DFT-Based Study of Phenolic-Derived From Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans): Promising Bioreductants for Green Synthesis Silver Nanoparticles

  • Siti Nabila Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, 97728, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Ikhlas Abdjan Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia
  • Khusna Arif Rakhman Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, 97728, Indonesia
  • Dira Ayu Annisa Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, 97728, Indonesia
  • Ilham SW Mauraji Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, 97728, Indonesia
  • Sudir Umar Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, 97728, Indonesia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2025.20.3.16203

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The manufacture of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be synthesized by reducing silver ions Ag+ to Ag0 by a reductant. Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) fruit extract has the potential as a natural reductant (bioreductant) that can donate electrons to reduce Ag+ as a ligand and capping agent. This study aims to identify the potential of the bioactive compounds in Myristica fragrans (Mf) extract for the green synthesis of AgNPs using several parameters, including total energy, HOMO-LUMO, Fukui function, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), global reactivity, and UV/Vis theoretical spectral analysis. The method used is Density Functional Theory (DFT) with Becke-3-parameter Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) hybrid functionals, using the 6-31G (d,p) basis set for hydrogen (H), carbon (C), oxygen (O) atoms, and the LanL2Dz for the silver (Ag) atom. The results of the study indicate that single bioactive compounds eugenol, chalcone, carvacrol, and terpineol, as well as eugenol-Ag, chalcone-Ag, carvacrol-Ag, and terpineol-Ag complexes, are good reducing agents in the process of reducing Ag+ ions to Ag0 as AgNPs. In addition, these phen-Ag complexes show electron excitation at UV/Vis spectrophotometric simulation in the 454-473 nm wavelength range. This study provides a theoretical understanding of Ag+ reduction by bioactive compounds in Mf extract for green synthesis of AgNPs, thereby providing a scientific basis for developing green methods for eco-friendly, sustainable AgNP synthesis.


 


Keyword: Bioreductant, DFT, green synthesis, Myristica fragrans, silver nanoparticles.


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Published
2025-11-24
How to Cite
NABILA, Siti et al. DFT-Based Study of Phenolic-Derived From Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans): Promising Bioreductants for Green Synthesis Silver Nanoparticles. Molekul, [S.l.], v. 20, n. 3, p. 522-532, nov. 2025. ISSN 2503-0310. Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jm/article/view/16203>. Date accessed: 26 nov. 2025. doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2025.20.3.16203.
Citation Formats
Issue
Vol 20 No 3 (2025)
Section
Theoretical and Environmental Chemistry

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