 23 aug. 2026. doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jpbsi.2026.7.2.21052.
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Issue
Vol 7 No 2 (2026): August 2026
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Artikel
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