Microsociety and Human Capital as Foundations for Public Service Innovation in the Non-Western Public Administration Perspective
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https://doi.org/10.20884/ppmi.v9i2.18325
Abstrak
The evolution of public administration paradigms reflects a transition from Old Public Administration (OPA), which emphasizes hierarchy, to New Public Management (NPM), which prioritizes efficiency, and subsequently to New Public Service (NPS), which promotes citizen participation. However, these paradigms are rooted in Western contexts, making them not entirely suitable for non-Western countries such as Indonesia. This article examines Non-Western Public Administration (NWPA) as a more contextual alternative by highlighting two fundamental pillars, namely microsociety and human capital. A qualitative method based on literature analysis is employed to explore how these concepts shape an innovative ecosystem in public service delivery. The findings indicate that microsociety serves as a community-based participation arena that provides cultural legitimacy, collective action, and locally driven innovation. Meanwhile, human capital plays a crucial role in improving the quality of public officials and citizens’ capacity to actively engage in governance processes. The integration of both aspects results in public services that are more inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable, while strengthening social legitimacy and collective welfare. This article concludes that NWPA is not merely a conceptual alternative to Western paradigms but a practical necessity for developing public governance in Indonesia that aligns with local wisdom, responds to socio-cultural diversity, and remains relevant to future challenges.
Referensi
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Walt, G., & Gilson, L. (1994). Reforming the health sector in developing countries: The central role of policy analysis. Health Policy and Planning, 9(4), 353–370. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/9.4.353
Wardhana, M. N. A., Husaini, M., & Barkatullah, B. (2024). Partisipasi masyarakat pada Posbindu penyakit tidak menular dalam pelayanan kesehatan lansia di Desa Sungai Sandung Kecamatan Sungai Pandan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara. Jurnal Pelayanan Publik, 1(4), 1304–1314.
Welch, E., & Wong, W. (1998). Public administration in a global context: Bridging the gaps of theory and practice between Western and non-Western nations. Public Administration Review, 40–49.
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Yadisar, A. M. (2024). Partisipasi masyarakat dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kepada masyarakat. FOKUS, 22(2).
Yunus, R., & Tamma, S. (2014). Importance of cultural legitimacy to the local government in Indonesian democracy. Bisnis & Birokrasi, 21(1), 27.
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Atmadja, I. (2021). Posyandu sebagai inovasi pelayanan kesehatan berbasis komunitas di Indonesia. Pustaka Sehat Nusantara.
Atmadja, I. D. G. (2021). Banjar dan demokrasi lokal di Bali: Modal sosial dalam tata kelola komunitas. Udayana University Press.
Atmadja, I. D. G. (2021). Hukum adat Bali: Perarem, paruman, dan dinamika kontemporer. Udayana University Press.
Becker, G. S. (1993). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education (3rd ed.). University of Chicago Press.
Buse, K., Mays, N., & Walt, G. (2005). Making health policy. Open University Press.
Dwiantara, I. M., Widnyani, I. A. P. S., & Rahayu, L. R. (2025). The existence of local wisdom in waste management using “Teba” modern system. Dalam Economic sustainability and social equality in the technological era (hlm. 356–364). Routledge.
Hughes, O. E. (2012). Public management and administration: An introduction (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Koentjaraningrat. (2009). Pengantar ilmu antropologi. Rineka Cipta.
Mendelow, A. (1991). Stakeholder analysis for strategic planning. Strategy Press.
Mendelow, A. L. (1991). Environmental scanning: The impact of the stakeholder concept. Dalam I. Wilson (Ed.), Proceedings from the Second International Conference on Information Systems (hlm. 407–418). Cambridge University Press.
Osborne, S. P., & Brown, L. (2013). Handbook of innovation in public services. Edward Elgar.
Weber, M. (1947). The theory of social and economic organization (A. M. Henderson & T. Parsons, Trans.). Oxford University Press.
Antlöv, H. (2003). Village government and rural development in Indonesia: The new democratic framework. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 39(2), 193–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074910302013
Arniti, N. K., Yuliani, I., Irawan, B., Hidayat, H., & Zahidah, A. (2022). Public administration from a local wisdom perspective. IJD-Demos, 4(4).
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806
Brixiová, Z., Égert, B., & Essid, T. H. (2020). Skills and human capital in productivity growth: Evidence from Europe. Economic Modelling, 91, 117–132.
Dewi, L. K. D. K., Amallia, N., Kusumastuti, H., & Sasora, F. (2025). Partisipasi masyarakat dalam meningkatkan pelayanan publik di Pekon Sidorejo Kabupaten Tanggamus. Jurnal Semarak Mengabdi, 4(2), 93–98.
Duan, C., Jiao, J., Zhao, C., & Li, Y. (2023). Does Confucian culture affect public service motivation of grassroots public servants? Evidence from China. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1066624. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1066624
Dwivedi, O. P., & Nef, J. (1982). Crisis and continuities in development theory and administration: First and Third World perspectives. Public Administration and Development, 2(1), 59–80.
Evans, P. (2004). Development as institutional change: The pitfalls of monocropping and the potentials of deliberation. Studies in Comparative International Development, 38(4), 30–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02686327
Farazmand, A. (2012). The future of public administration: Challenges and opportunities—A critical perspective. Administration & Society, 44(4), 487–517.
Fitrianti, A. A., Cellindita, S., & Pramnesti, K. (2021). Efektivitas inovasi program smart kampung di Desa Ketapang Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Journal of Governance Innovation, 3(1), 1–17.
Hilderbrand, M. E., & Grindle, M. S. (1997). Building sustainable capacity in the public sector: What can be done? Public Administration and Development, 17(5), 441–463.
Hood, C. (1991). A public management for all seasons? Public Administration, 69(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.1991.tb00779.x
Istanabi, T., Miladan, N., Suminar, L., & Utomo, R. P. (2023). Ekspresi modal sosial berbasis kepedulian lingkungan dalam pengelolaan Bank Sampah Guyub Rukun Dusun Madugondo, Kecamatan Piyungan, Kabupaten Bantul. Desa-Kota, 6(1), 101–111.
Kinayungan, U. P., Hasanbasri, M., & Siwi Padmawati, R. (2024). Cross-sectoral support in stunting prevention through integrated health posts (Posyandu) in Yogyakarta City. Al GIZZAI, 4(2), 80–94.
Mawardi, R. A., & Pratama, M. R. (2023). Peran social enterprise sebagai inovasi pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Jurnal Studi Inovasi, 3(1).
Nurakhmadi, D. A., Rahmawan, T. I., & Suhendro, S. (2024). Optimalisasi partisipasi masyarakat dalam penganggaran: Strategi dan rekomendasi kebijakan. Peradaban Journal of Law and Society, 3(1), 48–62.
Ongaro, E. (2023). Non-Western philosophies and public administration. Public Management Review, 25(12), 1773–1792. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2175500
Ostrom, E. (1996). Crossing the great divide: Coproduction, synergy, and development. World Development, 24(6), 1073–1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(96)00023-X
Ramadhani, S. (2025). Efektivitas pelayanan publik pada aparatur sipil negara (ASN) dalam prinsip good governance. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 3(1), 75–84.
Rijal, S. (2023). The importance of community involvement in public management planning and decision-making processes. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 1(2), 84–92.
Sanggenafa, M., Lambe, K. H. P., & Baka, A. (2025). Pelayanan publik di Distrik Nabire Kota: Kajian peran pegawai dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam perspektif kelembagaan. MARIOBRE, 3(1), 22–28.
Tao, L., & Wen, B. (2022). Demystifying the components of public service motivation among young public servants in China: A qualitative inquiry. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 45(3), 248–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2022.2131587
Walt, G., & Gilson, L. (1994). Reforming the health sector in developing countries: The central role of policy analysis. Health Policy and Planning, 9(4), 353–370. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/9.4.353
Wardhana, M. N. A., Husaini, M., & Barkatullah, B. (2024). Partisipasi masyarakat pada Posbindu penyakit tidak menular dalam pelayanan kesehatan lansia di Desa Sungai Sandung Kecamatan Sungai Pandan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara. Jurnal Pelayanan Publik, 1(4), 1304–1314.
Welch, E., & Wong, W. (1998). Public administration in a global context: Bridging the gaps of theory and practice between Western and non-Western nations. Public Administration Review, 40–49.
Wilson, W. (2014). The study of administration. Political Science Quarterly.
Yadisar, A. M. (2024). Partisipasi masyarakat dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kepada masyarakat. FOKUS, 22(2).
Yunus, R., & Tamma, S. (2014). Importance of cultural legitimacy to the local government in Indonesian democracy. Bisnis & Birokrasi, 21(1), 27.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Indeks pembangunan manusia 2024. BPS. https://www.bps.go.id
Bisnis.com. (2025, Juli 10). Realisasi desa digital di wilayah 3T baru capai 41,32%. Bisnis Indonesia. https://bisnis.com
GoodStats. (2025, Januari 12). Masyarakat adat alami 121 konflik sepanjang 2024. GoodStats Indonesia. https://goodstats.id
GoodStats. (2025). Data konflik agraria di Indonesia 2024. GoodStats Indonesia. https://goodstats.id
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. (2023). Laporan capaian infrastruktur telekomunikasi nasional 2023. Kominfo. https://www.kominfo.go.id
Komdigi. (2023, November 28). 91,16% desa sudah tercover 4G, tapi 5G baru 0,75%. Kementerian Komunikasi dan Digital. https://komdigi.go.id
Kementerian Sosial Republik Indonesia. (2019). Evaluasi pelaksanaan Program Keluarga Harapan. Puslitbang Kesos.
Liputan NTB. (2025, Februari 16). Program Desa Digital 2025 targetkan 75.265 desa. Liputan NTB. https://liputantb.com
World Bank. (2020). Human capital index 2020. World Bank.
World Bank. (2020). The human capital index 2020 update: Human capital in the time of COVID-19. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org
Diterbitkan
2025-11-11
##submission.howToCite##
WIRADARMA, Ida Bagus Shantih Ananda.
Microsociety and Human Capital as Foundations for Public Service Innovation in the Non-Western Public Administration Perspective.
Public Policy and Management Inquiry, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 2, p. 21 - 44, nov. 2025.
ISSN 2714-626X.
Tersedia pada: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/ppmi/article/view/18325>. Tanggal Akses: 02 jan. 2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/ppmi.v9i2.18325.
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