Skrining Jamur dari Sonneratia caseolaris di Mangrove Mandeh: Sumber Potensial Kandidat Antioksidan
Fungal Screening of Sonneratia caseolaris in Mandeh Mangrove: A Potential Source of Antioxidant Candidates
Abstract
Jamur endofitik yang berasosiasi dengan mangrove Sonneratia sp. diketahui menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Kawasan pesisir Mandeh merupakan habitat alami yang kaya akan Sonneratia sp., sehingga menjadi lokasi strategis untuk eksplorasi jamur endofitik.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi jamur endofitik yang berasosiasi dengan mangrove Sonneratia sp., melakukan skrining aktivitas antioksidan secara in vitro, serta mengidentifikasi isolat potensial berdasarkan karakteristik makroskopis dan mikroskopis.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan tahapan sebagai berikut: isolasi jamur dilakukan melalui teknik direct planting, skrining aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan metode DPPH, dan identifikasi isolat dilakukan berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 20 isolat jamur endofitik berhasil diperoleh. Berdasarkan hasil skrining aktivitas antioksidan, ditemukan empat isolat yang menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dengan kategori kuat, sedang, dan lemah. Isolat dengan kode T4L1C4 dan T3L2C3 menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan kuat, sedangkan T3L2C2 menunjukkan aktivitas sedang. Berdasarkan karakteristik mikroskopis, ketiga isolat tersebut teridentifikasi sebagai anggota genus Fusarium sp.
Kata kunci: Antioksidan; Endofitik; Jamur; Mandeh; Skrining
References
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Agustien A, Djamaan A, Rilda Y, Nasir N. 2018. Isolation and Characterization of Antibacterial Endophytic Bacteria from Mangrove Plants at Kapo-Kapo and Setan Islands, West Sumatra Indonesia. Der Pharm Chem, 10(5), pp. 26-30.
Agustien, A., Santoso, P., Zalamah, S. Z., Bendrianis, D., Jannah, M., Rilda, Y., Fadjri, M. H., & Munir, E. 2024. Cultivation of Antioxidant-Producing Endophytic Fungus in Rhizophora apiculata Mangrove Plants. OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, 24(4), pp. 794–801.
Ahmed, R. et al. 2010. Serum glucose and lipid profiles in rats following administration of Sonneratia caseolaris leaf powder. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 4(2), pp. 171–173.
Audah KA, Ettin J, Darmad J, Azizah NN, Anisa AS, Hermawan TDF, Tjampakasari CR, Heryanto R, Ismail IS. 2022. Indonesian Mangrove Sonneratia caseolaris Leaves Ethanol Extract Is a Potential Super Antioxidant and Anti Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Drug. J Molecules. ; 27, pp. 1-18
Audah, K.A., & A.S. Anisa. 2024. The Potential of Sonneratia caseolaris Mangrove Plant as Functional Food and Medicine. Journal of Functional Food and Nutraceutical, 6(1), pp. 1-14
Asomadu RO, Ezeorba TP, Ezike TC, Uzoechina JO. 2024. Exploring the antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi: a review on methods for extraction and quantification of total antioxidant capacity. 3 Biotech.; 14, p. 127.
Bendrianis D, Agustien A, Arafah Z, Djamaan A, Alamsjah F. 2023. Optimization Of Temperature And Ph For The Protease Production By Endophytic Fungi From Mangrove Sonneratia alba. Intr J of Progrsf Sci and Tech. 42(1).
Bibi NS, Fawzi MM, Gokhan Z, Rajesh J, Nadeem N, Kannan RRR, Pandian SK. 2019. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and global distribution of mangroves-A comprehensive review. Mar Drugs. 17 (4), p. 231.
Cadamuro, R. D., da Silveira Bastos, I. M. A., Silva, I. T., da Cruz, A. C. C., Robl, D., Sandjo, L. P., Alves, S., Lorenzo, J. M., Rodríguez-Lázaro, D., Treichel, H., Steindel, M., & Fongaro, G. 2021a. Bioactive Compounds from Mangrove Endophytic Fungus and Their Uses for Microorganism Control. Journal of Fungi, 7(6), 455.
Cadamuro, R. D., da Silveira Bastos, I. M. A., Silva, I. T., da Cruz, A. C. C., Robl, D., Sandjo, L. P., Alves, S., Lorenzo, J. M., Rodríguez-Lázaro, D., Treichel, H., Steindel, M., & Fongaro, G. (2021b). Bioactive Compounds from Mangrove Endophytic Fungus and Their Uses for Microorganism Control. Journal of Fungi, 7(6), 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7060455
Cerri, F. and Galli, P. 2025. Phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of the mangrove plant Sonneratia caseolaris: a comprehensive review. Marine Drugs, 23(10), Article 378.
Chandra, H., Kumari, P., Prasad, R., Gupta, S.C. and Yadav, S. 2021. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity displayed by a fungal endophyte Alternaria alternata isolated from Picrorhiza kurroa from Garhwal Himalayas, India. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 33, Article 101955.
Dechaves, R., Calub, M.A.L., Genobata, D.R., Balacuit, R., Jose, R. and Tabugo, S.R. 2022. Identification of culture-dependent microbes from mangroves reveals dominance of Bacillus including medically important species based on DNA signature. Biodiversitas, 23(10), pp. 5342–5350.
Deshmukh, S.K., Verekar, S.A. and Bhave, S.V. 2014. Endophytic fungi: a reservoir of antibacterials. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5, Article DEC.
Glasenapp, Y., Korth, I., Nguyen, X.-V. and Papenbrock, J. 2019. Sustainable use of mangroves as sources of valuable medicinal compounds: species identification, propagation and secondary metabolite composition. South African Journal of Botany, 121, pp. 317–328.
Hamzah, T.N.T., Lee, S.Y., Hidayat, A., Terhem, R., Faridah-Hanum, I. and Mohamed, R. 2018. Diversity and characterization of endophytic fungi isolated from the tropical mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata and identification of potential antagonists against the soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, Article 1707.
Handayani, D., Sandrawati, N., Ruslan, R., Nestianda, O., Fajrina, A. and Taller, E.T. 2019. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate extract of mangrove plant Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea C.F. Gaertn-associated fungi. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 9(6), pp. 075–079.
Handayani, D., Wahyuningsih, T., Rustini, Artasasta, M.A., Putra, A.E. and Proksch, P. 2020. Bioactive compound from the mangrove plant endophytic fungus Diaporthe amygdali SGKB4. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 13(1), pp. 327–332.
Harish, J., Jambhulkar, P.P., Bajpai, R., Arya, M., Babele, P.K., Chaturvedi, S.K., Kumar, A. and Lakshman, D.K. 2023. Morphological characterization, pathogenicity screening, and molecular identification of Fusarium spp. isolates causing post-flowering stalk rot in maize. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, Article 112345.
Harish, S., Kumar, A. and Singh, R. 2023. Morphological characterization and molecular identification of Fusarium spp. from agricultural crops. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, Article 112345.
Hastuti, E.D., Izzati, M. and Darmanti, S. 2023. Usability of planted mangroves in the coastal area of Semarang, Indonesia, as the source of secondary metabolite extracts. Biodiversitas, 24(4), pp. 2409–2415.
Koraag, A.M.G., Farida, Y., Tarigan, E.B., Efendy, O., Agusta, A. and Simanjuntak, P. 2024. Antioxidant activity of bioproduced endophytic Fusarium sp. HSFP-3 from Hornstedtia scyphifera. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 11(3), pp. 79–86.
Latief, M. and Muhaimin, M. 2019. The characterization of active compound of pedada mangrove plant Sonneratia caseolaris. Journal of Chemical and Natural Resources, 1(1), pp. 1–11.
Lestari, A., Henri, H., Sari, E. and Wahyuni, T. 2021. Microscopic characterization of Fusarium sp. associated with yellow disease of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in South Bangka Regency. Planta Tropika: Journal of Agro Science, 9(1), pp. 1–9.
Li, M., Yu, R., Bai, X., Wang, H. and Zhang, H. 2020. Fusarium: a treasure trove of bioactive secondary metabolites. Natural Product Reports, 37(12), pp. 1568–1588.
Liu, B., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Chen, X., Jin, X. and Luo, X. 2023. Review of compounds and activities from mangrove Sonneratia genus and their endophytes. Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy, 4, pp. 218–227.
Nurhalimah, S., Rahmawati, S.I., Hermanianto, J., Nurjanah, S., Izzati, F.N., Septiana, E., Rachman, F., Bustanussalam, Hapsari, Y., Simanjuntak, P. and Putra, M.Y. 2021. The antioxidant of secondary metabolites from Aegiceras corniculatum mangrove derived endophytic fungi. Jurnal Biopropal Industri, 12, pp. 51–61.
Nurunnabi, T.R., Sabrin, F., Sharif, D.I., Nahar, L., Sohrab, M.H., Sarker, S.D., Rahman, S.M.M. and Billah, M.M. 2020. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the mangrove plant Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham) from the Sundarbans mangrove forest. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 20(3), pp. 419–425.
Parthiban, A., Sivasankar, R., Sachithanandam, V., Ajmal Khan, S., Jayshree, A., Murugan, K. and Sridhar, R. 2022. An integrative review on bioactive compounds from Indian mangroves for future drug discovery. South African Journal of Botany, 149, pp. 899–915.
Pratiwi, M., Utami, R., Pudja Kharisma, S., Rizki Fauzan, A., Amelia, D. and Salaman Ahmad Nasution, S. 2024. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the stem bark of Sonneratia caseolaris. Journal of Biology Scientist Research, 1(2).
Oliveira, R.J., Costa, S.S. and Pereira, L.F. 2021. Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of Fusarium species associated with plants. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 15(4), pp. 567–575.
Rachman, F., Mubarik, N.R. and Simanjuntak, P. 2018. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kapang endofit Cb.Gm.B3 asal ranting kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmanni). Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia, 5(2), pp. 204–213.
Rahim, A.C. and Abu Bakar, M.F. 2018. Pidada – Sonneratia caseolaris. In: Rodrigues, S., de Oliveira Silva, E. and de Brito, E.S. eds. Exotic Fruits. London: Elsevier, pp. 327–332.
Rai, N., Keshri, P.K., Singh, S.K., Verma, A. and Gautam, V. 2022. Plant associated fungal endophytes as a source of natural bioactive compounds. Mycology, 12(3), pp. 139–159.
Rajamanikyam, M., Vadlapudi, V., Amanchy, R. and Upadhyayula, S.M. 2017. Endophytic fungi as novel resources of natural therapeutics. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 60, Article e17160342.
Ramadhan, Z.A. and Agustien, A. 2019. Potential of endophytic bacteria from liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L.) which produces antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 8(9), pp. 171–178.
Ramya, A.K., Sethumadhavan, K. and Devika, R. 2025. Antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from green and brown algae. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 19(1), pp. 141–147.
Sachithanandam, V., Lalitha, P., Parthiban, A., Mageswaran, T., Manmadhan, K. and Sridhar, R. 2019. A review on antidiabetic properties of Indian mangrove plants with references to island ecosystem. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article 4305148.
Singh, N., Vayer, P., Tanwar, S., Poyet, J.-L., Tsaioun, K. and Villoutreix, B.O. 2023. Drug discovery and development: introduction to the general public and patient groups. Frontiers in Drug Discovery.
Song, Z., Sun, Y.J., Xu, S., Li, G., Yuan, C. and Zhou, K. 2023. Secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungi Fusarium decemcellulare F25 and their antifungal activities. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, Article 1187654.
Syafitri, A., Siregar, E.S. and Elimasni. 2024. Keragaman jenis tumbuhan mangrove marga Sonneratia di Pulau Sicanang, Sumatera Utara. Berita Biologi, 23(1), pp. 115–128.
Tristantini, D., Ismawati, A., Pradana, B.T. and Jonathan, G.J. 2016. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH pada daun tanjung (Mimusops elengi L.). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia “Kejuangan”, pp. 1–7.
Winarti, Rahardja, B.S. and Sudarno. 2019. Antioxidant activity of Sonneratia caseolaris leaves extract at different maturity stages. Journal of Marine and Coastal Science, 8(3), pp. 130–138.
Agustien A, Djamaan A, Rilda Y, Nasir N. 2018. Isolation and Characterization of Antibacterial Endophytic Bacteria from Mangrove Plants at Kapo-Kapo and Setan Islands, West Sumatra Indonesia. Der Pharm Chem, 10(5), pp. 26-30.
Agustien, A., Santoso, P., Zalamah, S. Z., Bendrianis, D., Jannah, M., Rilda, Y., Fadjri, M. H., & Munir, E. 2024. Cultivation of Antioxidant-Producing Endophytic Fungus in Rhizophora apiculata Mangrove Plants. OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, 24(4), pp. 794–801.
Ahmed, R. et al. 2010. Serum glucose and lipid profiles in rats following administration of Sonneratia caseolaris leaf powder. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 4(2), pp. 171–173.
Audah KA, Ettin J, Darmad J, Azizah NN, Anisa AS, Hermawan TDF, Tjampakasari CR, Heryanto R, Ismail IS. 2022. Indonesian Mangrove Sonneratia caseolaris Leaves Ethanol Extract Is a Potential Super Antioxidant and Anti Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Drug. J Molecules. ; 27, pp. 1-18
Audah, K.A., & A.S. Anisa. 2024. The Potential of Sonneratia caseolaris Mangrove Plant as Functional Food and Medicine. Journal of Functional Food and Nutraceutical, 6(1), pp. 1-14
Asomadu RO, Ezeorba TP, Ezike TC, Uzoechina JO. 2024. Exploring the antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi: a review on methods for extraction and quantification of total antioxidant capacity. 3 Biotech.; 14, p. 127.
Bendrianis D, Agustien A, Arafah Z, Djamaan A, Alamsjah F. 2023. Optimization Of Temperature And Ph For The Protease Production By Endophytic Fungi From Mangrove Sonneratia alba. Intr J of Progrsf Sci and Tech. 42(1).
Bibi NS, Fawzi MM, Gokhan Z, Rajesh J, Nadeem N, Kannan RRR, Pandian SK. 2019. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and global distribution of mangroves-A comprehensive review. Mar Drugs. 17 (4), p. 231.
Cadamuro, R. D., da Silveira Bastos, I. M. A., Silva, I. T., da Cruz, A. C. C., Robl, D., Sandjo, L. P., Alves, S., Lorenzo, J. M., Rodríguez-Lázaro, D., Treichel, H., Steindel, M., & Fongaro, G. 2021a. Bioactive Compounds from Mangrove Endophytic Fungus and Their Uses for Microorganism Control. Journal of Fungi, 7(6), 455.
Cadamuro, R. D., da Silveira Bastos, I. M. A., Silva, I. T., da Cruz, A. C. C., Robl, D., Sandjo, L. P., Alves, S., Lorenzo, J. M., Rodríguez-Lázaro, D., Treichel, H., Steindel, M., & Fongaro, G. (2021b). Bioactive Compounds from Mangrove Endophytic Fungus and Their Uses for Microorganism Control. Journal of Fungi, 7(6), 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7060455
Cerri, F. and Galli, P. 2025. Phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of the mangrove plant Sonneratia caseolaris: a comprehensive review. Marine Drugs, 23(10), Article 378.
Chandra, H., Kumari, P., Prasad, R., Gupta, S.C. and Yadav, S. 2021. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity displayed by a fungal endophyte Alternaria alternata isolated from Picrorhiza kurroa from Garhwal Himalayas, India. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 33, Article 101955.
Dechaves, R., Calub, M.A.L., Genobata, D.R., Balacuit, R., Jose, R. and Tabugo, S.R. 2022. Identification of culture-dependent microbes from mangroves reveals dominance of Bacillus including medically important species based on DNA signature. Biodiversitas, 23(10), pp. 5342–5350.
Deshmukh, S.K., Verekar, S.A. and Bhave, S.V. 2014. Endophytic fungi: a reservoir of antibacterials. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5, Article DEC.
Glasenapp, Y., Korth, I., Nguyen, X.-V. and Papenbrock, J. 2019. Sustainable use of mangroves as sources of valuable medicinal compounds: species identification, propagation and secondary metabolite composition. South African Journal of Botany, 121, pp. 317–328.
Hamzah, T.N.T., Lee, S.Y., Hidayat, A., Terhem, R., Faridah-Hanum, I. and Mohamed, R. 2018. Diversity and characterization of endophytic fungi isolated from the tropical mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata and identification of potential antagonists against the soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, Article 1707.
Handayani, D., Sandrawati, N., Ruslan, R., Nestianda, O., Fajrina, A. and Taller, E.T. 2019. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of ethyl acetate extract of mangrove plant Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea C.F. Gaertn-associated fungi. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 9(6), pp. 075–079.
Handayani, D., Wahyuningsih, T., Rustini, Artasasta, M.A., Putra, A.E. and Proksch, P. 2020. Bioactive compound from the mangrove plant endophytic fungus Diaporthe amygdali SGKB4. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 13(1), pp. 327–332.
Harish, J., Jambhulkar, P.P., Bajpai, R., Arya, M., Babele, P.K., Chaturvedi, S.K., Kumar, A. and Lakshman, D.K. 2023. Morphological characterization, pathogenicity screening, and molecular identification of Fusarium spp. isolates causing post-flowering stalk rot in maize. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, Article 112345.
Harish, S., Kumar, A. and Singh, R. 2023. Morphological characterization and molecular identification of Fusarium spp. from agricultural crops. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, Article 112345.
Hastuti, E.D., Izzati, M. and Darmanti, S. 2023. Usability of planted mangroves in the coastal area of Semarang, Indonesia, as the source of secondary metabolite extracts. Biodiversitas, 24(4), pp. 2409–2415.
Koraag, A.M.G., Farida, Y., Tarigan, E.B., Efendy, O., Agusta, A. and Simanjuntak, P. 2024. Antioxidant activity of bioproduced endophytic Fusarium sp. HSFP-3 from Hornstedtia scyphifera. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 11(3), pp. 79–86.
Latief, M. and Muhaimin, M. 2019. The characterization of active compound of pedada mangrove plant Sonneratia caseolaris. Journal of Chemical and Natural Resources, 1(1), pp. 1–11.
Lestari, A., Henri, H., Sari, E. and Wahyuni, T. 2021. Microscopic characterization of Fusarium sp. associated with yellow disease of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in South Bangka Regency. Planta Tropika: Journal of Agro Science, 9(1), pp. 1–9.
Li, M., Yu, R., Bai, X., Wang, H. and Zhang, H. 2020. Fusarium: a treasure trove of bioactive secondary metabolites. Natural Product Reports, 37(12), pp. 1568–1588.
Liu, B., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Chen, X., Jin, X. and Luo, X. 2023. Review of compounds and activities from mangrove Sonneratia genus and their endophytes. Journal of Holistic Integrative Pharmacy, 4, pp. 218–227.
Nurhalimah, S., Rahmawati, S.I., Hermanianto, J., Nurjanah, S., Izzati, F.N., Septiana, E., Rachman, F., Bustanussalam, Hapsari, Y., Simanjuntak, P. and Putra, M.Y. 2021. The antioxidant of secondary metabolites from Aegiceras corniculatum mangrove derived endophytic fungi. Jurnal Biopropal Industri, 12, pp. 51–61.
Nurunnabi, T.R., Sabrin, F., Sharif, D.I., Nahar, L., Sohrab, M.H., Sarker, S.D., Rahman, S.M.M. and Billah, M.M. 2020. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the mangrove plant Sonneratia apetala (Buch.-Ham) from the Sundarbans mangrove forest. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 20(3), pp. 419–425.
Parthiban, A., Sivasankar, R., Sachithanandam, V., Ajmal Khan, S., Jayshree, A., Murugan, K. and Sridhar, R. 2022. An integrative review on bioactive compounds from Indian mangroves for future drug discovery. South African Journal of Botany, 149, pp. 899–915.
Pratiwi, M., Utami, R., Pudja Kharisma, S., Rizki Fauzan, A., Amelia, D. and Salaman Ahmad Nasution, S. 2024. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the stem bark of Sonneratia caseolaris. Journal of Biology Scientist Research, 1(2).
Oliveira, R.J., Costa, S.S. and Pereira, L.F. 2021. Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of Fusarium species associated with plants. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 15(4), pp. 567–575.
Rachman, F., Mubarik, N.R. and Simanjuntak, P. 2018. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kapang endofit Cb.Gm.B3 asal ranting kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmanni). Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia, 5(2), pp. 204–213.
Rahim, A.C. and Abu Bakar, M.F. 2018. Pidada – Sonneratia caseolaris. In: Rodrigues, S., de Oliveira Silva, E. and de Brito, E.S. eds. Exotic Fruits. London: Elsevier, pp. 327–332.
Rai, N., Keshri, P.K., Singh, S.K., Verma, A. and Gautam, V. 2022. Plant associated fungal endophytes as a source of natural bioactive compounds. Mycology, 12(3), pp. 139–159.
Rajamanikyam, M., Vadlapudi, V., Amanchy, R. and Upadhyayula, S.M. 2017. Endophytic fungi as novel resources of natural therapeutics. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 60, Article e17160342.
Ramadhan, Z.A. and Agustien, A. 2019. Potential of endophytic bacteria from liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha L.) which produces antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 8(9), pp. 171–178.
Ramya, A.K., Sethumadhavan, K. and Devika, R. 2025. Antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from green and brown algae. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 19(1), pp. 141–147.
Sachithanandam, V., Lalitha, P., Parthiban, A., Mageswaran, T., Manmadhan, K. and Sridhar, R. 2019. A review on antidiabetic properties of Indian mangrove plants with references to island ecosystem. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Article 4305148.
Singh, N., Vayer, P., Tanwar, S., Poyet, J.-L., Tsaioun, K. and Villoutreix, B.O. 2023. Drug discovery and development: introduction to the general public and patient groups. Frontiers in Drug Discovery.
Song, Z., Sun, Y.J., Xu, S., Li, G., Yuan, C. and Zhou, K. 2023. Secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungi Fusarium decemcellulare F25 and their antifungal activities. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, Article 1187654.
Syafitri, A., Siregar, E.S. and Elimasni. 2024. Keragaman jenis tumbuhan mangrove marga Sonneratia di Pulau Sicanang, Sumatera Utara. Berita Biologi, 23(1), pp. 115–128.
Tristantini, D., Ismawati, A., Pradana, B.T. and Jonathan, G.J. 2016. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH pada daun tanjung (Mimusops elengi L.). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia “Kejuangan”, pp. 1–7.
Winarti, Rahardja, B.S. and Sudarno. 2019. Antioxidant activity of Sonneratia caseolaris leaves extract at different maturity stages. Journal of Marine and Coastal Science, 8(3), pp. 130–138.
Published
2025-12-31
How to Cite
AGUSTIEN, Anthoni et al.
Skrining Jamur dari Sonneratia caseolaris di Mangrove Mandeh: Sumber Potensial Kandidat Antioksidan.
BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 4, p. 333-342, dec. 2025.
ISSN 2714-8564.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/bioe/article/view/17933>. Date accessed: 02 mar. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2025.7.4.17933.
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Articles
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