Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Program Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (P3MD) di Kabupaten Banyumas
Abstract
Program Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (P3MD) adalah upaya mengembangkan kemandirian dan kesejahteraan masyarakat dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, keterampilan, perilaku, kemampuan, kesadaran, serta memanfaatkan sumber daya melalui penetapan kebijakan, program, kegiatan, dan pendampingan yang sesuai dengan esensi masalah dan prioritas kebutuhan masyarakat Desa. Di Kabupaten Banyumas Provinsi Jawa Tengah, program tersebut dimulai sejak tahun 2015. Program yang berlangsung lama tersebut rupanya belum dapat mewujudkan masyarakat yang berdaya. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan masih tingginya angka kemisikinan dan masih lemahnya keterlibatan masyarakat dalam proses pembangunan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu: untuk mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan gagalnya Program Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (P3MD) dalam memberdayakan masyarakat di Kabupaten Banyumas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Banyumas dengan lokus Kecamatan Cilongok Kabupaten Banyumas yang terdiri dari 20 desa. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Program Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (P3MD) di Kabupaten Banyumas belum berhasil dalam memberdayakan masyarakat agar bisa berpartisipasi aktif dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan pembangunan karena pendampingan yang ada baru dapat mewujudkan partisipasi yang ada masih sebatas mobilisasi, belum merupakan partisipasi yang sesungguhnya. P3MD gagal dalam memberdayakan masyarakat karena belum dapat meningkatkan kapasitas lembaga kemasyarakatan sebagai organisasi lokal di Kabupaten Banyumas dengan baik. Kapasitas organisasi lokal masih lemah karena belum pendampingan yang kurang intensif sehingga para pengurus organisasi lokal belum memiliki bekal yang cukup tentang ilmu-ilmu pemberdayaan.
Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Pembangunan Desa, Organisasi Lokal
References
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Friedmann, J. (1992). Empowerment The Politics of Alternative Development. Blackwell.
Galièa; Farnworth, C. R. . (2019). Power through: A New Concept in The Empowerment Discourse. Global Food Security, 13–17. www.elsevier.com/locate/gfs
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Gralewicz, P. (2022). Community Empowerment as a Tool to Reduce Unemployment: Contrasting Cases of Iceland and Ireland. In Community Empowerment, Sustainable Cities, and Transformative Economies (hal. 605–619). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5260-8_33
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Handini, Sri; Sukesi; Astuti, H. K. ; (2019). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa dalam Pengembangan UMKM di Wilayah Pesisir. Scopindo Media Pustaka.
Hjorth, P. . (2003). Knowledge Development and Management for Urban Poverty Alleviation. Habitat International, 27, 381–392.
Hutauruk , Aldi ; Husni, T. (2022). Village Community Development and Empowerment Program Effectiveness (P3MD) in Hutauruk Hasundutan Village, Sipoholon District, Tapanuli Utara District in 2020. Scientific Journal of Local Political Studies and Development.
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Jasper, J. M. (2010). “Social Movement Theory Today: Toward a Theory of Action?” Sociology Compass, 10, 965–976.
Jinwei, W., Xinlei, C., Liyan, Z., Mengdi, J. I. N., & Deguang, Y. U. (2021). 乡村振兴战略视角下民族村寨社区旅游增权研究 —— 以四川省石椅羌寨为例. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 48(1). http://www.zjujournals.com/sci
Kartasasmita, G. (1996). Pembangunan untuk Rakyat Memadukan Pertum buhan dan Pemerataan. PT. Pustaka Cidesindo.
Keneilwe; Dipholo, K. (2020). Empowering Botswana’s Rurals Communities through The Sustainable Livelihood Approach: Opportunities and Constraints. ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement.
Klassen, A. C., Creswell, J., Plano Clark, V. L., Smith, K. C., & Meissner, H. I. (2012). Best practices in mixed methods for quality of life research. Quality of Life Research, 21(3), 377–380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0122-x
Laverack, G. (2001). An Identification and Interpretation of The Organizational Aspects of Community Empowerment,. Community Development Journal, 36(2), 134–145.
Mardikanto, Totok ; Soebiato, P. ; (2013). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Dalam Perspektif Kebijakan Publik. Alfabeta. Moleong.
Mardikanto, Totok; Soebiato, P. (2019). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif KebijakanPubik. Penerbit Alfabeta.
Merriam, S. B. . (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. CA: Jossey-Bass.
Miles, M.B; Huberman, A.M; Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis, A. Methods Sourcebook (3 ed.). Sage Publications.
Muazansyah, Imam; Irsyad, S. (2022). Effectiveness of Village Fund Management and Community Empowerment Assistance in Bulungan District. DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 20(1).
Munandar. (2021). Community Empowerment Discourse inThe National Development Policy. Journal of SocialPolitical Sciences, 2(1).
Narayan, D. (2002). Empowerment and Poverty Reduction. A Sourcebook. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank.
Nigro, F. A. (1977). Modern Public Administration. Harper and Row.
Palutturi, S., Saleh, L. M., Rachmat, M., Malek, J. A., & Nam, E. W. (2021). Principles and strategies for aisles communities empowerment in creating Makassar Healthy City, Indonesia. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S46–S48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.12.013
Pansardi, P. (2012). Power to and power over : two distinct concepts of power? Journal of Political Power, 5(1), 73–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2012.658278
Parsons, T. (1991). The Social System. Routledge.
Pranarka, A.M.W.; Moeljarto, V. (1996). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, dalam Pemberdayaan: Konsep, Kebijakan dan Implementasi. , CSIS, Jakarta (A. Onny, S; Prijonodan (ed.)). CSIS.
Projono, O.S; Pranarka, A. M. W. . (1996). Pemberdayan: Konsep, Kebijakan dan implementasi. CSIS.
Rappaport, J. (1987). Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15(2), 121–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00919275
Richmond, Oliver P.; Annika, Bjorkdahl; Gezim, V. (2016). Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies. Springer.
Robbins, Susan P.; Pranab, Chatterjee; Edward, R. C. (1998). Contemporary Human Behavior Theory : A Critical Perspective for Social Work. Allyn and Bacon.
Rowlands, J. (1997). Questioning Empowerment: Workingwith Women in Honduras.
Sadan, E. (1997). Empowerment and Community Planning: Theory and Practice of People-Focused Social Solutions. Hakibbutz Hameuchad.
Safuridar; Hanum, N. ; (2018). Efektivitas Program Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (P3MD). urnal Penelitian Ekonomi Akuntansi (JENSI), 2(2).
Speer, P. W.; Jackson, C. B.; Peterson, N. A. . (2001). The Relationship Between Social Cohesion and Empowerment: Support and New Implications for Theory. HealthEducation and Behavior, 28(6), . 28(6), 716–732.
Suherman, M. I. . T. R. (2019). Empowering Youth Development and Empowerment Program (P3MD) in the District of Lappariaja, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
Swift C, L. G. (1987). (1987). Empowerment: An Emerging Mental Healt Technology. J. Primary Prevention.
Taylor, Steven J.; Bogdan, Robert; DeVault, M. L. (2016). Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods: A Guidebook and Resource (4th Editio). John Willey & Sons.
Timothy, D. J. . (2007). Empowerment and Stakeholder Participation in Tourism Destination Communities (In A.Churc). Routledge.
Todaro, M. P. (1983). Pembangunan Ekonomi di Dunia Ketiga, (Terjemahan) (G. Indonesia (ed.)).
Wallerstein, N. . (2012). What is the Evidence on Effectivenessof Empowerment to Improve Health? WHO RegionalOffice for Europe, Copenhagen (Health EvidenceNetwork Report). http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/74656/E88086.pdf
Allen, A. (1999). The Power of Feminist theory: Domination, Resistance, Solidarity. Press Boulder, CO.
Bagnall, A. M., Trigwell, J., Heisse, C., Quick, A., Southby, K., Woodward, J., South, J., & Button, D. (2020). Impact of a community empowerment programme in disadvantaged UK neighbourhoods: results of a survey. European Journal of Public Health, 30(Supplement_5). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.146
Basir, Muammar Alkadafi; Fithriyyah, M. U. (2020). Evaluasi Implementasi Program Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (P3MD) dalam Mewujudkan Desa Mandiri di Desa Kualu Nenas Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar. Jurnal El-Riyasah, 11(2).
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Brophy, P.;Weissbourd, R.; Beideman, A. . (2017). Transformative Economies: Emerging Practices Foraligning Growth and Inclusion. Philadelphia: FederalReserve Bank of Philadelphia.
Chalid, P. (2005). Otonomi Daerah: Masalah, Pemberian, Dan Konflik. Kemitraan Universitas Syiah Kuala.
Chambers, R. (1995). Rural Development : Putting The Last First. New York.
Cook, S. (1994). The Cultural Implications of Empowerment. Empowerment in Organizations, 2(1), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.1108/09684899410054625
Cristina, H. M. (2020). Community Empowerment Program to Increase Community Income in Sitimulyo Village, Piyungan District, Yogyakarta. Humaniora Research Journal.
Del Arco, I., Ramos-Pla, A., Zsembinszki, G., Gracia, A. de, & Cabeza, L. F. (2021). Implementing sdgs to a sustainable rural village development from community empowerment: Linking energy, education, innovation, and research. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132312946
Denhardt, J. V. (2016). The New Public Service: Serbing, Not Steering. Routledge.
Farida; Qabandiya, M. K. (2022). Community Empowerment Program in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Scholars for Social Research.
Fear, F.A.; Schwarzweller, H. K. (1985). Research In Rural Sosiology and. Development. Jai Press Inc.
Friedmann, J. (1992). Empowerment The Politics of Alternative Development. Blackwell.
Galièa; Farnworth, C. R. . (2019). Power through: A New Concept in The Empowerment Discourse. Global Food Security, 13–17. www.elsevier.com/locate/gfs
Gammage, S., Kabeer, N., & van der Meulen Rodgers, Y. (2016). Voice and Agency: Where Are We Now? Feminist Economics, 22(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2015.1101308
Glasersfeld, E. V. . (1987). Learning as A Constructive Activity. In Proceedings of PME-NA, Montreal, Canada. Problems of Representationin the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Gralewicz, P. (2022). Community Empowerment as a Tool to Reduce Unemployment: Contrasting Cases of Iceland and Ireland. In Community Empowerment, Sustainable Cities, and Transformative Economies (hal. 605–619). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5260-8_33
Guba, Egon G.; Lincoln, Y. (2005). "Paradigmatic Controversies Contradictions, and Emerging Confluences.” In The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (Y. S. . Denzin, Norman K.; Lincoln (ed.)). Sage Publication.
Handini, Sri; Sukesi; Astuti, H. K. ; (2019). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa dalam Pengembangan UMKM di Wilayah Pesisir. Scopindo Media Pustaka.
Hjorth, P. . (2003). Knowledge Development and Management for Urban Poverty Alleviation. Habitat International, 27, 381–392.
Hutauruk , Aldi ; Husni, T. (2022). Village Community Development and Empowerment Program Effectiveness (P3MD) in Hutauruk Hasundutan Village, Sipoholon District, Tapanuli Utara District in 2020. Scientific Journal of Local Political Studies and Development.
Ife, J. (1995). Community Developmen :Creating Community Alternative, Vision, Analysis and Practice. Longman Australia. Pty.Ltd.
Jasper, J. M. (2010). “Social Movement Theory Today: Toward a Theory of Action?” Sociology Compass, 10, 965–976.
Jinwei, W., Xinlei, C., Liyan, Z., Mengdi, J. I. N., & Deguang, Y. U. (2021). 乡村振兴战略视角下民族村寨社区旅游增权研究 —— 以四川省石椅羌寨为例. Journal of Zhejiang University (Science Edition), 48(1). http://www.zjujournals.com/sci
Kartasasmita, G. (1996). Pembangunan untuk Rakyat Memadukan Pertum buhan dan Pemerataan. PT. Pustaka Cidesindo.
Keneilwe; Dipholo, K. (2020). Empowering Botswana’s Rurals Communities through The Sustainable Livelihood Approach: Opportunities and Constraints. ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement.
Klassen, A. C., Creswell, J., Plano Clark, V. L., Smith, K. C., & Meissner, H. I. (2012). Best practices in mixed methods for quality of life research. Quality of Life Research, 21(3), 377–380. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0122-x
Laverack, G. (2001). An Identification and Interpretation of The Organizational Aspects of Community Empowerment,. Community Development Journal, 36(2), 134–145.
Mardikanto, Totok ; Soebiato, P. ; (2013). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat. Dalam Perspektif Kebijakan Publik. Alfabeta. Moleong.
Mardikanto, Totok; Soebiato, P. (2019). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Perspektif KebijakanPubik. Penerbit Alfabeta.
Merriam, S. B. . (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. CA: Jossey-Bass.
Miles, M.B; Huberman, A.M; Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis, A. Methods Sourcebook (3 ed.). Sage Publications.
Muazansyah, Imam; Irsyad, S. (2022). Effectiveness of Village Fund Management and Community Empowerment Assistance in Bulungan District. DiA: Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 20(1).
Munandar. (2021). Community Empowerment Discourse inThe National Development Policy. Journal of SocialPolitical Sciences, 2(1).
Narayan, D. (2002). Empowerment and Poverty Reduction. A Sourcebook. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank.
Nigro, F. A. (1977). Modern Public Administration. Harper and Row.
Palutturi, S., Saleh, L. M., Rachmat, M., Malek, J. A., & Nam, E. W. (2021). Principles and strategies for aisles communities empowerment in creating Makassar Healthy City, Indonesia. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S46–S48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.12.013
Pansardi, P. (2012). Power to and power over : two distinct concepts of power? Journal of Political Power, 5(1), 73–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/2158379X.2012.658278
Parsons, T. (1991). The Social System. Routledge.
Pranarka, A.M.W.; Moeljarto, V. (1996). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, dalam Pemberdayaan: Konsep, Kebijakan dan Implementasi. , CSIS, Jakarta (A. Onny, S; Prijonodan (ed.)). CSIS.
Projono, O.S; Pranarka, A. M. W. . (1996). Pemberdayan: Konsep, Kebijakan dan implementasi. CSIS.
Rappaport, J. (1987). Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15(2), 121–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00919275
Richmond, Oliver P.; Annika, Bjorkdahl; Gezim, V. (2016). Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies. Springer.
Robbins, Susan P.; Pranab, Chatterjee; Edward, R. C. (1998). Contemporary Human Behavior Theory : A Critical Perspective for Social Work. Allyn and Bacon.
Rowlands, J. (1997). Questioning Empowerment: Workingwith Women in Honduras.
Sadan, E. (1997). Empowerment and Community Planning: Theory and Practice of People-Focused Social Solutions. Hakibbutz Hameuchad.
Safuridar; Hanum, N. ; (2018). Efektivitas Program Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (P3MD). urnal Penelitian Ekonomi Akuntansi (JENSI), 2(2).
Speer, P. W.; Jackson, C. B.; Peterson, N. A. . (2001). The Relationship Between Social Cohesion and Empowerment: Support and New Implications for Theory. HealthEducation and Behavior, 28(6), . 28(6), 716–732.
Suherman, M. I. . T. R. (2019). Empowering Youth Development and Empowerment Program (P3MD) in the District of Lappariaja, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science.
Swift C, L. G. (1987). (1987). Empowerment: An Emerging Mental Healt Technology. J. Primary Prevention.
Taylor, Steven J.; Bogdan, Robert; DeVault, M. L. (2016). Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods: A Guidebook and Resource (4th Editio). John Willey & Sons.
Timothy, D. J. . (2007). Empowerment and Stakeholder Participation in Tourism Destination Communities (In A.Churc). Routledge.
Todaro, M. P. (1983). Pembangunan Ekonomi di Dunia Ketiga, (Terjemahan) (G. Indonesia (ed.)).
Wallerstein, N. . (2012). What is the Evidence on Effectivenessof Empowerment to Improve Health? WHO RegionalOffice for Europe, Copenhagen (Health EvidenceNetwork Report). http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/74656/E88086.pdf
Published
2023-11-10
How to Cite
GUNAWAN, Indra; SETYOKO, Paulus Israwan; TOBIRIN, Tobirin.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Program Pembangunan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (P3MD) di Kabupaten Banyumas.
Public Policy and Management Inquiry, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 722-734, nov. 2023.
ISSN 2714-626X.
Available at: <http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/ppmi/article/view/9541>. Date accessed: 28 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ppmi.2023.7.2.9541.
Section
Articles
