Upaya Perimbangan Kekuatan Iran-Arab Saudi melalui Perang Suriah untuk Memenangi Kontestasi Geopolitik di Timur Tengah
Abstract
Abstrak
Perang Saudara di Suriah terjadi karena perebutan kekuasaan antara pemerintah Bashar Al-Assad dengan tentara pemberontak Suriah. Perang tersebut terjadi tidak hanya melibatkan kekuatan internal Suriah, tetapi juga kekuatan besar yang ada di Timur Tengah yaitu Iran dan Arab Saudi. Perang Suriah dijadikan ajang untuk mengimbangi kekuatan antara Iran dan Arab Saudi melalui proxy mereka. Iran mendukung pemerintah Bashar Al-Assad sedangkan Arab Saudi menyatakan dukungan mereka kepada tentara pemberontak. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk membahas strategi kedua negara dalam mengimbangi kekuatan rivalnya melalui proxy balancing. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah kualitatif dan penulis menggunakan konsep pattern of competition dan konsep geopolitik. Simpulan yang didapat dari artikel ini adalah Iran dan Arab Saudi menggunakan proxy mereka pada Perang Suriah untuk mengimbangi kekuatan rivalnya dan memenangkan kontestasi geopolitik di Timur Tengah.
Keywords: Iran, Arab Saudi, Perang Suriah, Perimbangan Kekuatan, Geopolitik, Timur Tengah
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Burdah, I. (2008). Konflik Timur Tengah: Aktor, Isu dan Dimensi Konflik. Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana
Creswell, John W. 2007. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. California: Sage Publication
Cohen, S. B. (2015). Geopolitics: The Geography of International Politics. Third Edition. London: Rowman & Littlefield.
Djalili, M. &. (2014). Iran’s Syria policy in the wake of the ‘Arab Springs'. Turkish Review, Vol. 4 No. 4 2014, 396-405.
Fawcett, L. (2016). International Relations of The Middle East (4th ed). England: Oxford Press
Financial Tribune. (2017) New Page in Iran-Syria Economic Relations. Retrieved from Financial Tribune: Economy: https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-business-and-markets/57826/new-page-in-iran-syria-economic-relations
Fulton, W. H. (2013). Iranian Strategy In Syria. Retrieved from Understandingwar.org:http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/IranianStrategyinSyria-1MAY.pdf
Gelbart, J. (2010). The Iran-Syria Axis: A Critical Investigation. Stanford Journal of International Relations Vol. XII No. 1 Fall 2010, 36-42.
Gulcan, P. (2016). From Stillness to Aggression: The Policy of Saudi Arabia towards Syria after the Arab Spring. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol.6 (9) September 2016
Groof, M. (2013). Arms Transfers to the Syrian Arab Republic: Practice and Legality. Brussels: GRIP.
Global Firepower. (2020). Retrieved from https://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-listing.asp, [Diakses, 22 Februari 2020]
Jahner, A. (2012). Saudi Arabia and Iran: The Struggle for Power and Influence in the Gulf. International Affairs Review Volume XX, Number 3 Spring 2012, 38-50.
Jayamaha, B. et al. (2019). The Great Saudi-Iranian Proxy Game. Middle East Quaterly: September 2019
Kamrava, M. (2011). The Modern Middle East: A Political History Since World War 1. Berkeley: University of California Press
Kucukkeles, M. (2012). Arab League's Syrian Policy. Washington D.C: SETA.
Lamont, C. (2015). Research Methods In International Relations. London: SAGE.
Lynch, M. (2016). The New Arab Wars: Uprisings and Anarchy in the Middle East. USA: Public Affairs
Morgenthau, H. &. (1985). Politics Among Nations. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Muhammad, A. (2015). “Selamat Datang Perang Dingin!” Kepentingan Rusia Di Krimea Dan Ukraina Timur Dan Ketegangan Hubungan Dengan Barat. Insignia: Journal Of International Relations, 2(02), 01-11. doi:10.20884/1.ins.2015.2.02.454
Mustahyun. (2017). Rivalitas Arab Saudi Dan Iran di Timur Tengah dalam Arab Spring Suriah Tahun 2011-2016. Islamic World and Politics Vol.1 No. 1 Juli-Desember, 90-110.
Nakamura, S. (2013). Saudi Arabian Diplomacy During the Syrian Humanitarian Crisis: Domestic Pressure, Multilateralism, and Regional Rivalry for an Islamic State. Journal of Tumnoil and Japanese Respon, No. 13, July 2013, 2.
Nasur, B. (2014). Syria-Iran Relations (2000-2014). International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 4, No. 12; October 2014, 80-88.
Naghizadeh, M.B. (2019). Rivalry Through Proxies: How Iran and Saudi Arabia Compete for Regional Influence in https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335841432_The_Great_Saudi-Iranian_Proxy_Game/link/5d7fbac8458515fca16dbc11/download, [Accessed in January 29th, 2019]
Oktorino, N. (2015). Pedang Sang "Khalifah": ISIS dan Ancaman Radikalisasi dalam Perang Saudara di Suriah dan Irak. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo.
Ozarowski, R. (2018). Iran’s Engagement in Syrian Conflict. Causes and Consequences. Przegląd Strategiczny 2018, Issue 11, 201-210.
Rafizadeh, M. (2016, September 30). Implications of the growing Iran-Syria economic relations. Retrieved from Al Arabiya: http://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/news/middle-east/2016/09/30/How-Iran-is- gradually-owning-Syria-economically.html
Rafizadeh, M. (2017, December 6). $6-$35 Billions Annually to Assad: Stronger Iran, Mightier Assad? Retrieved from Huffington Post: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/6-35-billions-annually-to_b_7890164
Robehmed, S. (2013). Bombs and guns ‘have killed 11,500 children’ in Syria, research shows, including some executed and tortured. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/bombs-and-guns-have-killed-11500-children-in-syria-research-shows-including-some-executed-and-tortured-8960809.html, [Diakses, 28 Januari 2020]
RUSI. (2016). Understanding Iran’s Role in the Syrian Conflict. London: Royal United Service Institute for Defence and Security Studies.
SOHR. (2018). Syria: Events of 2018. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/syria, [Diakses, 28 Januari 2020]
Wahyudi, H. (2018). Standar Ganda Politik Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat Terhadap Kudeta Mesir 2013. Insignia: Journal Of International Relations, 5(1), 1-14. doi:10.20884/1.ins.2018.5.1.595
Worldview Stratfor. (2018). 2018 Annual Forecast. Retrieved from https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/2018-annual-forecast, [Diakses, 23 Februari 2020]
Published
2020-11-06
How to Cite
RAMADHAN, Iqbal; ISKANDAR, Jodi Alif.
Upaya Perimbangan Kekuatan Iran-Arab Saudi melalui Perang Suriah untuk Memenangi Kontestasi Geopolitik di Timur Tengah.
Insignia: Journal of International Relations, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 2, p. 105-121, nov. 2020.
ISSN 2597-9868.
Available at: <http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/insignia/article/view/2391>. Date accessed: 26 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2020.7.2.2391.
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