Deteksi Senyawa Psikotropika pada Jamur Kotoran Sapi di Kecamatan Karanglewas Kabupaten Banyumas
Abstract
Jamur koprofil adalah kelompok jamur yang tumbuh di dalam kotoran hewan herbivora. Beberapa jenis jamur koprofil adalah jamur pangan yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai penyedia protein, dan beberapa di antaranya juga merupakan jamur beracun, terutama yang mengandung senyawa psikotropika yang dapat dimanfaatkan secara positif sebagai bahan pembuatan obat penenang. Penelitian tentang deteksi senyawa psikotropika pada jamur kotoran ternak belum banyak dilakukan. Kondisi lingkungan di Kecamatan Karanglewas ditemukan tumbuhnya jamur koprofil di daerah tersebut. Jamur koprofil berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan atau disalahgunakan oleh masyarakat, oleh karena itu penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk mempelajari keberadaan jamur koprofil dan senyawa psikotropika yang terkandung dalam jamur koprofil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jamur koprofil yang tumbuh pada kotoran sapi di Kecamatan Karanglewas Kabupaten Banyumas, dan mendeteksi adanya senyawa psikotropika pada tubuh buah dan miselium jamur koprofil yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh tujuh genera cendawan koprofil dari kandang sapi di Kecamatan Karanglewas Kabupaten Banyumas yaituCoprinopsis , Mycena , Panaeolus , Inocybe , Ascobolus , Psilocybe , dan Coprinus . Keberadaan senyawa psikotropika baik pada tubuh buah maupun miselium jamur koprofil terdeteksi pada empat genus, yaitu Coprinopsis , Panaeolus , Inocybe , dan Psilocybe .
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Effectiveness of Pleurotus ostreatus Extract
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Inventarisasi Makrofungi Koprofil pada
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Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Prosiding Seminar
Nasional. 14-15 November. Universitas
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for The Detection of Drugs of Abuse.
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from Tropical India. Mycol Progress,
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Reynolds, H. T., Vinod, V., Emile, G.T., Hailee,
B.K., Patrick, B.M. & Jason, C.S., 2018.
Horizontal Gene Cluster Transfer Increased
Hallucinogenic Mushroom Diversity.
Evolution Letters, 2(2), pp. 88-101.
Stamets, P. 1996. Psilocybin Mushrooms of the
World. Ten Speed Press: Berkeley,
California.
Ulje, C.B. & Noordeloos, M.E., 1999. Studies in
Coprinus V-Coprinus Section Coprinus.
Persoonia, 17(2), pp. 165-199.
Yamin, M., 2010. Budidaya Jamur Kuping dan
Tiram dengan Teknologi Pengendalian
Suhu. Pangan,19(2), pp. 189-195.
Yoho, J.N., Geir, B., Grigsby, C.C., Hagen, J.A.,
Chavez, J.L. & Kelly-Loughnane, N. 2017.
Cross-Reactive Plasmonic Aptasensors for
Controlled Substance Identification.
Sensors, 17(1935), pp. 1-13.
Zhang, W., Sihua, W., Liyin, C., Xiaole, L., Hao,
W., Fengxue, X., Min, Z. & Min, J., 2017.
Improved Treatment and Utilization of Rice
Straw by Coprinopsis cinerea. Appl
Biochem Biotechnol, 184(2), pp. 616-629.
Soil Microfungi in Pine Forest at Duhok
Governorate, Kurdistam Region. Journal of
University of Zakho, 2(1), pp. 97-106.
Aluoch, A.M., Obonyo, M.A., Okun, D.O., Akinyi,
A., Otiende, Y.M. & Mungai, P. G., 2015.
Morphological Diversity of Ascobolus and
Pilobolus Fungi from Wild Herbivore Dung
in Nairobi National Park, Kenya. Journal of
Microbiology Research, 5(4), pp.134-141.
Badalyan, S., Monica, N.G. & Ursula, K., 2011.
Taxonomic Significance of Anamorphic
Characteristics in The Life Cycle of
Coprinoid Mushrooms. Proceedings.
Oktober. Yerevan State University: pp. 140-
154.
Ediriweera, S., Ravi, W., Chandrika, N. & Jagath,
W., 2015. First Report of Panaeolus
sphinctrimus and Panaeolus foenisecii
(Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) on Elephant
Dung from Sri Lanka. Frontiers in
Environmental Microbiology, 1(2), pp. 19-
23.
Ekowati, N., Ardhini, R.M., Nuniek, I.R., Aris, M.
& Wardatul, I., 2018. Eksplorasi dan Pola
Pertumbuhan Fase Vegetatif beberapa Jamur
Liar pada Medium Cair. Prosiding Seminar
Nasional. Purwokerto: Fakultas Biologi
Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.
Ekowati, N., Aris, M. & Juni, S.M., 2017.
Effectiveness of Pleurotus ostreatus Extract
Through Cytotoxic Test and Apoptosis
Mechanism of Cervical Cancer Cells.
Journal of Biology and Biology Education
(Biosaintifika), 9(1), pp. 148-155.
Fajrin, M.N., Suharjo. & Mutia, E.D., 2013. Potensi
Trichoderma sp. sebagai Agen Pengendali
Fusarium sp. Patogen Tanaman Strawberry
(Fragaria sp.). Jurnal Biotropika, 1(4), pp.
177-181.
Gartz, J., 1992. New Aspects of the Occurrence,
Chemistry and Cultivation of European
Hallucinogenic Mushrooms. Journal of
Basic Microbiol, 29(6), pp. 347-352.
Gatvaldova, K., Katerina, H., Jan, B., Radek, J.,
Petra, C. & Martin, K., 2020. Stability of
Psilocybin and its Four Analogs in the
Biomass of the Psychotropic Mushroom
Psilocybe cubensis. Drug Testing and
Analysis, 1(1), pp. 439-446.
Griffiths, R.R., Johnson, M.W., Carducci, M.A.,
Umbricht, A., Richards, W.A., Richards,
B.D., Cosimano, M.P. & Klinedinst, M.A.
2016. Psilocybin Produces Substantial and
Sustained Decreases in Depression and
Anxiety in Patients with Life-threatening
Cancer: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial.
Journal of Psychopharmacology, 30(12) pp.
1181–1197.
Karadelev, M., Snezana, M. & Kristina, S., 2003.
Checklist of Humano-Toxic Macromycetes
in The Republic of Macedonia. Proceeding.
pp. 472-478.
Kowalczyk, M., Andrzej, S., Piotr, M., Zofia, O.,
Anna, K., Szymon, Z. & Tomasz, K., 2015.
Practical Aspects of Genetic Identification of Hallucinogenic and Other Poisonous
Mushrooms for Clinical and Forensic
Purposes. Journal of Croat Med, 56(1), pp.
32-40.
Kuswardani. 2012. Analisis Pengotor dan
Karakterisasi Metamfetamin yang Beredar
Ilegal secara Kromatografi Gas dan
Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi. Tesis.
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu
Pengetahuan Alam Program Studi Magister
Ilmu Kefarmasian.
Mahmood, Z. A., 2013. Bioactive Alkaloids from
Fungi: Psilocybin. Berlin: Natural Products.
Mohammed N., Shinkafi S.A. & Enagi M.Y., 2017.
Isolation of Coprophilous Mycoflora from
Different Dung Types in some Local
Government Areas of Niger State, Nigeria.
Environmental Toxicology, 5(3) pp. 24-29.
Fukiharu, T., Kiminori, S., Ruoyu, L., Jay, K.R.,
Saori, Y., Yoshikazu, H. & Noriko, K.,
2013. Coprinopsis novorugosobispora sp.
nov., an Agaric Ammonia Fungus from
Beijing, China. Mycoscience, 54(1), pp. 226-
230.
Hasannudin. 2014. Jenis Jamur Kayu Makroskopis
sebagai Media Pembelajaran Biologi (Studi
di TNGL Blangjerango Kabupaten Gayo
Lues). Jurnal Biotik, 2(1), pp. 1-76.
Mumpuni, A., Nuraeni, E. & Daniel, J.W., 2018.
Inventarisasi Makrofungi Koprofil pada
Kotoran Hewan Ternak Herbivora di
Wilayah Eks-Karesidenan Banyumas
Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Prosiding Seminar
Nasional. 14-15 November. Universitas
Jenderal Soedirman: pp. 10-29.
Nayak. B.K., Thilagam, L. & Nanda, A., 2015.
Studies on the Diversity of Coprophilous
Microfungi from Hybrid Cow Dung
Samples. International Journal of
PharmTech Research, 8(9), pp. 135-138.
O'Neal, C.L., Crouch, D.J. & Fatah, A.A., 2000.
Validation of Twelve Chemical Spot Tests
for The Detection of Drugs of Abuse.
Forensic Science International, 109, pp.
189-201.
Peterson, J.H., Gabba, A. & Laessoe, T., 2016. The
Morphing Mushroom Identifier
(MMI)Spftware-Mycokey.org.
Pradeep, C.K., K.B. Vrinda., Shibu, P.V., Hailee,
B.K. & P.B. Matheny., 2016. New and
Noteworthy Species of Inocybe (Agaricales)
from Tropical India. Mycol Progress,
15(24), pp. 1-25.
Reynolds, H. T., Vinod, V., Emile, G.T., Hailee,
B.K., Patrick, B.M. & Jason, C.S., 2018.
Horizontal Gene Cluster Transfer Increased
Hallucinogenic Mushroom Diversity.
Evolution Letters, 2(2), pp. 88-101.
Stamets, P. 1996. Psilocybin Mushrooms of the
World. Ten Speed Press: Berkeley,
California.
Ulje, C.B. & Noordeloos, M.E., 1999. Studies in
Coprinus V-Coprinus Section Coprinus.
Persoonia, 17(2), pp. 165-199.
Yamin, M., 2010. Budidaya Jamur Kuping dan
Tiram dengan Teknologi Pengendalian
Suhu. Pangan,19(2), pp. 189-195.
Yoho, J.N., Geir, B., Grigsby, C.C., Hagen, J.A.,
Chavez, J.L. & Kelly-Loughnane, N. 2017.
Cross-Reactive Plasmonic Aptasensors for
Controlled Substance Identification.
Sensors, 17(1935), pp. 1-13.
Zhang, W., Sihua, W., Liyin, C., Xiaole, L., Hao,
W., Fengxue, X., Min, Z. & Min, J., 2017.
Improved Treatment and Utilization of Rice
Straw by Coprinopsis cinerea. Appl
Biochem Biotechnol, 184(2), pp. 616-629.
Published
2022-07-25
How to Cite
HASANAH, Amanda rohmatun; MUMPUNI, Aris; EKOWATI, Nuraeni.
Deteksi Senyawa Psikotropika pada Jamur Kotoran Sapi di Kecamatan Karanglewas Kabupaten Banyumas.
BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 2, p. 68-75, july 2022.
ISSN 2714-8564.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/bioe/article/view/4685>. Date accessed: 13 mar. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2022.4.2.4685.
Section
Articles
