Struktur Struktur Komunitas dan Keanekaragaman Floristik Mangrove dalam Lanskap Ekowisata Kuala Langsa, Aceh
Community Structure and Diversity of Mangrove Species in the Kuala Langsa Ecotourism Landscape, Aceh
Abstract
Hutan mangrove merupakan ekosistem penting yang menyediakan berbagai jasa ekosistem, namun mengalami tekanan antropogenik yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas habitat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji komposisi jenis dan struktur komunitas mangrove di kawasan ekowisata Hutan Mangrove Kuala Langsa, Aceh. Metode Line-Transect Plot digunakan pada tiga stasiun, yaitu area pertambakan, area komersial, dan area tower mangrove. Data dianalisis berdasarkan kerapatan relatif, frekuensi relatif, dominansi relatif, serta indeks Shannon-Wiener untuk menilai keanekaragaman. Hasil menunjukkan sebanyak 16 jenis mangrove ditemukan dari 10 genus dan 8 famili. Stasiun 1 (area pertambakan) memiliki nilai indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi (H’ = 1,985) dengan keseragaman tinggi (J’= 0,862) dan dominansi rendah (C < 0,5), mencerminkan komunitas yang stabil dan beragam. Sebaliknya, Stasiun 2 dan 3 menunjukkan keanekaragaman yang lebih rendah (H’ = 0,543 dan 0,877) dengan keseragaman sedang hingga rendah (J’= 0,279 dan 0,422) serta dominansi tinggi akibat dominasi Rhizophora apiculata. Akibat dominansi oleh Rhizophora apiculata, berpotensi mengurangi keanekaragaman hayati secara fungsional. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengelolaan berkelanjutan, berbasis ekosistem yang mengintegrasikan konservasi mangrove berpotensi meningkatkan keanekaragaman spesies. Implikasi hasil ini menekankan perlunya pengelolaan terpadu yang mempertimbangkan aspek ekologis dan sosial ekonomi guna menjaga keberlanjutan habitat mangrove di Kota Langsa.
Kata kunci: diversitas, ekowisata, line-transect plot, mangrove.
References
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Mustika, D.I., Rusdiana, O. and Sukendro, A. 2014. ‘Pertumbuhan bakau minyak (Rhizophora apiculata) di persemaian mangrove Desa Muara Teluk Naga, Tangerang, Banten’, Bonorowo Wetlands, 4(2), pp. 108–116. Available at: https://doi.org/10.13057/ bonorowo/w040204.
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Suwanto, A. et al. 2021. ‘Diversity, biomass, covers, and ndvi of restored mangrove forests in karawang and subang coasts, west java, indonesia’, Biodiversitas, 22(9), pp. 4115–4122. Available at: https://doi.org/10.13057/ biodiv/d220960.
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Ward, R.D. et al. 2016. ‘Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems: a region by region overview’, Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 2(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/ehs2.1211.
Yanti, D.I.W. et al. 2021. ‘Community structure of mangrove in jeflio island, sorong regency, west papua, indonesia’, AACL Bioflux, 14(4), pp. 2181–2191.
Chen, G. et al. 2021. ‘Human-mediated dispersal redefines mangrove biogeography in the Anthropocene’, Ecography, 44(12), pp. 1845–1855. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/ ecog.05925.
Febri, A. et al. 2022. ‘Studi Perbandingan Morfologi Rhizopora apiculata Dengan Bruguiera cylindrica DiDesa Pematang Kuala Sebagai Bahan Pengembangan Modul Bio Marine.’, Best Journal, 5(1), pp. 50–56.
Febri, S.P., Putriningtias, A. and Faisal, T.M. 2017. ‘Kondisi Vegetasi Hutan Mangrove Kuala Langsa Kota Langsa – aceh’, Jurnal Ilmiah Samudra Akuatika, 1(1), pp. 12–19.
Fitrianingsih, Y.R. 2017. ‘Kajian Ekowisata Untuk Konservasi Mangrove : Studi Kasus Di Kecamatan Langsa Barat, Kota Langsa, Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam’, Journal of Aceh Aquatic Science, I(1), pp. 83–94. Available at: http://utu.ac.id/index.php/ jurnal.html.
Hanafi, I., Subhan, S. and Basri, H. 2021. ‘Analisis Vegetasi Mangrove (Studi Kasus di Hutan Mangrove Pulau Telaga Tujuh Kecamatan Langsa Barat)’, Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian, 6(4), pp. 740–748. Available at: https://doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v6i4.18137.
Hanggara, B.B. et al. 2021. ‘Effects of diverse mangrove management practices on forest structure, carbon dynamics and sedimentation in North Sumatra, Indonesia’, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 259, p. 107467. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss. 2021.107467.
Harefa, M.S. et al. 2023. ‘Floristic composition and carbon stock estimation under restored mangrove area in Bagan Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia’, Biodiversitas, 24(4), pp. 2037–2044. Available at: https://doi.org/ 10.13057/biodiv/d240413.
Haryanto, R., Siregar, S.H. and Suwondo. 2023 ‘Dampak Degradasi Mangrove Terhadap Hasil Perikanan Masyarakat’, Nasional Seminar on Sustainable Agricultural Technology Innovation, pp. 187–195.
Henri et al. 2023. ‘Assessment of species diversity, biomass and carbon stock of mangrove forests on belitung island, indonesia’, Biodiversitas, 24(12), pp. 6761–6769. Available at: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250103.
Hidayat, M. 2017. ‘Analisis Vegetasi Dan Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Di Kawasan Manifestasi Geotermal Ie Suum Kecamatan Mesjid Raya Kabupaten Aceh Besar’, BIOTIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan, 5(2), pp. 114–124. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22373/biotik.v5i2.3019.
Iswahyudi et al. 2020. ‘Environment Biophysical of Mangrove Forest in Langsa City, Aceh’, Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 10(1), pp. 98–110. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.10.1.98-110.
Kasihiw, P. et al. 2023. ‘Floristic richness and diversity of Bintuni mangrove, Bird’s Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia’, Biodiversitas, 24(5), pp. 2887–2897. Available at: https://doi.org/10.13057/ biodiv/d240543.
Krebs, C.J. 1989. Ecologycal methodology. London: Harper and Row Publishers.
Kusmana, C. 2018. ‘Mangrove plant utilization by local coastal community in Indonesia’, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 196(1), p. 012028. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/196/1/ 012028.
Latupapua, Y.T., Loppies, R. and Fara, F.D.S. 2019. ‘Mangrove Suitability Analysis as an Object of Ecotourism Attraction in Siahoni Village, Buru Utara Timur Regency, Maluku Province’, Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 7(3), p. 267. Available at: https://doi.org/10.23960/ jsl37267-276.
Maimunah, S. et al. 2021. ‘An assessment of tree biodiversity and carbon stocks in mangrove forests, Langsa City, Aceh, Indonesia’, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 886(1), p. 012085. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/886/1/ 012085.
Munardi, A.S. 2022. Keanekaragaman Gastropoda Di Hutan Mangrove Kuala Langsa Sebagai Referensi Matakuliah Ekologi Hewan, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry. Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry.
Mustika, D.I., Rusdiana, O. and Sukendro, A. 2014. ‘Pertumbuhan bakau minyak (Rhizophora apiculata) di persemaian mangrove Desa Muara Teluk Naga, Tangerang, Banten’, Bonorowo Wetlands, 4(2), pp. 108–116. Available at: https://doi.org/10.13057/ bonorowo/w040204.
Odum, E.P. 1994. Dasar-Dasar Ekologi. Terjemahan Tjahjono Samingan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Prinasti, N.K.D., Dharma, I.G.B.S. and Suteja, Y. 2020. ‘Struktur Komunitas Vegetasi Mangrove Berdasarkan Karakteristik Substrat di Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai, Bali’, Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences, 6(1), p. 90. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24843/ jmas.2020.v06.i01.p11.
Sahana, M., Areendran, G. and Sajjad, H. 2022. ‘Assessment of suitable habitat of mangrove species for prioritizing restoration in coastal ecosystem of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India’, Scientific Reports, 12(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24953-5.
Saidah, S., Harudu, L. and Kasmiati, S. 2024. ‘Deskripsi Kerusakan Ekosistem Hutan Mangrove’, Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Geofrafi, 9(1), pp. 11–23.
Setyadi, G. et al. 2021. ‘Mangrove diversity and community structure of mimika District, Papua, Indonesia’, Biodiversitas, 22(8), pp. 3562–3570. Available at: https://doi.org/10.13057/BIODIV/D220857.
Suciani, A., Rahmadi, M.T. and Islami, Z.R. 2020. ‘Analyzing mangrove forest area changes in coastal zone of Langsa City using landsat imagery’, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 500(1), p. 012084. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/500/1/012084.
Suwanto, A. et al. 2021. ‘Diversity, biomass, covers, and ndvi of restored mangrove forests in karawang and subang coasts, west java, indonesia’, Biodiversitas, 22(9), pp. 4115–4122. Available at: https://doi.org/10.13057/ biodiv/d220960.
Suwardi, A.B., Navia, Z.I. and Sofiyan. 2017. ‘Komposisi jenis dan cadangan karbon tersimpan di hutan mangrove Kuala Langsa, Aceh’, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Biodiversitas dan Ekologi Tropika Indonesia Ke-4 dan Kongres Penggalang Taksonomi Tumbuhan Indonesia Ke-12, pp. 19–27.
Tari, K., Iswahyudi and Siregar, D.S. 2020. ‘Kesesuaian Kawasan Untuk Pengembangan Ekowisata Hutan Mangrove Kuala Langsa’, Jurnal Belantara, 3(2), pp. 173–185.
Tefarani, R., Tri Martuti, N.K. and Ngabekti, S. 2019. ‘Keanekaragaman Spesies Mangrove dan Zonasi di Wilayah Kelurahan Mangunharjo Kecamatan Tugu Kota Semarang’, Life Science, 8(1), pp. 41–53. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15294/lifesci.v8i1.29989.
Wahida, N.S. et al. 2024. ‘Keanekaragaman Jenis Gastropoda Pada Lahan Silvofishery Mangrove Desa Eyat Mayang, Kecamatan Lembar, Kabupaten Lombok Barat’, Prosiding SAINTEK, 6(November 2023), pp. 153–166. Available at: https://doi.org/ 10.29303/saintek.v6i1.931.
Waleed, T.A. et al. 2024. Mangroves in Egypt and the Middle East: current status, threats, and opportunities, International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-024-05788-1.
Ward, R.D. et al. 2016. ‘Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems: a region by region overview’, Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 2(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/ehs2.1211.
Yanti, D.I.W. et al. 2021. ‘Community structure of mangrove in jeflio island, sorong regency, west papua, indonesia’, AACL Bioflux, 14(4), pp. 2181–2191.
Published
2025-09-30
How to Cite
NASUTION, Hasbi Assidiqi; SYAHPUTRA, Viqi; SUWARDI, Adi Bejo.
Struktur Struktur Komunitas dan Keanekaragaman Floristik Mangrove dalam Lanskap Ekowisata Kuala Langsa, Aceh.
BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 3, p. 247-256, sep. 2025.
ISSN 2714-8564.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/bioe/article/view/15869>. Date accessed: 15 oct. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2025.7.3.15869.
Section
Articles
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