Exploring Traditional and Emerging Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Overview of Diagnostic and Prognostic Tools
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is Among the most prevalent and globally widespread metabolic disorders. Though it has been associated with elderly people, recently the prevalence of younger individuals affected with T2DM has significantly increased. Currently, there is a broad range of diabetic biomarkers with those extensively used in clinical medicine such as HbA1c and those on ongoing research. Despite the competence of current diabetes biomarkers, they all display limitations in terms of accuracy and convenience, for this reason, there is a continuous urge to discover reliable, precise, and conventional biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of patients. This review encompasses a comprehensive background on both traditional as well as novel T2DM biomarkers therefore guides future research.
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Vasu S, Kumano K, Darden CM, Rahman I, Lawrence MC, Naziruddin B. 2019. MicroRNA Signatures as Future Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Diabetes States. Cells. 8(12), pp. 1533. Published 2019 Nov 28. https://doi:10.3390/cells8121533
Bashir M. Th., Mohammed M. Ch., Haji A. A., Mohammed H. I. 2024. Study for Evaluation of the Protective Effects of Urtica Dioica Leaves on Cardiac Function In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rat. Egypt. J. Vet. Sci. 55(2), pp. 313-323. DOI:10.21608/ EJVS.2023.223310.1543
Beltrami C, Angelini TG, Emanueli C. 2015. Noncoding RNAs in diabetes vascular complications. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 89(Pt A), pp. 42-50. https://doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014. 12.014
Carstensen M, Herder C, Kivimäki M, et al. 2010. Accelerated increase in serum interleukin-1 receptor antagonist starts 6 years before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: Whitehall II prospective cohort study. Diabetes. 59(5), pp. 1222-1227. https://doi:10.2337/db09-1199
Christian Herder, Eric J. Brunner, Wolfgang Rathmann, et al. 2009. Elevated Levels of the Anti-Inflammatory Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Precede the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes: The Whitehall II Study. Diabetes Care 1 March ; 32 (3), pp. 421–423. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1161
Ding L, Song A, Dai M, et al. 2015. Serum lipoprotein (a) concentrations are inversely associated with T2D, prediabetes, and insulin resistance in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. J Lipid Res. 56(4), pp. 920-926. https://doi:10.1194/jlr.P049015
Dorcely B, Katz K, Jagannathan R, et al. Novel biomarkers for prediabetes, diabetes, and associated complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2017;10:345-361. https://doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S100074
Felig P, Marliss E, Cahill GF Jr. 1969. Plasma amino acid levels and insulin secretion in obesity. N Engl J Med. 281(15), pp. 811-816. https://doi:10.1056/NEJM196910092811503
Filippatos TD, Rizos EC, Tsimihodimos V, Gazi IF, Tselepis AD, Elisaf MS. 2013. Small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses are increased with decreased activity of HDL-associated phospholipase A₂ in subjects with prediabetes. Lipids. 8(6), pp. 547-555. https://doi:10.1007/s11745-013-3787-1
Ghosh P, Sahoo R, Vaidya A, Chorev M, Halperin JA. 2015. Role of complement and complement regulatory proteins in the complications of diabetes. Endocr Rev. 36(3), pp. 272-288. https://doi:10.1210/er.2014-1099
Guay C, Regazzi R. 2013Circulating microRNAs as novel biomarkers for diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 9(9), pp. 513-521. https://doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.86
Huang, T., Glass, K., Zeleznik, O. A., Kang, J. H., Ivey, K. L., Sonawane, A. R., Birmann, B. M., Hersh, C. P., Hu, F. B., & Tworoger, S. S. 2019. A Network Analysis of Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes. 68(2), pp. 281-290. https://doi:10.2337/db18-0892
International Expert Committee. 2009. International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1C assay in the diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 32 (7), pp. 1327-1334. https://doi:10.2337/dc09-9033
Jian C, Zhao A, Ma X, et al. 2020. Diabetes Screening: Detection and Application of Saliva 1,5-Anhydroglucitol by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 105(6), pp. 114. https://doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa114
Khan RMM, Chua ZJY, Tan JC, Yang Y, Liao Z, Zhao Y. 2019. From Pre-Diabetes to Diabetes: Diagnosis, Treatments and Translational Research. Medicina (Kaunas). 55(9), pp. 546. https://doi:10.3390/medicina55090546
Kahn SE, Chen YC, Esser N, et al. 2021. The β Cell in Diabetes: Integrating Biomarkers With Functional Measures. Endocr Rev. ;42(5), pp. 528-583. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/ bnab021
Laakso M. 2019. Biomarkers for type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab. 27S(Suppl), pp. S139-S146. https:// doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2019.06.016
Lyons TJ, Basu A. 2012. Biomarkers in diabetes: hemoglobin A1c, vascular and tissue markers. Transl Res. 159(4), pp. 303-312. https://doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2012.01.009
Ortiz-Martínez M, González-González M, Martagón AJ, Hlavinka V, Willson RC, Rito-Palomares M. 2022. Recent Developments in Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Screening of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 22(3), pp. 95-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11892-022-01453-4
Pitkänen E. 1990. 1,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol--a novel type of sugar in the human organism. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 201, pp. 55-62.
Vasu S, Kumano K, Darden CM, Rahman I, Lawrence MC, Naziruddin B. 2019. MicroRNA Signatures as Future Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Diabetes States. Cells. 8(12), pp. 1533. Published 2019 Nov 28. https://doi:10.3390/cells8121533
Published
2024-12-25
How to Cite
MOHAMMED, Chinar Mustafa; AHMED, Dilveen Y.; NAIF, Rondik O..
Exploring Traditional and Emerging Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Overview of Diagnostic and Prognostic Tools.
BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 4, p. 256-262, dec. 2024.
ISSN 2714-8564.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/bioe/article/view/13603>. Date accessed: 12 mar. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2024.6.4.13603.
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