Peran dan Tantangan Kerjasama Subregional dalam Mewujudkan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA): Pendekatan Multilevel Governance

Abstract

Abstrak
Penelitian ini menganalisa pembentukan Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) melalui pendekatan multilevel governance. Yakni, melihat dinamika integrasi ekonomi ASEAN dalam proses pengambilan kebijakan baik di tingkat makro-regional yakni pada level regional ASEAN, maupun mikro-regional yang dalam hal ini peranan di level subregional. Kapasitas kerjasama subregional sangat penting terutama sebagai dinamisator ekonomi di wilayah-wilayah terbelakang sekaligus sebagai wadah dalam menerapkan kebijakan alternatif untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan integrasi ekonomi regional. Kemampuan ASEAN untuk mendorong penyempitan jarak kesenjangan pembangunan antara negara-negara CLMV (Kamboja, Laos, Myanamar dan Vietnam) dengan ASEAN6, serta kesenjangan konektivitas antara tiga subregional yakni GMS (Greater Mekong Subregion), IMT-GT (Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle), dan BIMP-EAGA (Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area) sangat penting dalam upaya mendorong konvergensi kepentingan dan kohesivitas regional menuju kawasan yang berdaya saing.

Kata-Kata Kunci: multilevel governance, integrasi ekonomi regional, kesenjangan pembangunan, kesenjangan konektivitas, subregional.

Abstract
This research analyzes the formation of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) using multilevel governance approach. It sees through the dynamic integration of ASEAN in the process of policy-making both at macro-regional level that is the ASEAN regional level, as well as micro-regional role in this regard subregional. The capacity of subregional cooperation is particularly important as the economic dynamist in remote areas as well as the container in implementing alternative policies to achieve the objectives of regional economic integration. ASEAN's ability to drive the distance narrowing the development gap between CLMV countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanamar and Vietnam) with ASEAN6, as well as the gap between the three subregional connectivity the GMS (Greater Mekong Subregion), IMT-GT (Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle), and BIMP-EAGA (Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area) is very important in order to encourage the convergence of interests and regional cohesion towards regional competitiveness.

Keywords: multilevel governance, regional economic integration, development gap, connectivity gap, subregional.