Uji Alelopati Ekstrak Daun Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica) terhadap Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih Kacang Hijau
Allelopathic Effect of Imperata cylindrica Leaf Extract on the Germination and Vigor of Mung Bean Seeds
Abstract
Kacang hijau termasuk salah satu tanaman pangan penting yang pertumbuhannya dapat dipengaruhi oleh senyawa alelopati dari gulma seperti alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengevaluasi respons perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan awal kacang hijau terhadap berbagai konsentrasi ekstrak daun alang-alang serta menganalisis pengaruhnya terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih kacang hijau. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ekofisiologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Riau, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan lima taraf konsentrasi, yaitu 0% (kontrol), 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% ekstrak daun alang-alang yang diulang sebanyak empat kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi daya berkecambah, kecepatan berkecambah, panjang akar dan hipokotil, berat basah, berat kering, serta indeks vigor I dan II. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ekstrak daun alang-alang pada konsentrasi 5% hingga 20% tidak berpengaruh nyata (p > 0,05) terhadap seluruh parameter pengamatan. Daya berkecambah yang mencapai 100% pada semua variasi konsentrasi mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak daun alang-alang tidak bersifat fitotoksik dan tidak menghambat pertumbuhan awal benih kacang hijau. Analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan hubungan positif dan sangat kuat antara panjang akar/hipokotil dengan indeks vigor I (r = 0,76), serta berat kering dengan indeks vigor II (r = 0,998).
Kata kunci : Alelopati, Imperata cylindrica, kacang hijau, perkecambahan, vigor
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