Aktivitas Anti-Mycobacterium Ekstrak Lada Hitam (Piper nigrum) dan Bawang Bombai (Allium cepa L.) serta Kombinasinya
Anti-Mycobacterium Activity of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) and Onion (Allium cepa L.) Extracts, and Their Combination
Abstract
Eksplorasi senyawa aktif dari tanaman terutama dari lada hitam (Piper nigrum) dan bawang bombai (Allium cepa L.) dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi infeksi tuberkulosis (TB) sebagai alternatif dari antibiotik yang tersedia saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas anti-Mycobacterium dari ekstrak P. nigrum, A. cepa, dan kombinasinya serta mengidentifikasi profil metabolitnya. Metabolit yang berasal dari tanaman ini diekstraksi menggunakan teknik maserasi dengan etanol 70%. Ekstrak A. cepa menunjukkan hasil ekstraksi yang lebih tinggi yaitu 19,18% daripada P. nigrum (8,15%). Di antara lima formula yang berbeda (F1-F5), F5 (hanya mengandung ekstrak P. nigrum) menunjukkan aktivitas anti-Mycobacterium terkuat dengan zona penghambatan 12±0 mm dengan metode difusi cakram. Ekstrak tersebut juga menunjukkan minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) terkuat dibandingkan dengan formula lain, dengan nilai MIC sebesar 0,312 mg/mL. Selain itu, semua formula menunjukkan nilai minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) lebih besar dari 10 mg/mL. Analisis LC-MS/MS mengidentifikasi bahwa kedua ekstrak tanaman ini memiliki profil metabolit yang berbeda, beberapa di antaranya telah dilaporkan sebagai agen antimikroba. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak yang berasal dari P. nigrum lebih aktif daripada ekstrak A. cepa dan kombinasinya. Ekstrak P. nigrum sangat menjanjikan untuk studi dan pengembangan lebih lanjut sebagai agen anti-Mycobacterium berbasis tanaman.
Kata kunci: Antibakteri, bawang bombai, lada hitam, Mycobacterium smegmatis, tuberkulosis
References
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Anggraini, S., & Retnaningsih, A. 2022. Skrining fitokimia dan uji daya hambat ekstrak bawang bombai (Allium cepa L.) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli penyebab diare. JAF, 7(1), pp. 1-12.
Bendaif, H., Melhaoui, A., Ramdani, M., Elmsellem, H., Douez, C. & El Ouadi, Y. 2016. Review on application and management of medicinal plants for the livelihood of the local community. J Resour Develop Manag, 22, pp. 33−39.
Dayan, N. 2008. Skin Aging Handbook. William Andrew. Norwich.
Dickler, N.W., Holtom P., & Spellberg B. 2018. Busting the myth of “static vs cidal”: a systemic literature review. Infectious Diseases Society of America, 66, pp. 1470-1474.
Dinas Ketahanan Pangan, Tanaman Pangan, dan Hortikultura Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. 2022. Panen Bawang Bombay di Demplot Saptomulyo Kecamatan Kota Gajah. https://dkptph.lampungtengahkab.go.id/ album-panen-bawang-bombay-di-demplot-saptomulyo-kecamatan-kota-gajah.html . Diakses 21 Oktober 2024.
Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Lampung. 2022. Penyajian data statistik persebaran luas areal dan produksi komoditas lada dinas perkebunan di provinsi lampung tahun 2020 melalui peta gis (geographic information system). https://disbun.lampungprov.go.id/ detail-post/penyajian-data-statistik-persebaran-luas-areal-dan-produksi-komoditas-lada-dinas-perkebunan-di-provinsi-lampung-tahun-2020-melalui-peta-gis-geographic-information-system. Diakses 21 Oktober 2024.
Du, F.Y., Ju, G.L., Xiao, L., Zhou, Y.M., dan Xia, W. 2020. Sesquiterpenes and cyclodepsipeptides from marine-derived fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum and their antagonistic activities against soil-borne pathogens. Marine Drugs, 18(165), pp. 1-10.
Hasanpour, Z., Salehi, P., Aliahmadi, A., Hoseinpour, M., Behboodi, H., Staerkm, D. & Bararjanian, M. 2023. Semi-synthesis of novel thebaine derivatives with low cytotoxicity and their antibacterial and antihemolytic properties. Med Chem Res, 32, pp. 1713–1725.
Islam, M.S., Noor, M.A. & Hossain, M.S. 2015. Chemical investigation of bioactive compounds of black pepper. Int J Pharm Sci Res, 6(4), pp. 1721−1726.
Jeffrey, L.N., Ardrey, A., Hafiz, T.A., Dyer, L.A., Warman, A.J., & Mosallam, N. 2023. Identification of 2-aryl-quinolone inhibitors of cytochrome bd and chemical validation of combination strategies for respiratory inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Diseases, 9(2), pp. 221–238.
Jiwintarum, Y., Diarti, M.W., Adnyana, I.G.A. & Tamhid, H.A. 2022. Antibacterial activity of the combination of Mentha spicata and Allium sativum extracts on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. Scientific Journal of Pharmacy, 18(1), pp. 101-120.
Kass, L.R. 1968. The antibacterial activity of 3-decynoyl-N-acetylcysteamine. Jounral of Biological Chemistry, 243(12), pp. 3223-3228.
Khan, A.U., Talucder, M.S.A., Das, M., Noreen, S. & Pane, S. 2021. Prospect of the black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) as natural product used to an herbal medicine. Journal Medical Science, 12(9), pp. 563-573.
Koirala, N., Modi, B., Subba, R.K., Panthi, M. & Xiao, J. 2021. Medicinal Plants in Targeting Tuberculosis II. Springer Nature. Singapore.
Lelovic, N., Mitachi, K., Yang, J., Lemieux, M.R., Ji, Y. & Kurosu, M. 2020. Application of Mycobacterium smegmatis as a surrogate to evaluate drug leads against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Journal of Antibiotics, 73, pp. 780-789.
Lima, R.G.D., Barros, M. & Laurentiz, R.D.S. 2018. Medicinal attributes of lignans extracted from Piper cubeba: current developments. ChemPubSoc, 7, pp. 180-191.
Lin, Y., Li, Y., Zhu, N., Han, Y., Jiang, W., & Wang, Y. 2014. The antituberculosis antibiotic capreomycin inhibits protein synthesis by disrupting interaction between ribosomal proteins L12 and L10. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 58(4), pp. 2038–2044.
Martins, N. 2016. Chemical composition and bioactive compounds of garlic (Allium sativum L.) as affected by pre- and post-harvest conditions: a review. Food Chem, 211, pp. 41–50.
Mbikay, M., & Chrétien, M. 2022. Isoquercetin as an Anti-Covid-19 Medication: A Potential to Realize. Front Pharmacol, 13, pp. 1-13.
Moraru, A.C., Rosca, I., Craciun, B., Nicolescu, A., Chriac, A.E. & Voicu, V. 2019. Insights of the antimicrobial activity of piperine extracted from Piper nigrum L. Farmacia, 67(6), pp. 1099-1105.
NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard). 2020. Perfomance standard for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Ninth information supplement. 30th edition. NCCLS, Malvern, PA, 40(1), pp. 1-294.
Oyawoye, O.M., Olotu, T.M., Nzekwe, S.C., Idowu, J.A., Abdullahi, T.A., Babatunde, S.O., Ridwan, I.A., Batiha, G.E., Idowu, N., Alorabi, M. & Faidah, H. 2022. Antioxidant potential and antibacterial activities of Allium cepa (onion) and Allium sativum (garlic) against the multidrug resistance bacteria. Bull Natl Res Cent, 46, pp. 214.
Pakekong, E.D., Homenta, H. dan Mintjelungan, C.N. 2016. Uji daya hambat ekstrak bawang bombai (Allium cepa L.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro. Pharmacon. 5(1), pp. 32-38.
Rahmi, M., Sari, T.M. dan Melia, A. 2019. Uji aktivitas antijamur minyak atsiri bawang bombai (Allium cepa L.) terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa. JPFI. 8(1), pp. 6-11.
Ramalingam, M. dan Kim, S.J. 2016. Pharmacological activities and applications of spicatoside a. Biomolecules and Therapeutics. 24(5), pp. :469-474.
Riaz, M.S., Kaur, A., Shwayat, S.N., Behboudi, S., Kishore, U., & Pathan, A.A. 2020. Dissecting the mechanism of intracellular Mycobacterium smegmatis growth inhibition by platelet activating factor C-16. Front Microbiol, 11, pp. 1–14.
Sasikumar, K., Ghosh, A.R., & Dusthackeer, A. 2018. Antimycobacterial potentials of quercetin and rutin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. 3 Biotech, 8(427), pp. 1-6.
Sari, D.R.A.P., Yustiantara, P.S., Paramita, N.L.P.V. & Wirausta, I.M.A.G. 2014. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol buah lada hitam (Piper nigrum L.) terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Jurnal Farmasi Udayana, 3(2), pp. 40-43.
Sharma, D., Rani, R., Chaturvedi, M., Rohilla, P. & Yadav, J.P. 2019. In silico and in vitro approach of Allium cepa and isolated kuersetin against MDR bacterial strains and Mycobacterium smegmatis. S Afr J Bot, 124 , pp. 29-35.
Shetty, A. & Dick, T. 2018. Mycobacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitors cause lethal ATP burst. Front Microbiol. 9, pp. 1–9.
Silva, A.C.O, Santana, E.F., Saraiva, A.M., Coutinho, F.N., Castro, R.H.A., Pisciottano, M.N.C., Amorim, E.L.C. & Albuquerque, U.P. 2013. Which approach is more effective in the selection of plants with antimicrobial activity?. Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1(1), pp. 1-9.
Silva, M.L.A., Martins, C.H.G., Lucarini, R., Sato, D.N., Pavanb, F.R., Freitas, N.H.A., Andrade, L.N., Pereira, A.C., Bianco, T.N.C., & Vinholis, A.H.C. 2009. Antimycobacterial activity of natural and semi-synthetic lignans. Z. Naturforsch. C, 64, pp. 779–784.
Šimunović, K., Solnier, J., Alperth, F., Kunert, O., Možina, S., & Bucar, F. 2021. Efflux Pump inhibition and resistance modulation in Mycobacterium smegmatis by Peucedanum ostruthium and its coumarins. Antibiotics, 10, pp. 1–17.
Srivastava, A.K. & Singh, V.K. 2017. Biological action of Piper nigrum - the king of species. European Journal of Biological Research, 7(3), pp. 223-233.
Szafran, M.J., Kołodziej, M., Skut, P., Medapi, B., Domagała, A., & Trojanowski, D. 2018. Amsacrine derivatives selectively inhibit mycobacterial topoisomerase I (topa), impair M. smegmatis growth and disturb chromosome replication. Front Microbiol, 17(9), pp. 1–13.
Wu, C., Zhang, Q., Yang, F., Song, M., Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, X., Ge, D., Liu, N. & Zhang, H. 2020. New oxylipins from Siegesbeckia glabrescens as potential antibacterial agents. Fitoterapia, 145, pp. 104613.
Published
2024-12-23
How to Cite
ULFA, Aulia et al.
Aktivitas Anti-Mycobacterium Ekstrak Lada Hitam (Piper nigrum) dan Bawang Bombai (Allium cepa L.) serta Kombinasinya.
BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 4, p. 226-232, dec. 2024.
ISSN 2714-8564.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/bioe/article/view/13221>. Date accessed: 15 feb. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.bioe.2024.6.4.13221.
Section
Articles
