Country Revitalization: Japan’s Nation Branding Post 3/11 Disaster Performed in the Tokyo Olympics 2020
Abstract
Abstract
In 2011, Japan was hit by a series of major disasters, from an earthquake and tsunami that struck the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) reactor. Its incident caused Japan to suffer various damage from the economic, health, and environmental sectors, including the emergence of negative stereotypes at the global level. Therefore, Japan was chosen as the host country of the Tokyo Olympics 2020 sports event, and being used to restore Japan’s image in the international area. This study aims to analyze the forms of Japanese national branding after the 3/11 disaster through the Tokyo Olympics 2020. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. This study uses the concept of soft power and nation branding according, to Keith Dinnie, related to the stages of nation branding in the form of nation-brand identity, communicators of nation-brand identity, and nation-brand image. The results show that Fukushima as a territory promoted in the Tokyo Olympics through several reconstructed facilities to its natural products and culture. Although Fukushima is starting to show a positive image in the international community, Japan’s national branding still requires several challenges.
Keywords: Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan’s revitalization, nation branding, Tokyo Olympics 2020
References
Books & E-Books
Dinnie, K. (2010). Nation branding: Concepts, issues, practice. In Nation Branding: Concepts, Issues, Practice. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080554570
Kahraman, E. (2017). A methodological approach to nation branding: Measurement and issues. In The Routledge Handbook of Soft Power (pp. 113–123). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315671185
McCulloch, G. (2004). Documentary Research in Education, History, and the Social Science (First edit). New York: RoutledgeFalmer.
Silalahi, U. (2009). Metode Penelitian Sosial. Bandung: PT. Rafika Aditama.
Book Chapter
Gagné, I. (2020). Tokyo 2020 from the regional sidelines. In Japan Through the Lens of the Tokyo Olympics (pp. 118–123). London and New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003033905-30
E-Journals
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Bachev, H. I. (2021). Agri-food implications of Fukushima nuclear disaster: 10 years later. Journal of Economic and Social Thought, 8(3), 106–120. Retrieved from https://e-resources.perpusnas.go.id:2350/docview/1873027697/10B524F6CCAD47DAPQ/5?accountid=25704
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Bolin, G., & Miazhevich, G. (2018). The soft power of commercialised nationalist symbols: Using media analysis to understand nation branding campaigns. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 21(5), 527–542. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549417751153
Boulton, F. (2020). Re-imagining Japan after Fukushima (Asian studies series monograph 13). In Medicine, Conflict and Survival (Vol. 36, pp. 391–393). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2020.1852654
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Duignan, M. B., & Pappalepore, I. (2021). How do Olympic Cities Strategically Leverage New Urban Tourism? Evidence from Tokyo. Tourism Geographies, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2021.1895296
Fadli, M. R. (2021). Memahami desain metode penelitian kualitatif. Humanika, 21(1), 33–54. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v21i1.38075
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Kingston, J. (2012). Natural Disaster and Nuclear Crisis in Japan: Response and Recovery after Japan’s 3/11. In Natural Disaster and Nuclear Crisis in Japan: Response and Recovery after Japan’s 3/11. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203124109
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Knott, B., Fyall, A., & Jones, I. (2015). The nation branding opportunities provided by a sport mega-event: South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4(1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2014.09.001
Knott, Brendon, Fyall, A., & Jones, I. (2017). Sport mega-events and nation branding Unique characteristics of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, South Africa. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(3), 900–923. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2015-0523
Kobierecki, M. M., & Strożek, P. (2017). Sport as a Factor of Nation Branding: A Quantitative Approach. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 34(7–8), 697–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2017.1403901
Nye, J. S. (1990). Soft Power. Foreign Policy, 80(153–171). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1148580
Nye, J. S. (2008). Public diplomacy and soft power. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207311699
Panagiotopoulou, R. (2012). Nation branding and the Olympic Games: New media images for Greece and China. International Journal of the History of Sport, 29(16), 2337–2348. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2012.744527
Rafferty, J. P., & Pletcher, K. (2021). Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/event/Japan-earthquake-and-tsunami-of-2011
Richelieu, A. (2018). A sport-oriented place branding strategy for cities, regions and countries. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-02-2018-0010
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Rookwood, J. (2019). Access, security and diplomacy: Perceptions of soft power, nation branding and the organisational challenges facing Qatar’s 2022 FIFA World Cup. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 9(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-02-2018-0016
Rookwood, J., & Adeosun, K. (2021). Nation Branding and Public Diplomacy: Examining Japan’s 2019 Rugby World Cup and 2020(21) Olympic Games in the Midst of a Global Economic Downturn and the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Global Sport Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1871860
Saeed, M. M., & Askari, M. U. (2021). Significance of Soft Power for Pursuing Foreign Policy Objectives. Journal of Indian Studies, 7(1), 123– 138.
Sato, S., Oshimi, D., Bizen, Y., & Saito, R. (2022). The COVID-19 outbreak and public perceptions of sport events in Japan. Managing Sport and Leisure, Vol. 27. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1773301
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Dinnie, K. (2010). Nation branding: Concepts, issues, practice. In Nation Branding: Concepts, Issues, Practice. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080554570
Kahraman, E. (2017). A methodological approach to nation branding: Measurement and issues. In The Routledge Handbook of Soft Power (pp. 113–123). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315671185
McCulloch, G. (2004). Documentary Research in Education, History, and the Social Science (First edit). New York: RoutledgeFalmer.
Silalahi, U. (2009). Metode Penelitian Sosial. Bandung: PT. Rafika Aditama.
Book Chapter
Gagné, I. (2020). Tokyo 2020 from the regional sidelines. In Japan Through the Lens of the Tokyo Olympics (pp. 118–123). London and New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003033905-30
E-Journals
Anzai, K., Ban, N., Ozawa, T., & Tokonami, S. (2012). Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident: facts, environmental contamination, possible biological effects, and countermeasures. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 50(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3164/JCBN.D-11-00021
Bachev, H. I. (2021). Agri-food implications of Fukushima nuclear disaster: 10 years later. Journal of Economic and Social Thought, 8(3), 106–120. Retrieved from https://e-resources.perpusnas.go.id:2350/docview/1873027697/10B524F6CCAD47DAPQ/5?accountid=25704
Barnett, M., & Duvall, R. (2005). Power in international politics. International Organization, Vol. 59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818305050010
Bolin, G., & Miazhevich, G. (2018). The soft power of commercialised nationalist symbols: Using media analysis to understand nation branding campaigns. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 21(5), 527–542. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549417751153
Boulton, F. (2020). Re-imagining Japan after Fukushima (Asian studies series monograph 13). In Medicine, Conflict and Survival (Vol. 36, pp. 391–393). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2020.1852654
Boykoff, J., & Gaffney, C. (2020). The Tokyo 2020 Games and the End of Olympic History. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism, Vol. 31. https://doi.org/10.1080/10455752.2020.1738053
Dubinsky, Y. (2022). The Olympic Games, nation branding, and public diplomacy in a post-pandemic world: Reflections on Tokyo 2020 and beyond. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-021-00255-x
Duignan, D. M. B. (2021). Leveraging Tokyo 2020 to re-image Japan and the Olympic city, post-Fukushima. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 19(December 2020), 100486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100486
Duignan, M. B., & Pappalepore, I. (2021). How do Olympic Cities Strategically Leverage New Urban Tourism? Evidence from Tokyo. Tourism Geographies, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2021.1895296
Fadli, M. R. (2021). Memahami desain metode penelitian kualitatif. Humanika, 21(1), 33–54. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v21i1.38075
Hasegawa, A., Tanigawa, K., Ohtsuru, A., Yabe, H., Maeda, M., Shigemura, J., Chhem, R. K. (2015). Health effects of radiation and other health problems in the aftermath of nuclear accidents, with an emphasis on Fukushima. The Lancet, Vol. 386. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61106-0
Hasegawa, K. (2012). Facing Nuclear Risks: Lessons from the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster. International Journal of Japanese Sociology, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6781.2012.01164.x
Iriqat, D. (2019). Palestinian Nation Branding via Public Diplomacy. International Relations and Diplomacy, 7(5), 202–216. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2134/2019.05.002
Kanamori, E. (2021). “Economizing” TEPCO’s Responsibility for the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident. Nuclear Technology, 207(9), 1442–1455. https://doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2020.1865028
Kato, T. (2021). Opposition in Japan to the Olympics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-01011-5
Kingston, J. (2012). Natural Disaster and Nuclear Crisis in Japan: Response and Recovery after Japan’s 3/11. In Natural Disaster and Nuclear Crisis in Japan: Response and Recovery after Japan’s 3/11. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203124109
Kirby, P. W. (2022). Radiant scars: fallout, trauma, ghosts, and (re)worlding in Fukushima. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2022.2101136
Knott, B., Fyall, A., & Jones, I. (2015). The nation branding opportunities provided by a sport mega-event: South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4(1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2014.09.001
Knott, Brendon, Fyall, A., & Jones, I. (2017). Sport mega-events and nation branding Unique characteristics of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, South Africa. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(3), 900–923. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2015-0523
Kobierecki, M. M., & Strożek, P. (2017). Sport as a Factor of Nation Branding: A Quantitative Approach. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 34(7–8), 697–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2017.1403901
Nye, J. S. (1990). Soft Power. Foreign Policy, 80(153–171). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1148580
Nye, J. S. (2008). Public diplomacy and soft power. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207311699
Panagiotopoulou, R. (2012). Nation branding and the Olympic Games: New media images for Greece and China. International Journal of the History of Sport, 29(16), 2337–2348. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2012.744527
Rafferty, J. P., & Pletcher, K. (2021). Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/event/Japan-earthquake-and-tsunami-of-2011
Richelieu, A. (2018). A sport-oriented place branding strategy for cities, regions and countries. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-02-2018-0010
Robertua, V. (2017). Krisis Legitimasi Energi Nuklir Dalam Ekonomi Politik Internasional: Studi Kasus Fukushima. Jurnal Ilmu Politik Dan Komunikasi, VII(1).
Rookwood, J. (2019). Access, security and diplomacy: Perceptions of soft power, nation branding and the organisational challenges facing Qatar’s 2022 FIFA World Cup. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 9(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-02-2018-0016
Rookwood, J., & Adeosun, K. (2021). Nation Branding and Public Diplomacy: Examining Japan’s 2019 Rugby World Cup and 2020(21) Olympic Games in the Midst of a Global Economic Downturn and the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Global Sport Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1871860
Saeed, M. M., & Askari, M. U. (2021). Significance of Soft Power for Pursuing Foreign Policy Objectives. Journal of Indian Studies, 7(1), 123– 138.
Sato, S., Oshimi, D., Bizen, Y., & Saito, R. (2022). The COVID-19 outbreak and public perceptions of sport events in Japan. Managing Sport and Leisure, Vol. 27. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1773301
Schreurs, M. A. (2021). Reconstruction and revitalization in Fukushima a decade after the “triple disaster” struck: Striving for sustainability and a new future vision. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.102006
Sevin, E. (2021). The missing link: cities and soft power of nations. International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijdipe.2021.10037476
Snow, N. (2022). Japan’s strategic miscommunications: in the shadow of the pandemic Olympics. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 18(1), 30–32. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-022-00259-1
Takebayashi, Y., Murakami, M., Nomura, S., Oikawa, T., & Tsubokura, M. (2020). The trajectories of local food avoidance after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant disaster: A five-year prospective cohort study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101513
Vardon, P., Sassi, A., Zheng, Y., & Birur, D. (2019). Fukushima: U.S. Response and the Short-Term Impact on U.S.-Japan Trade in Fish and Seafood. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, Vol. 10. https://doi.org/10.1017/bca.2019.19
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Published
2022-12-06
How to Cite
FEBRIANTI, Kiki Widya; ROSYIDA, Hamdan Nafiatur.
Country Revitalization: Japan’s Nation Branding Post 3/11 Disaster Performed in the Tokyo Olympics 2020.
Insignia: Journal of International Relations, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 2, p. 133-152, dec. 2022.
ISSN 2597-9868.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/insignia/article/view/6824>. Date accessed: 22 apr. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2022.9.2.6824.
Section
Articles
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