Studi Studi Keanekaragaman dan Pemanfaatan Sirih-sirihan (Piperaceae) Sebagai Obat Tradisioal di Desa Tanjung Merawa Kecamatan Tiganderket Kabupaten Karo
Study of Diversity and Utilization of Betel Leaves (Piperaceae) as Traditional Medicine in Tanjung Merawa Village, Tiganderket District, Karo Regency
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman dan pemanfaatan tumbuhan sirih-sirihan (Piperaceae) sebagai obat tradisional di Desa Tanjung Merawa. Tumbuhan sirih-sirihan telah lama digunakan oleh masyarakat setempat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, namun informasi mengenai spesies yang digunakan dan cara pemanfaatannya masih terbatas. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu observasi untuk menjelajahi lokasi penelitian guna menemukan tumbuhan sirih-sirihan, wawancara dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai pemanfaatan tumbuhan sirih-sirihan sabagai tumbuhan obat, serta dokumentasi dan analisis data. Pemilihan informan menggunakan purposive sampling, dengan memilih 10 informan kunci dan 20 informan non-kunci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 8 spesies tumbuhan sirih-sirihan (Piperaceae) yang ditemukan di desa Tanjung Merawa dan dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional. Tumbuhan-tumbuhan tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam dua genus, yaitu Piper dan Peperomia. Genus Piper mencakup sirih hijau (Piper betle), sirih merah (Piper crocatum), sirih hutan (Piper aduncum), lada hitam (Piper nigrum), dan sirih kuning, sirih udang, serta sirih belasih (Piper spp). Sedangkan genus Peperomia terdapat sirih cina (Peperomia pellucida). Pengolahan tumbuhan dilakukan dengan cara direbus (40%), dikunyah (32,5%), diremas (15%), dan dihaluskan (12,5%). Sementara itu, cara penggunaannya bervariasi, di antaranya ditempel (22,5%), diminum (20%), dimakan (17,5%), disembur (15%), dimandikan (12,5%), dikompres (5%), dikumur (5%), dan ditetes (2,5%).
Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman, Sirih-sirihan, Pemanfaatan, Obat Tradisional, Masyarakat Tanjung Merawa
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