PERCEPTION AND HABITS OF ULTRAPROCESSED FOOD CONSUMPTION ON THE RISK OF OBESITY IN GENERATION Z
Abstract
Introduction: Consumption of ultraprocessed food (UPF) continues to increase, especially among Generation Z, who grew up in the digital era with massive exposure to food advertising. This article reviews the relationship between perceptions of ultraprocessed food, consumption habits, and the risk of obesity in Generation Z. Purpose: This study was conducted using a narrative review method to explain the impact of the interaction between psychosocial factors and digital marketing on the food preferences of the younger generation, as well as the implications for public health. Methods: The thematic analysis approach was used to provide a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. Discussion: The results of the study indicate that the habit of consuming ultraprocessed food can increase the risk of obesity in Generation Z. Conclusion: Positive perceptions and high UPF consumption habits among Generation Z are significant factors in the increased risk of obesity. The influence of digital marketing and social pressure reinforce this consumption pattern. Community-based interventions and strict advertising regulations are needed to reduce the prevalence of obesity in young people.
References
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Azmi, S. D. (2024). Nutrition for Generation Z: Navigating Challenges and Opportunities in Modern Diets. Journal Nutrizione, 1(1).
Baker, P., Machado, P., Santos, T., Sievert, K., Backholer, K., Hadjikakou, M., Russell, C., Huse, O., Bell, C., Scrinis, G., Worsley, A., Friel, S., & Lawrence, M. (2020). Ultra-processed foods and the nutrition transition: Global, regional and national trends, food systems transformations and political economy drivers. Obesity Reviews, 21(12), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13126
Basile, A., Ruiz-Tejada, A., Mohr, A., Morales, A., Hjelm, E., Atkinson, F., Brand-Miller, J., & Sweazea, K. (2022). Ultra-Processed Foods Have a Lower Glycemic Index and Load Compared to Minimally Processed Foods. Current Developments in Nutrition, 6, 504. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac077.007
Costa de Miranda, R., Rauber, F., & Levy, R. B. (2021). Impact of ultra-processed food consumption on metabolic health. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 32(1), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000728
Dicken, S. J., Qamar, S., & Batterham, R. L. (2023). Who consumes ultra-processed food? A systematic review of sociodemographic determinants of ultra-processed food consumption from nationally representative samples. Nutrition Research Reviews, 1, 1–67. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422423000240
Fedde, S., Stolte, A., Plachta-Danielzik, S., Müller, M. J., & Bosy-Westphal, A. (2024). Ultra-processed food consumption and overweight in children, adolescents and young adults: Long-term data from the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS). Kongress ERNÄHRUNG 2024, 49(November), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1785783
Fernandes, A. E., Rosa, P. W. L., Melo, M. E., Martins, R. C. R., Santin, F. G. O., Moura, A. M. S. H., Coelho, G. S. M. A., Sabino, E. C., Cercato, C., & Mancini, M. C. (2023). Differences in the gut microbiota of women according to ultra-processed food consumption. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD, 33(1), 84–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2022.09.025
Galdino-silva, M. B., Maria, K., Almeida, M., Debora, A., Oliveira, S. De, Macena, M. D. L., & Silva, D. R. (2024). A Meal with Ultra-Processed Foods Leads to a Faster Rate of Intake and to a Lesser Decrease in the Capacity to Eat When Compared to a Similar , Matched Meal Without Ultra-Processed Foods. Nutrients, 16, 1–19.
Garai-Fodor, M. (2021). Food Consumption Patterns, in a Values-based Approach, for Generation Z. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 18(11), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.12700/APH.18.11.2021.11.7
Gearhardt, A. N., Bueno, N. B., Difeliceantonio, A. G., Roberto, C. A., Jiménez-Murcia, S., & Fernandez-Aranda, F. (2023). Social, clinical, and policy implications of ultra-processed food addiction. Bmj, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-075354
Ghosh-Jerath, S., Khandpur, N., Kumar, G., Kohli, S., Singh, M., Bhamra, I. K., Marrocos-Leite, F. H., & Reddy, K. S. (2024). Mapping ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in India: a formative research study. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19624-1
Gomes, G. M. D., Souza, R. C. V., Santos, T. N., & Santos, L. C. (2024). Screen Exposure in 4-Year-Old Children: Association with Development, Daily Habits, and Ultra-Processed Food Consumption. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111504
Hagerman, C. J., Hong, A. E., Jennings, E., & Butryn, M. L. (2024). A Pilot Study of a Novel Dietary Intervention Targeting Ultra-Processed Food Intake. Obesity Science and Practice, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.70029
Kamanga, P., Zhang, B., Kaphera, S., Mwale, S., & Koroma, M. M. (2024). Association between ultra-processed food consumption, sociodemographic characteristics, malnutrition and obesity among urban school-aged children in Lilongwe, Malawi: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 14(7), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084120
Kemenkes. (2019). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Kucharczuk, A. J., Oliver, T. L., & Dowdell, E. B. (2022). Social media’s influence on adolescents′ food choices: A mixed studies systematic literature review. Appetite, 168, 105765. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APPET.2021.105765
Machado-Rodrigues, A. M., Padez, C., Rodrigues, D., Dos Santos, E. A., Baptista, L. C., Liz Martins, M., & Fernandes, H. M. (2024). Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Its Association with Risk of Obesity, Sedentary Behaviors, and Well-Being in Adolescents. Nutrients , 16(22), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223827
Monteiro, C. A., Moubarac, J. C., Cannon, G., Ng, S. W., & Popkin, B. (2013). Ultra-processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system. Obesity Reviews, 14(S2), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12107
Moradi, S., Kermani, M. A. H., Bagheri, R., Mohammadi, H., Jayedi, A., Lane, M. M., Asbaghi, O., Mehrabani, S., & Suzuki, K. (2021). Ultra-processed food consumption and adult diabetes risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutrients, 13(12), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124410
Pamelia, I. (2018). Perilaku Konsumsi Makanan Cepat Saji Pada Remaja Dan Dampaknya Bagi Kesehatan. Ikesma, 14(2), 144. https://doi.org/10.19184/ikesma.v14i2.10459
Pereira, T., Mocellin, M. C., & Curioni, C. (2024). Association between ultraprocessed foods consumption , eating disorders , food addiction and body image : a systematic review. BMJ Open, 14, e091223. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091223
Robinson, E., Cummings, J. R., Gough, T., Jones, A., & Evans, R. (2024). Consumer Awareness, Perceptions and Avoidance of Ultra-Processed Foods: A Study of UK Adults in 2024. Foods, 13(15), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13152317
Santana, M. O., Guimarães, J. S., Leite, F. H. M., Mais, L. A., Horta, P. M., Bortoletto Martins, A. P., & Claro, R. M. (2020). Analysing persuasive marketing of ultra-processed foods on Brazilian television. International Journal of Public Health, 65(7), 1067–1077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01456-6
Setyaningsih, A., Mulyasari, I., Afiatna, P., & Putri, H. R. (2024). The Relationship between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption with Diet Quality and Overweight Status in Young Adults. Amerta Nutrition, 8(1), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v8i1.2024.124-129
Steele, E. M., Baraldi, L. G., Da Costa Louzada, M. L., Moubarac, J. C., Mozaffarian, D., & Monteiro, C. A. (2016). Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the US diet: Evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 6(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009892
Vandevijvere, S., De Ridder, K., Fiolet, T., Bel, S., & Tafforeau, J. (2019). Consumption of ultra-processed food products and diet quality among children, adolescents and adults in Belgium. European Journal of Nutrition, 58(8), 3267–3278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1870-3
Vashtianada, A. (2023). The Difference of Ultra-Processed Food Consumption based on Individual Characteristics and Other Factors among Non-Health Undergraduate Students in Universitas Indonesia in 2023. Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/ijphn.v4i1.7393
Vignola, E. F., Nazmi, A., & Freudenberg, N. (2021). What Makes Ultra-Processed Food Appealing? A critical scan and conceptual model. World Nutrition, 12(4), 136–175. https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.202112483-135
Walker, M. S., Andrades, C. dos S. de, Richrot, T. S., Closs, V. E., Gustavo, A. da S., Oliveira, M. da S., Donadio, M. V. F., & Feoli, A. M. P. (2022). Intervenção interdisciplinar reduz o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Saúde e Pesquisa, 15(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9206.2022v15n1.e9700
Aramburu, A., Alvarado-Gamarra, G., Cornejo, R., Curi-Quinto, K., Díaz-Parra, C. del P., Rojas-Limache, G., & Lanata, C. F. (2024). Ultra-processed foods consumption and health-related outcomes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11(June), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1421728
Azmi, S. D. (2024). Nutrition for Generation Z: Navigating Challenges and Opportunities in Modern Diets. Journal Nutrizione, 1(1).
Baker, P., Machado, P., Santos, T., Sievert, K., Backholer, K., Hadjikakou, M., Russell, C., Huse, O., Bell, C., Scrinis, G., Worsley, A., Friel, S., & Lawrence, M. (2020). Ultra-processed foods and the nutrition transition: Global, regional and national trends, food systems transformations and political economy drivers. Obesity Reviews, 21(12), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13126
Basile, A., Ruiz-Tejada, A., Mohr, A., Morales, A., Hjelm, E., Atkinson, F., Brand-Miller, J., & Sweazea, K. (2022). Ultra-Processed Foods Have a Lower Glycemic Index and Load Compared to Minimally Processed Foods. Current Developments in Nutrition, 6, 504. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac077.007
Costa de Miranda, R., Rauber, F., & Levy, R. B. (2021). Impact of ultra-processed food consumption on metabolic health. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 32(1), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOL.0000000000000728
Dicken, S. J., Qamar, S., & Batterham, R. L. (2023). Who consumes ultra-processed food? A systematic review of sociodemographic determinants of ultra-processed food consumption from nationally representative samples. Nutrition Research Reviews, 1, 1–67. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422423000240
Fedde, S., Stolte, A., Plachta-Danielzik, S., Müller, M. J., & Bosy-Westphal, A. (2024). Ultra-processed food consumption and overweight in children, adolescents and young adults: Long-term data from the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS). Kongress ERNÄHRUNG 2024, 49(November), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1785783
Fernandes, A. E., Rosa, P. W. L., Melo, M. E., Martins, R. C. R., Santin, F. G. O., Moura, A. M. S. H., Coelho, G. S. M. A., Sabino, E. C., Cercato, C., & Mancini, M. C. (2023). Differences in the gut microbiota of women according to ultra-processed food consumption. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD, 33(1), 84–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2022.09.025
Galdino-silva, M. B., Maria, K., Almeida, M., Debora, A., Oliveira, S. De, Macena, M. D. L., & Silva, D. R. (2024). A Meal with Ultra-Processed Foods Leads to a Faster Rate of Intake and to a Lesser Decrease in the Capacity to Eat When Compared to a Similar , Matched Meal Without Ultra-Processed Foods. Nutrients, 16, 1–19.
Garai-Fodor, M. (2021). Food Consumption Patterns, in a Values-based Approach, for Generation Z. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 18(11), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.12700/APH.18.11.2021.11.7
Gearhardt, A. N., Bueno, N. B., Difeliceantonio, A. G., Roberto, C. A., Jiménez-Murcia, S., & Fernandez-Aranda, F. (2023). Social, clinical, and policy implications of ultra-processed food addiction. Bmj, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-075354
Ghosh-Jerath, S., Khandpur, N., Kumar, G., Kohli, S., Singh, M., Bhamra, I. K., Marrocos-Leite, F. H., & Reddy, K. S. (2024). Mapping ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in India: a formative research study. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19624-1
Gomes, G. M. D., Souza, R. C. V., Santos, T. N., & Santos, L. C. (2024). Screen Exposure in 4-Year-Old Children: Association with Development, Daily Habits, and Ultra-Processed Food Consumption. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111504
Hagerman, C. J., Hong, A. E., Jennings, E., & Butryn, M. L. (2024). A Pilot Study of a Novel Dietary Intervention Targeting Ultra-Processed Food Intake. Obesity Science and Practice, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/osp4.70029
Kamanga, P., Zhang, B., Kaphera, S., Mwale, S., & Koroma, M. M. (2024). Association between ultra-processed food consumption, sociodemographic characteristics, malnutrition and obesity among urban school-aged children in Lilongwe, Malawi: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 14(7), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084120
Kemenkes. (2019). Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
Kucharczuk, A. J., Oliver, T. L., & Dowdell, E. B. (2022). Social media’s influence on adolescents′ food choices: A mixed studies systematic literature review. Appetite, 168, 105765. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APPET.2021.105765
Machado-Rodrigues, A. M., Padez, C., Rodrigues, D., Dos Santos, E. A., Baptista, L. C., Liz Martins, M., & Fernandes, H. M. (2024). Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Its Association with Risk of Obesity, Sedentary Behaviors, and Well-Being in Adolescents. Nutrients , 16(22), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223827
Monteiro, C. A., Moubarac, J. C., Cannon, G., Ng, S. W., & Popkin, B. (2013). Ultra-processed products are becoming dominant in the global food system. Obesity Reviews, 14(S2), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12107
Moradi, S., Kermani, M. A. H., Bagheri, R., Mohammadi, H., Jayedi, A., Lane, M. M., Asbaghi, O., Mehrabani, S., & Suzuki, K. (2021). Ultra-processed food consumption and adult diabetes risk: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutrients, 13(12), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124410
Pamelia, I. (2018). Perilaku Konsumsi Makanan Cepat Saji Pada Remaja Dan Dampaknya Bagi Kesehatan. Ikesma, 14(2), 144. https://doi.org/10.19184/ikesma.v14i2.10459
Pereira, T., Mocellin, M. C., & Curioni, C. (2024). Association between ultraprocessed foods consumption , eating disorders , food addiction and body image : a systematic review. BMJ Open, 14, e091223. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091223
Robinson, E., Cummings, J. R., Gough, T., Jones, A., & Evans, R. (2024). Consumer Awareness, Perceptions and Avoidance of Ultra-Processed Foods: A Study of UK Adults in 2024. Foods, 13(15), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13152317
Santana, M. O., Guimarães, J. S., Leite, F. H. M., Mais, L. A., Horta, P. M., Bortoletto Martins, A. P., & Claro, R. M. (2020). Analysing persuasive marketing of ultra-processed foods on Brazilian television. International Journal of Public Health, 65(7), 1067–1077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01456-6
Setyaningsih, A., Mulyasari, I., Afiatna, P., & Putri, H. R. (2024). The Relationship between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption with Diet Quality and Overweight Status in Young Adults. Amerta Nutrition, 8(1), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v8i1.2024.124-129
Steele, E. M., Baraldi, L. G., Da Costa Louzada, M. L., Moubarac, J. C., Mozaffarian, D., & Monteiro, C. A. (2016). Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the US diet: Evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 6(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009892
Vandevijvere, S., De Ridder, K., Fiolet, T., Bel, S., & Tafforeau, J. (2019). Consumption of ultra-processed food products and diet quality among children, adolescents and adults in Belgium. European Journal of Nutrition, 58(8), 3267–3278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1870-3
Vashtianada, A. (2023). The Difference of Ultra-Processed Food Consumption based on Individual Characteristics and Other Factors among Non-Health Undergraduate Students in Universitas Indonesia in 2023. Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/ijphn.v4i1.7393
Vignola, E. F., Nazmi, A., & Freudenberg, N. (2021). What Makes Ultra-Processed Food Appealing? A critical scan and conceptual model. World Nutrition, 12(4), 136–175. https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.202112483-135
Walker, M. S., Andrades, C. dos S. de, Richrot, T. S., Closs, V. E., Gustavo, A. da S., Oliveira, M. da S., Donadio, M. V. F., & Feoli, A. M. P. (2022). Intervenção interdisciplinar reduz o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em adolescentes com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Saúde e Pesquisa, 15(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.17765/2176-9206.2022v15n1.e9700
Published
2024-09-30
How to Cite
PROVERAWATI, Atikah; NURAENI, Indah.
PERCEPTION AND HABITS OF ULTRAPROCESSED FOOD CONSUMPTION ON THE RISK OF OBESITY IN GENERATION Z.
International Journal of Biomedical Nursing Review, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 3, p. 8-14, sep. 2024.
ISSN 2962-4703.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/ijbnr/article/view/14463>. Date accessed: 24 feb. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ijbnr.2024.3.3.14463.
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Articles
Kampus keperawatan unsoed 
