Family Support and Self-Efficacy in The Management of Diabetes Mellitus Among The Elderly
Abstract
Elderly individuals with diabetes mellitus often face challenges in managing their disease, which requires a high level of self-efficacy to consistently maintain a healthy lifestyle. Self-efficacy is crucial in managing diabetes treatment among elderly patients. Family support plays a significant role in helping elderly individuals with diabetes improve their self-efficacy or confidence in performing self-care activities. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between family support and self-efficacy in managing diabetes mellitus among the elderly at Health Center A. This research used a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 114 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The instruments used were validated and reliable questionnaires, namely the Family Support Questionnaire and the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. The cross-tabulation results between family support and self-efficacy showed that among those who received good family support, the majority—45 respondents (69.23%)—had good self-efficacy, and half—24 respondents (50%)—had moderate self-efficacy.Meanwhile, among those who received poor family support, nearly half—20 respondents (30.77%)—had good self-efficacy, half—24 respondents (50%)—had moderate self-efficacy, and one respondent (100%) had low self-efficacy.Based on the Spearman’s rho test, a p-value of 0.024 (< 0.05) was obtained, indicating a significant relationship between family support and self-efficacy in elderly individuals managing diabetes mellitus at Health Center A in 2025.It is expected that families will continue to provide support to patients, thereby improving their self-efficacy.
References
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Rahman, Z., Hang, S., & Tanjungpinang, T. (2023). The Effect of Health Education on Self Care Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan, 9(5), 599–604.
Resti arania. (2021). HUBUNGAN ANTARA USIA, JENIS KELAMIN, DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DIABETES MELLITUS DI KLINIK MARDI WALUYO LAMPUNG TENGAH. Jurnal Medika Malahayati, Volume 5, Nomor 3, September 2021, 5(September), 146–153.
Safitri, R., & Syafiq, A. (2022). Relationship between Health Literacy and Quality of Life Diabetes Mellitus Patients. The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion, 5(12). https://doi.org/10. 31934/mppki.v2i3
Sakir, N. A. I., Hwang, S. Bin, Park, H. J., & Lee, B. H. (2024). Associations between food consumption/dietary habits and the risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Jakarta, Indonesia. Nutrition Research and Practice, 18(1), 132–148. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2024.18.1.132
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Sari, Y., Kunang, C., Poltekkes, S., & Banten, K. (2023). HEALTH LITERACY LEVEL AND IT’S RELATIONSHIP ON DIABETICS SELF MANAGEMENT CLIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. Jurnal Medikes (Media Informasi Kesehatan), 10(2).
Sigit Mulyono, M. N. S. (2020). PENGARUH FAMILY SUPPORT GROUP TERHADAP KEPATUHAN DIET PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KOTA TANGERANG. JURNAL ILMIAH KEPERAWATAN ALTRUISTIK. https://doi.org/ 10.48079/vol3.iss2.65
Simorangkir, L., Siallagan, A., & Hasugian, H. (2024). Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Diabetes Mellitus. INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research.
Thomas, N. J., Walkey, H. C., Kaur, A., Misra, S., Oliver, N. S., Colclough, K., Weedon, M. N., Johnston, D. G., Hattersley, A. T., & Patel, K. A. (2023). The relationship between islet autoantibody status and the genetic risk of type 1 diabetes in adult-onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia, 66(2), 310–320. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s00125-022-05823-1
Ulfa, H. Z., Wardoyo, E., & Yudha, M. B. (2024). Hubungan Health Literacy Terhadap Self Management Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Di Puskesmas Bunut. Jurnal Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 1(2).
Violita, F., Izaac, F. A., Paskawati Adimuntja, N., Kesehatan Masyarakat, F., & Cenderawasih, U. (2024). Peningkatan Literasi Faktor Risiko Diabetes Melitus Pada Remaja Kota Jayapura. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Tangguh, 3(1).
Wahidah, N., & Rahayu, R. (2022). Determinan Diabetes Melitus pada Usia Dewasa Muda. HIGEIA JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v6i1.53512
Wartana, I. K., Gustini, G., V Pelima, R., Desy Purnama Sari, N., & Heiwer Matongka, Y. (2023). Analysis of Knowledge and Family Support on Coping Strategy of Diabetes Mellitus Patients. KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science, 2(9), 656–666. https://doi.org/10.54543/kesans.v2i9.185
Widianingtyas, A., Purbowati, M. R., Dewantoro, L., & Mustikawati, I. F. (2021). Hubungan Keikutsertaan Prolanis (Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis) dengan Tingkat Efikasi Diri Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas 1 Kembaran. Muhammadiyah Journal of Geriatric, 1(2), 33. https://doi.org/10.24853/mujg.1.2.33-39.
Al Fatih, H., Ningrum, T. P., & Handayani, H. (2024). HUBUNGAN LITERASI KESEHATAN DAN SELF EFFICACY DENGAN KEPATUHAN DIABETES SELF MANAGEMENT. Jurnal Keperawatan BSI, 12(1). https://ejurnal.ars. ac.id/index.php/keperawatan/index
Amalia, D. R., & Asnindari, L. N. (2024). Hubungan efikasi diri dengan kualitas hidup penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kalasan Sleman Yogyakarta The relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the working area of t. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(September), 327–334.
Amseke, F. V., Daik, M. A., & Liu, D. A. L. (2021). Dukungan sosial orang tua, konsep diri dan motivasi berprestasi mahasiswa di masa pandemi covid 19. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni, 5(1), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v5i1.9957.2021
Askin Ceran, M., Keser, M. G., Bektas, M., Unusan, N., & Selver Eklioglu, B. (2024). The Impact of Dietary Habits on Sleep Deprivation and Glucose Control in School-Aged Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Children, 11(7), 779. https://doi.org/10. 3390/children11070779
Baharuddin, N. H., & Nugroho, F. E. (2023). Faktor-faktor psikososial memegang peranan sentral dalam kesehatan dan manajemen diabetes melitus. International Journal of Healthcare Research, 6(1), 1–16.
Dietary, S. D., Agustina, E. L., & Kurnia, A. (2024). Manajemen Diabetes : Bagaimana Dukungan Keluarga dan Efikasi Diri Mendorong Kepatuhan Pola Makan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional UNIMUS, 3, 303–312.
Fahamsya, A., Anggraini, M. T., & Faizin, C. (2022). Efikasi Diri Dan Dukungan Keluarga Mendorong Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Biomedika, 14(1), 63–73. https://doi.org/10.23917/biomedika.v14i1.17040
Gusti, P. D. W. A., Putu, W. A., & Putu, P. K. W. (2024). Hubungan Self Efficacy & Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap Kepatuhan Aktivitas Fisik Diabetes Melitus Tipe II. Jurnal Keperawatan BSI, 12(1), 8–15.
Huang, J., Ding, S., Xiong, S., & Liu, Z. (2021). Medication Adherence and Associated Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Structural Equation Model. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.730845
Izzati, W., Sry Wahyuni, A., & Fitria, S. (2023). Hambatan Self Care Management Diabetes Mellitus: Perspektif Sosial Budaya di Puskesmas Mandiangin Kota Bukittinggi. Jurnal Ners Universitas Pahlawan, 7(2), 816–822. http://journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id/index.php/ners
Lailatul Masruroh, N., Fatehana Pangastuti, A., Melizza, N., Dwi Kurnia, A., & Masruroh, N. L. (2021). Level of Knowledge and Family Support toward Medication Adherence among Patient with Diabetes Mellitus in Malang, Indonesia. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 15(1).
Li, H., Wu, Y., Bai, Z., Xu, X., Su, D., Chen, J., He, R., & Sun, J. (2023). The Association Between Family Health and Frailty With the Mediation Role of Health Literacy and Health Behavior Among Older Adults in China: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 9, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.2196/ 44486
Luo, Z. N., Li, K., Chen, A. Q., Qiu, Y. C., Yang, X. X., Lin, Z. W., Liu, J. H., Wu, Y. B., & Chen, J. Y. (2024). The influence of family health on self-efficacy in patients with chronic diseases: the mediating role of perceived social support and the moderating role of health literacy. BMC Public Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12889-024-20906-x
Mighra, B. A., & Djaali, W. (2020). Peningkatan Pengetahuan Lansia tentang Penyakit Degeneratif di Wilayah Kampung Tengah Kramat Jati. Jurnal Pemberdayaan Komunitas MH Thamrin, 1(2), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.37012/jpkmht.v1i2.121
Muna Lubis, S. A., Aminah, T. N. F., Pangestuty, S., Atika, R., Sembiring, S. P., & Aidha, Z. (2023). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Diabetes Melitus (DM) di Desa Kubah Sentang Kecamatan Pantai Labu. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 23(2), 2061. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i2.2968
Murjo, Y., Mautang, T., Pongoh, L., & Murjo, Y. A. (2024). FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN DIABETES MELITUS DI PUSKESMAS KOYA KECAMATAN TONDANO. JIKMA, 3(2), 37–52.
Muthiah, M., Ng, C. H., Chan, K. E., Fu, C. E., Lim, W. H., Tan, D. J. H., Nah, B., Kong, G., Xiao, J., Yong, J. N., Tan, B., Syn, N., Wang, J. W., Sayed, N., Tan, E., Chew, N. W., Dan, Y. Y., Siddiqui, M. S., Sanyal, A. J., & Noureddin, M. (2023). Type 2 diabetes mellitus in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease vs. type 2 diabetes mellitus Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A longitudinal cohort analysis. Annals of Hepatology, 28(1), 100762. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.aohep.2022.100762
Oktavia, S., Budiarti, E., Marsa, F., Rahayu, D., & Setiaji, B. (2024). Faktor-Faktor Sosial Demografi Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal, 14(3), 75–82.
Ong-Artborirak, P., Seangpraw, K., Boonyathee, S., Auttama, N., & Winaiprasert, P. (2023). Health literacy, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and glycemic control among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in Thai communities. BMC Geriatrics, 23(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-04010-0
Pradina, W. S., & Wahyuni, S. (2019). Analisis Faktor Resiko Kejadian Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Berbasis Transkultural Nursing. Rabit : Jurnal Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi Univrab, 1(1), 2019.
Rahman, Z., Hang, S., & Tanjungpinang, T. (2023). The Effect of Health Education on Self Care Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan, 9(5), 599–604.
Resti arania. (2021). HUBUNGAN ANTARA USIA, JENIS KELAMIN, DAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DIABETES MELLITUS DI KLINIK MARDI WALUYO LAMPUNG TENGAH. Jurnal Medika Malahayati, Volume 5, Nomor 3, September 2021, 5(September), 146–153.
Safitri, R., & Syafiq, A. (2022). Relationship between Health Literacy and Quality of Life Diabetes Mellitus Patients. The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion, 5(12). https://doi.org/10. 31934/mppki.v2i3
Sakir, N. A. I., Hwang, S. Bin, Park, H. J., & Lee, B. H. (2024). Associations between food consumption/dietary habits and the risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Jakarta, Indonesia. Nutrition Research and Practice, 18(1), 132–148. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2024.18.1.132
Sari, N. K., & Firdaus, R. (2020). Faktor Durasi Menderita Dm Tipe 2 Mempengaruhi Perubahan Kemampuan Efikasi Diri. Jurnal Ilmiah Perawat Manado (Juiperdo), 8(01), 62–79. https://doi.org/10.47718/jpd.v8i01.896
Sari, Y., Kunang, C., Poltekkes, S., & Banten, K. (2023). HEALTH LITERACY LEVEL AND IT’S RELATIONSHIP ON DIABETICS SELF MANAGEMENT CLIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. Jurnal Medikes (Media Informasi Kesehatan), 10(2).
Sigit Mulyono, M. N. S. (2020). PENGARUH FAMILY SUPPORT GROUP TERHADAP KEPATUHAN DIET PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KOTA TANGERANG. JURNAL ILMIAH KEPERAWATAN ALTRUISTIK. https://doi.org/ 10.48079/vol3.iss2.65
Simorangkir, L., Siallagan, A., & Hasugian, H. (2024). Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Diabetes Mellitus. INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research.
Thomas, N. J., Walkey, H. C., Kaur, A., Misra, S., Oliver, N. S., Colclough, K., Weedon, M. N., Johnston, D. G., Hattersley, A. T., & Patel, K. A. (2023). The relationship between islet autoantibody status and the genetic risk of type 1 diabetes in adult-onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia, 66(2), 310–320. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s00125-022-05823-1
Ulfa, H. Z., Wardoyo, E., & Yudha, M. B. (2024). Hubungan Health Literacy Terhadap Self Management Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Di Puskesmas Bunut. Jurnal Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 1(2).
Violita, F., Izaac, F. A., Paskawati Adimuntja, N., Kesehatan Masyarakat, F., & Cenderawasih, U. (2024). Peningkatan Literasi Faktor Risiko Diabetes Melitus Pada Remaja Kota Jayapura. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Tangguh, 3(1).
Wahidah, N., & Rahayu, R. (2022). Determinan Diabetes Melitus pada Usia Dewasa Muda. HIGEIA JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v6i1.53512
Wartana, I. K., Gustini, G., V Pelima, R., Desy Purnama Sari, N., & Heiwer Matongka, Y. (2023). Analysis of Knowledge and Family Support on Coping Strategy of Diabetes Mellitus Patients. KESANS : International Journal of Health and Science, 2(9), 656–666. https://doi.org/10.54543/kesans.v2i9.185
Widianingtyas, A., Purbowati, M. R., Dewantoro, L., & Mustikawati, I. F. (2021). Hubungan Keikutsertaan Prolanis (Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis) dengan Tingkat Efikasi Diri Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas 1 Kembaran. Muhammadiyah Journal of Geriatric, 1(2), 33. https://doi.org/10.24853/mujg.1.2.33-39.
Published
2025-09-29
How to Cite
FARESSYA, Dessinnta; HARTINAH, Dewi; RAHMAWATI, Ashri Maulida.
Family Support and Self-Efficacy in The Management of Diabetes Mellitus Among The Elderly.
Journal of Bionursing, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 3, p. 155-167, sep. 2025.
ISSN 2685-6484.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/job/article/view/16355>. Date accessed: 03 nov. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.job.2025.7.3.16355.
Section
Articles
Kampus keperawatan unsoed 
Published By Jurusan Keperawatan FIKES UNSOED
bionursing@unsoed.ac.id
