Navigating Digital Activism on Environmental Movement: Mining License Grants to Religious Organizations in Indonesia

Abstract

Abstrak

Indonesia berpotensi melanggar komitmen dalam Kesepakatan Paris apabila tidak mengontrol dan memonitor laju deforestasi dengan baik, terutama yang berasal dari sektor pertambangan sebagai faktor pendorong yang signifikan. Artikel ini menganalisis aktivisme digital masyarakat Indonesia dalam merespons sikap Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dan Muhammadiyah terhadap penawaran pengelolaan Wilayah Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus (WIUPK) oleh pemerintah dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 25 Tahun 2024. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana aktivisme digital netizen melalui platform media sosial X (sebelumnya Twitter) dan Instagram menciptakan dampak terhadap posisi NU dan Muhammadiyah pada isu penawaran pengelolaan WIUPK. Posisi NU sejak awal menyambut baik tawaran tersebut. Sementara itu, Muhammadiyah yang awalnya terlihat berhati-hati, akhirnya menyusul NU dan memiliki posisi yang sama. Aktivisme digital yang dilakukan masyarakat Indonesia secara umum menentang keterlibatan organisasi kemasyarakatan keagamaan dalam pengelolaan tambang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa level aktivisme digital masyarakat Indonesia pada isu ini hanya sampai pada level digital spectator activities dan belum dapat mencapai level digital transitional activities maupun digital gladiatorial activities. Pada level digital spectator activities seluruh bentuk aktivitas clicktivism, metavoicing, dan assertion dapat ditemukan. Fungsi yang muncul antara lain affirming, reinforcing, repeating, commending, denouncing, communicating dengan mekanisme identification, visibilization, dan amplification. Dampak dari aktivisme digital ini hanya sebatas perubahan reputasi NU dan Muhammadiyah yang memburuk. Meskipun aktivisme digital telah menciptakan dampak reputasional, mereka belum berhasil mendorong perubahan sikap dari organisasi. Aktivisme ini lebih banyak berperan dalam membentuk citra publik NU dan Muhammadiyah terkait posisi mereka dalam isu pengelolaan tambang daripada mengubah sikap kedua organisasi tersebut untuk tidak begitu saja menerima tawaran pengelolaan tambang.

Kata-kata kunci: aktivisme digital, dampak reputasional, digital spectator activities, Muhammadiyah, NU

Abstract

Indonesia can potentially violate its commitments in the Paris Agreement if it does not adequately control and monitor the rate of deforestation, especially from the mining sector, which is a significant driving factor. This article analyzes the digital activism of Indonesian society in responding to the stance of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah towards the government's offer to manage Special Mining Business Permit Areas (WIUPK) in Government Regulation No. 25 of 2024. Using a qualitative approach, this study explores how netizens' digital activism through social media platforms X (formerly Twitter) and Instagram impacts NU and Muhammadiyah's positions on the issue of the WIUPK management offer. NU's position from the beginning welcomed the offer. Meanwhile, Muhammadiyah, who initially seemed cautious, finally followed NU and had the same position. Digital activism carried out by Indonesian society generally opposes the involvement of religious community organizations in mining management. The study results show that Indonesian society's digital activism on this issue only reaches the level of digital spectator activities and has not been able to reach the level of digital transitional activities or digital gladiatorial activities. All forms of clicktivism, metavoicing, and assertion activities can be found at the level of digital spectator activities. The emerging functions include affirming, reinforcing, repeating, commending, denouncing, and communicating with identification, visibility, and amplification mechanisms. The impact of this digital activism is limited to changes in the reputation of NU and Muhammadiyah, which have worsened. Although digital activism has created a reputational impact, it has not encouraged a change in attitude in the organization. This activism plays a more significant role in shaping the public image of NU and Muhammadiyah regarding their positions on the issue of mining management than in changing the attitudes of the two organizations, not simply accepting the offer of mining management.

Keywords: digital activism, digital spectator activities, Muhammadiyah, NU, reputational impact