Asesmen Morfo-Fisiologi Nepenthes adrianii Liar dan Budidaya
Morpho-Physiological Assessment of Wild and Cultivated Nepenthes adrianii
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https://doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2025.7.2.15848
Abstrak
N. adrianii, salah satu spesies Nepenthes asli Pulau Jawa, menghadapi tantangan konservasi karena kerentanan terhadap stress lingkungan serta kesulitan dalam perbanyakan dan budidayanya. Studi ini membandingkan karakteristik morfologi dan fisiologi N. adrianii yang telah dibudidaya dan dikonservasi di Kebun Raya Baturraden – terdiri dari generasi tetua (parental) dan F1 – dengan individu yang tumbuh liar di alam, untuk memahami bagaimana lingkungan budidaya mempengaruhi ekspresi fenotipik dan adaptasi. Analisis parametrik dilakukan terhadap data yang terdistribusi normal, sementara analisis nonparametrik diterapkan pada data yang tidak terdistribusi normal. Hasil studi menunjukkan penurunan signifikan pada semua ukuran kantung dan tendril, disertai peningkatan klorofil b, specific leaf area (SLA), dan kadar air daun pada generasi F1 N. adrianii yang dibudidayakan dibandingkan dengan N. adrianii yang tumbuh liar. Perbedaan ini terindikasi disebabkan oleh intensitas cahaya yang lebih rendah di lingkungan budidaya N. adrianii dibandingkan di lingkungan habitat alami N. adrianii liar.
Kata kunci: ex situ, fisiologi, in situ, morfologi, Nepenthes adrianii
Referensi
Anderson, C. G., Bond-Lamberty, B. & Stegen, J. C., 2020. Active Layer Depth and Soil Properties Impact Specific Leaf Area Variation and Ecosystem Productivity in a Boreal Forest. PLoS ONE, 15(12), pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232506
Armitage, D. W., 2016. The Cobra's Tongue: Rethinking The Function of The "Fishtail Appendage" on The Pitcher Plant Darlingtonia californica. American Journal of Botany, Volume 103, pp. 780-785. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1500524
Batoro, J. & Wartono, A., 2017. Review Status The Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) From Java Indonesia. Indian Journal of Plants Science, 6(1), pp. 12-16. http://www.cibtech.org/ jps.htm
Capo-Bauca, S., Font-Carrascosa, M., Ribas-Carbo, M., Pavlovic, A., & Galmes, J., 2020. Biochemical and Mesophyll Diffusional Limits to Photosynthesis are Determined by Prey and Root Nutrient Uptake in The Carnivorous Plant Nepenthes x ventrata. Annals of Botany, 126(1), pp. 25-37. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa041
Chen, J., Wu, S., Dong, F., Li, J., Zeng, L., Tang, J., & Gu, D., 2021. Mechanism Underlaying The Shading-Induced Chlorophyll Accumulation in Tea Leaves. Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 12, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fpls.2021.779819
Donoghue, M. J., Eaton, D. A. R., Maya-Lastra, C. A., Landis, M. J., Sweeney, P. W., Olson, M. E., Cacho, N. I., Moeglein, M. K., Gardner, J. R., Heaphy, N. M., Castorena, M., Rivas, A. S., Clement, W. L., & Edwards, E. J., 2022. Replication Radiation of a Plant Clade Along a Cloud Forest Archipelago. Nature Ecology & Evolution, Volume 6, pp. 1318-1329. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01823-x
Fiorucci, A. S. & Fankhauser, C., 2017. Plant Strategies for Enhancing Access to Sunlight. Current Biology, Volume 27, pp. R931-R940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.085
Francis, B. & Gilman, R. T., 2019. Light Intensity Affects Leaf Morphology in A Wild Population of Adenostyles alliariae (Asteraceae). Italian Botanist, 8(45), pp. 35-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist. 8.39393
Gao, J., Wang, K. & Zhang, X., 2022. Patterns and Drivers of Community Specific Leaf Area in China. Global Ecology and Conservation, Volume 33, p. e01971. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01971
Gilbert, K. J., Armitage, D., Bauer, U., Fukushima, K., Gaume, L., Love, R., Lin, Q., Liu, S., Martin-Eberhardt, S., Millett, J., Renner, T., Scharmann, M., & Thorogood, Cl., 2025. Construction cost and Tradeoffs in Carnivorous Pitcher Plant Leaves: Towards a Pitcher Leaf Economic Spectrum. Annals of Botany, p. mcaf024. https://doi.org/10.1093/ aob/mcaf024
Givnish, T. J., Sparks, W., Hunter, S. J. & Pavlovic, A., 2018. Why are Plants Carnivorous? Cost/benefit Analysis, Whole Plant Growth, and The Context-specific Advantages of Botanical Carnivory. In: A. Ellison & L. Adamec, eds. Carnivorous Plants: Physiology, Ecology and Evolution. s.l.:Oxford University Press, pp. 232-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0018
Grondelle, R. & Boeker, E., 2017. Limits on Natural Photosynthesis. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Volume 121, pp. 7229-7234. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03024
Handayani, T. & Hadiah, J. T., 2019. Pitcher Morphology and Pitcher Coloring of Nepenthes mirabilis Druce. from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. BIODIVERSITAS, 20(10), pp. 2824-2832. https://doi.org/ 10.13057/biodiv/d201007
Harapan, T. S., Ikhwan, A., Amolia, R. R., Zulaspita, W., Febriamansyah, T. A., Bibas, E., Sakdiah, H. T., Diniyati, F., Mutashim, M., Chairul, C., Taufiq, A., & Nurainas, N., 2022. Size doesn't Matter Shape does: A Morphological Study of Pitcher Plant in Distinct Forest Canopy Structures. s.l., IOP Publishing, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/976/1/ 012065
Hovakimyan, Z. H., Papikyan, A. S., Hayrapetyan, N. A., Hakobyan, E. A., Fayvush, G. M., & Gabrielyan, I. G., 2024. Eco-Physiological Characteristics of Corylus colurna and Taxus baccata in Armenia under In Situ and Ex Situ Conditions. Regulation Mechanisms in Biosystems, 15(3), pp. 543-547. https://doi.org/10.15421/022475
Hovenden, M. J. & Schoor, J. K. V., 2006. The Response of Leaf Morphology to Irradiance depends on Altitude of Origin in Nothofagus cunninghamii. New Phytologist, 169(2), pp. 291-297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01585.x
Lichtenthaler, H. K. & Wellburn, A. R., 1983. Determination of Total Carotenoids and Chlorophylls a and b of Leaf Extracts in Different Solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions, Volume 11, pp. 591-592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0110591
Liu, L., Lin, N., Liu, X., Yang, S., Wang, W., & Wan, X., 2020. From Chloroplast Biogenesis to Chlorophyll Accumulation: The Interplay of Light and Hormone on Gene Expression in Camellia sinensis cv. Shuchazao Leaves. Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 11, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00256
Liu, S. & Smith, S. D., 2023. Replicated Radiations in The South American Marsh Pitcher Plants (Heliamphora) Lead to Convergent Carnivorous Trap Morphologies. American Journal of Botany, 110(10), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16230
Liu, Y., Dwson, W., Prati, D., Haeuser, E., Feng, Y., Kleunen, & Mark, V., 2016. Does Greater Specific Leaf Area Plasticity Help Plants to Maintain A High Performance When Shaded?. Annals of Botany, Volume 118, pp. 1329-1336. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw180
Muhidin, S. E., Kaimuddin, Musa, Y., Sadimantara, G. R., Usman, Leomo, S., & Rakian, T. C., 2018. The Effect of Shade on Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin Content of Upland Red Rice. s.l., IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012030
Pareek, S., Sagar, N. A., Sharma, S., Kumar, V., Agarwal, T., Gondzalez-Aguilar, G., & Yahia, E. M., 2017. Chlorophylls: Chemistry and Biological Function. In: E. M. Yahia, ed. Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals: Chemistry and Human Health. 2nd ed. s.l.:John Wiley & Sons Ltd., pp. 269-284. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119158042.ch14
Reich, P. B., Ellsworth, D. S. & Walters, M. B., 1998. Leaf Structure (Specific Leaf Area) Modulates Photosynthesis-nitrogen Regulations: Evidence from Within and Across Species and Functional Group. Functional Ecology, Volume 12, pp. 948-958. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998. 00274.x
Rizqiani, S., Ariyanti, N. S. & Sulistijorini, 2018. Diversity of Lowland Nepenthes (Pitcher Plants) in Bangka Belitung Island. s.l., IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/197/1/012021
Sano, T., Horie, H., Matsunaga, A. & Hirono, Y., 2018. Effect of Shading Intensity on Morphological and Color Traits and on Chemical Components of New Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Shoot under Direct Covering Cultivation. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(15), pp. 5666-5676. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9112
Segala, M. C. & Horner, J. D., 2023. The Effects of Light Availability, Prey Capture, and Their Interaction on Pitcher Plant Morphology. Plant Ecology, Volume 224, pp. 539-548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-023-01320-6
Sumanta, N., Haque, C. I., Nishika, J. & Suprakash, R., 2014. Spectrophotometric Analysis of Chlorophyll and Carotenoids from Commonly Grown Fern Species by Using Various Extracting Solvents. Research Journal of Chemical Science, 4(9), pp. 63-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1340072
Thornton, P. E. & Zimmermann, N. E., 2007. An Improved Canopy Integration Scheme for a Land Surface Model with Prognostic Canopy Structure. Journal of Climate, Volume 20, pp. 3902-3923. https://doi.org/10.1175/ JCLI4222.1
Wang, K., Li, W., Deng, L., Lyu, Q., Zheng, Y., Yi, S., Xie, R., Ma, Y., & He, S., 2018. Rapid Detection of Chlorophyll Content and Distribution in Citrus Orchards Based on Low-altitude Remote Sensing and Bio-sensors. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 11(2), pp. 164-169.
Wan, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, M., Hong, A., Yang, H. Y., & Liu, Y., 2020. Shade Effect on Growth, Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Three Paeonia species. PeerJ, Volume 8, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9316
Yamashita, H., Tanka, Y., Umetsu, K., Morita, S., Ono, Y., Suzuki, T., Takemoto, T., Morita, A., & Ikka, T., 2020. Phenotypic Markers Reflecting The Status of Overstressed Tea Plants Subjected to Repeated Shade Cultivation. Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 11, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.556476
Zhou, H., Zhou, G., He, Q., Zhou, L., Ji, Y. & Zhou, M., 2020. Environmental explanation of maize specific leaf area under varying water stress regimes. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 171, p.103932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103932
Armitage, D. W., 2016. The Cobra's Tongue: Rethinking The Function of The "Fishtail Appendage" on The Pitcher Plant Darlingtonia californica. American Journal of Botany, Volume 103, pp. 780-785. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1500524
Batoro, J. & Wartono, A., 2017. Review Status The Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) From Java Indonesia. Indian Journal of Plants Science, 6(1), pp. 12-16. http://www.cibtech.org/ jps.htm
Capo-Bauca, S., Font-Carrascosa, M., Ribas-Carbo, M., Pavlovic, A., & Galmes, J., 2020. Biochemical and Mesophyll Diffusional Limits to Photosynthesis are Determined by Prey and Root Nutrient Uptake in The Carnivorous Plant Nepenthes x ventrata. Annals of Botany, 126(1), pp. 25-37. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa041
Chen, J., Wu, S., Dong, F., Li, J., Zeng, L., Tang, J., & Gu, D., 2021. Mechanism Underlaying The Shading-Induced Chlorophyll Accumulation in Tea Leaves. Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 12, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fpls.2021.779819
Donoghue, M. J., Eaton, D. A. R., Maya-Lastra, C. A., Landis, M. J., Sweeney, P. W., Olson, M. E., Cacho, N. I., Moeglein, M. K., Gardner, J. R., Heaphy, N. M., Castorena, M., Rivas, A. S., Clement, W. L., & Edwards, E. J., 2022. Replication Radiation of a Plant Clade Along a Cloud Forest Archipelago. Nature Ecology & Evolution, Volume 6, pp. 1318-1329. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-022-01823-x
Fiorucci, A. S. & Fankhauser, C., 2017. Plant Strategies for Enhancing Access to Sunlight. Current Biology, Volume 27, pp. R931-R940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.085
Francis, B. & Gilman, R. T., 2019. Light Intensity Affects Leaf Morphology in A Wild Population of Adenostyles alliariae (Asteraceae). Italian Botanist, 8(45), pp. 35-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist. 8.39393
Gao, J., Wang, K. & Zhang, X., 2022. Patterns and Drivers of Community Specific Leaf Area in China. Global Ecology and Conservation, Volume 33, p. e01971. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01971
Gilbert, K. J., Armitage, D., Bauer, U., Fukushima, K., Gaume, L., Love, R., Lin, Q., Liu, S., Martin-Eberhardt, S., Millett, J., Renner, T., Scharmann, M., & Thorogood, Cl., 2025. Construction cost and Tradeoffs in Carnivorous Pitcher Plant Leaves: Towards a Pitcher Leaf Economic Spectrum. Annals of Botany, p. mcaf024. https://doi.org/10.1093/ aob/mcaf024
Givnish, T. J., Sparks, W., Hunter, S. J. & Pavlovic, A., 2018. Why are Plants Carnivorous? Cost/benefit Analysis, Whole Plant Growth, and The Context-specific Advantages of Botanical Carnivory. In: A. Ellison & L. Adamec, eds. Carnivorous Plants: Physiology, Ecology and Evolution. s.l.:Oxford University Press, pp. 232-255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0018
Grondelle, R. & Boeker, E., 2017. Limits on Natural Photosynthesis. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Volume 121, pp. 7229-7234. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b03024
Handayani, T. & Hadiah, J. T., 2019. Pitcher Morphology and Pitcher Coloring of Nepenthes mirabilis Druce. from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. BIODIVERSITAS, 20(10), pp. 2824-2832. https://doi.org/ 10.13057/biodiv/d201007
Harapan, T. S., Ikhwan, A., Amolia, R. R., Zulaspita, W., Febriamansyah, T. A., Bibas, E., Sakdiah, H. T., Diniyati, F., Mutashim, M., Chairul, C., Taufiq, A., & Nurainas, N., 2022. Size doesn't Matter Shape does: A Morphological Study of Pitcher Plant in Distinct Forest Canopy Structures. s.l., IOP Publishing, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/976/1/ 012065
Hovakimyan, Z. H., Papikyan, A. S., Hayrapetyan, N. A., Hakobyan, E. A., Fayvush, G. M., & Gabrielyan, I. G., 2024. Eco-Physiological Characteristics of Corylus colurna and Taxus baccata in Armenia under In Situ and Ex Situ Conditions. Regulation Mechanisms in Biosystems, 15(3), pp. 543-547. https://doi.org/10.15421/022475
Hovenden, M. J. & Schoor, J. K. V., 2006. The Response of Leaf Morphology to Irradiance depends on Altitude of Origin in Nothofagus cunninghamii. New Phytologist, 169(2), pp. 291-297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01585.x
Lichtenthaler, H. K. & Wellburn, A. R., 1983. Determination of Total Carotenoids and Chlorophylls a and b of Leaf Extracts in Different Solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions, Volume 11, pp. 591-592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0110591
Liu, L., Lin, N., Liu, X., Yang, S., Wang, W., & Wan, X., 2020. From Chloroplast Biogenesis to Chlorophyll Accumulation: The Interplay of Light and Hormone on Gene Expression in Camellia sinensis cv. Shuchazao Leaves. Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 11, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00256
Liu, S. & Smith, S. D., 2023. Replicated Radiations in The South American Marsh Pitcher Plants (Heliamphora) Lead to Convergent Carnivorous Trap Morphologies. American Journal of Botany, 110(10), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16230
Liu, Y., Dwson, W., Prati, D., Haeuser, E., Feng, Y., Kleunen, & Mark, V., 2016. Does Greater Specific Leaf Area Plasticity Help Plants to Maintain A High Performance When Shaded?. Annals of Botany, Volume 118, pp. 1329-1336. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw180
Muhidin, S. E., Kaimuddin, Musa, Y., Sadimantara, G. R., Usman, Leomo, S., & Rakian, T. C., 2018. The Effect of Shade on Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin Content of Upland Red Rice. s.l., IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/122/1/012030
Pareek, S., Sagar, N. A., Sharma, S., Kumar, V., Agarwal, T., Gondzalez-Aguilar, G., & Yahia, E. M., 2017. Chlorophylls: Chemistry and Biological Function. In: E. M. Yahia, ed. Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals: Chemistry and Human Health. 2nd ed. s.l.:John Wiley & Sons Ltd., pp. 269-284. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119158042.ch14
Reich, P. B., Ellsworth, D. S. & Walters, M. B., 1998. Leaf Structure (Specific Leaf Area) Modulates Photosynthesis-nitrogen Regulations: Evidence from Within and Across Species and Functional Group. Functional Ecology, Volume 12, pp. 948-958. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.1998. 00274.x
Rizqiani, S., Ariyanti, N. S. & Sulistijorini, 2018. Diversity of Lowland Nepenthes (Pitcher Plants) in Bangka Belitung Island. s.l., IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/197/1/012021
Sano, T., Horie, H., Matsunaga, A. & Hirono, Y., 2018. Effect of Shading Intensity on Morphological and Color Traits and on Chemical Components of New Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Shoot under Direct Covering Cultivation. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(15), pp. 5666-5676. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9112
Segala, M. C. & Horner, J. D., 2023. The Effects of Light Availability, Prey Capture, and Their Interaction on Pitcher Plant Morphology. Plant Ecology, Volume 224, pp. 539-548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-023-01320-6
Sumanta, N., Haque, C. I., Nishika, J. & Suprakash, R., 2014. Spectrophotometric Analysis of Chlorophyll and Carotenoids from Commonly Grown Fern Species by Using Various Extracting Solvents. Research Journal of Chemical Science, 4(9), pp. 63-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1340072
Thornton, P. E. & Zimmermann, N. E., 2007. An Improved Canopy Integration Scheme for a Land Surface Model with Prognostic Canopy Structure. Journal of Climate, Volume 20, pp. 3902-3923. https://doi.org/10.1175/ JCLI4222.1
Wang, K., Li, W., Deng, L., Lyu, Q., Zheng, Y., Yi, S., Xie, R., Ma, Y., & He, S., 2018. Rapid Detection of Chlorophyll Content and Distribution in Citrus Orchards Based on Low-altitude Remote Sensing and Bio-sensors. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 11(2), pp. 164-169.
Wan, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, M., Hong, A., Yang, H. Y., & Liu, Y., 2020. Shade Effect on Growth, Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Three Paeonia species. PeerJ, Volume 8, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9316
Yamashita, H., Tanka, Y., Umetsu, K., Morita, S., Ono, Y., Suzuki, T., Takemoto, T., Morita, A., & Ikka, T., 2020. Phenotypic Markers Reflecting The Status of Overstressed Tea Plants Subjected to Repeated Shade Cultivation. Frontiers in Plant Science, Volume 11, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.556476
Zhou, H., Zhou, G., He, Q., Zhou, L., Ji, Y. & Zhou, M., 2020. Environmental explanation of maize specific leaf area under varying water stress regimes. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 171, p.103932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.103932
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2025-06-28
##submission.howToCite##
RAMADANI, Didi et al.
Asesmen Morfo-Fisiologi Nepenthes adrianii Liar dan Budidaya.
BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 163-170, june 2025.
ISSN 2714-8564.
Tersedia pada: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/bioe/article/view/15848>. Tanggal Akses: 01 july 2025
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2025.7.2.15848.
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