Rent-Seeking Theory in the Asymmetry of Blue Economy Benefit Distribution: Economic and Sustainability Accounting Perspectives
Abstract
The blue economy offers great potential for growth, but the unequal distribution of benefits creates serious inequalities. This research explores the impact of unequal access to marine resources, particularly for small-scale fishers and indigenous communities, through the lens of rent-seeking theory and sustainability accounting. The privatization of coastal resources often enriches large corporations while marginalizing local communities, undermining food security and leading to human rights violations. In addition, renewable energy projects in coastal areas reflect a disregard for social and ecological values that exacerbate resource conflicts. The analysis shows that top-down governance widens the gap, while traditional reporting fails to capture the social and environmental externalities of resource exploitation. The study highlights the importance of Social Return on Investment (SROI)-based reporting approaches and environmental cost-based accounting to measure the holistic impact of blue economy policies. The marginalization of women in the fisheries sector, which is often not recognized in formal reporting, underscores the need for gender-based accounting. As a solution, genuine, not just symbolic, participation of local communities must be integrated in inclusive governance. Reporting approaches such as Integrated Reporting and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) can map economic, social and ecological dimensions in a more balanced way. With strengthened accountability and a comprehensive sustainability framework, the blue economy has the potential to be a tool for equitable growth, protecting the rights of local communities while keeping ecosystems in balance
References
Adekola, J., Fischbacher-Smith, M., Fischbacher-Smith, D., & Adekola, O. (2017). Health risks from environmental degradation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 35(2), 334–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X16661720
Adjei, M., & Overå, R. (2018). Opposing discourses on the offshore coexistence of the petroleum industry and small-scale fisheries in Ghana. The Extractive Industries and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2018.09.006
Adusah-Karikari, A. (2015). Black gold in Ghana: Changing livelihoods for women in communities affected by oil production. The Extractive Industries and Society, 2(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2014.10.006
Aptasari, F. W., Putri, B. K. M., Mujahidi, K., & Hastuti, E. W. (2024). Tantangan penerapan social return on investment (SROI) di Indonesia: Studi kasus pada wilayah pesisir. Performance: Jurnal Bisnis & Akuntansi, 12(2), 53–76.
Barbesgaard, M. (2018). Blue growth: Savior or ocean grabbing? Journal of Peasant Studies, 45(1), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2017.1377186
Barclay, K. (2010). Impacts of tuna industries on coastal communities in Pacific Island countries. Marine Policy, 34(3), 406–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2009.09.003
Bavinck, M., Berkes, F., Charles, A., Dias, A. C. E., Doubleday, N., Nayak, P., & Sowman, M. (2017). The impact of coastal grabbing on community conservation – A global reconnaissance. Maritime Studies, 16(8). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40152-017-0062-8
Beerwinkel, E. (2019). Blue justice for small-scale fisheries. Plaas. Retrieved August 22, 2019, from https://www.plaas.org.za/blue-justice-for-small-scale-fisheries/
Benjaminsen, T. A., & Bryceson, I. (2012). Conservation, green/blue grabbing, and accumulation by dispossession in Tanzania. Journal of Peasant Studies, 39(2), 335–355. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2012.667405
Bennett, N. J., & Satterfield, T. (2018). Environmental governance: A practical framework to guide design, evaluation, and analysis. Conservation Letters, 11(6), e12600. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12600
Bennett, N. J., Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M., Blythe, J., Silver, J. J., Singh, G., Andrews, N., Calò, A., Christie, P., Franco, A. D., Finkbeiner, E. M., Gelcich, S., Guidetti, P., Harper, S., Hotte, N., Kittinger, J. N., Le Billon, P., Lister, J., de la Lama, R. L., McKinley, E., … Sumaila, U. R. (2019). Towards a sustainable and equitable blue economy. Nature Sustainability, 2, 997–1005. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0404-1
Bennett, N. J., Govan, H., & Satterfield, T. (2015). Ocean grabbing. Marine Policy, 57, 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.026
Bennett, N. J., Kaplan-Hallam, M., Augustine, G., Ban, N., Belhabib, D., Brueckner-Irwin, I., Charles, A., Couture, J., Eger, S., Fanning, L., Foley, P., Goodfellow, A. M., Greba, L., Gregr, E., Hall, D., Harper, S., Maloney, B., McIsaac, J., Ou, W., ... Sumaila, U. R. (2018). Coastal and Indigenous community access to marine resources and the ocean: A policy imperative for Canada. Marine Policy, 87, 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.10.023
Bergquist, D. A. (2007). Sustainability and local people’s participation in coastal aquaculture: Regional differences and historical experiences in Sri Lanka and the Philippines. Environmental Management, 40(6), 787–802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-006-0108-y
Blythe, J., Armitage, D., Alonso, G., Campbell, D., Esteves Dias, A. C., Epstein, G., Marschke, M., & Nayak, P. (2020). Frontiers in coastal well-being and ecosystem services research: A systematic review. Ocean & Coastal Management, 185, 105028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.105028
Blythe, J., Flaherty, M., & Murray, G. (2015). Vulnerability of coastal livelihoods to shrimp farming: Insights from Mozambique. AMBIO, 44, 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0574-z
Brandt, S. (2005). The equity debate: Distributional impacts of individual transferable quotas. Ocean & Coastal Management, 48, 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2004.12.012
Brent, Z., Barbesgaard, M., & Pedersen, C. (2018). The blue fix: Unmasking the politics behind the promise of blue growth. The Transnational Institute. Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Bullard, R. D. (2005). The Quest for Environmental Justice: Human Rights and the Politics of Pollution. Sierra Club Books.
Campbell, L. M., Gray, N. J., Fairbanks, L., Silver, J. J., Gruby, R. L., Dubik, B. A., & Basurto, X. (2016). Global oceans governance: New and emerging issues. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41, 517–543. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021121
Carothers, C. (2010). Tragedy of commodification: Displacements in Alutiiq fishing communities in the Gulf of Alaska. Maritime Studies, 9(2), 95–120.
Carothers, C., & Chambers, C. (2012). Fisheries privatization and the remaking of fishery systems. Environment and Society: Advances in Research, 3, 39–59. https://doi.org/10.3167/ares.2012.030104
Caswell, B. A., Klein, E. S., Alleway, H. K., Ball, J. E., Botero, J., Cardinale, M., Eero, M., Engelhard, G. H., Fortibuoni, T., Giraldo, A.-J., Hentati-Sundberg, J., Jones, P., Kittinger, J. N., Krause, G., Lajus, D. L., Lajus, J., Lau, S. C. Y., Lescrauwaet, A.-K., MacKenzie, B. R., … Thurstan, R. H. (2020). Something old, something new: Historical perspectives provide lessons for blue growth agendas. Fish and Fisheries, 21(4), 774–796. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12460
Chambers, C., Helgadóttir, G., & Carothers, C. (2017). “Little kings”: Community, change and conflict in Icelandic fisheries. Maritime Studies, 16(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40152-017-0064-6
Clarke, J., & Flannery, W. (2019). The post-political nature of marine spatial planning and modalities for its re-politicisation. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 21(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2019.1680276
Cohen, P. J., Allison, E. H., Andrew, N. L., Cinner, J., Evans, L. S., Fabinyi, M., Garces, L. R., Hall, S. J., Hicks, C. C., Hughes, T. P., Jentoft, S., Mills, D. J., Masu, R., Mbaru, E. K., & Ratner, B. D. (2019). Securing a just space for small-scale fisheries in the blue economy. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00171
Cooley, H., Gleick, P., & Wolff, G. H. (2006). Desalination, With a Grain of Salt: A California Perspective. The Pacific Institute.
Cormier-Salem, M.-C. (2017). Let the women harvest the mangrove: Carbon policy and environmental injustice. Sustainability, 9(8), 1485. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081485
Cutter, S. L. (1995). Race, class and environmental justice. Progress in Human Geography, 19(1), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/030913259501900111
De Schutter, O. (2012). "Ocean-grabbing" as serious a threat as "land-grabbing" - UN food expert. Retrieved from http://www.srfood.org/images/stories/pdf/press_releases/20121030_fisheries_en.pdf
Ehlers, P. (2016). Blue growth and ocean governance, How to balance the use and the protection of the seas. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 15, 187–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-016-0104-x
European Commission. (2017). Report on the blue growth strategy: Towards more sustainable growth and jobs in the blue economy. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/swd-2017-128_en.pdf
Fabinyi, M. (2010). The intensification of fishing and the rise of tourism: Competing coastal livelihoods in the Calamianes Islands, Philippines. Human Ecology, 38, 415–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-010-9329-z
FAO. (2015). Voluntary guidelines for securing sustainable small-scale fisheries in the context of food security and poverty eradication. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Retrieved October 29, 2015, from http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/21360061-9b18-42ac-8d78-8a1a7311aef7/
FAO. (2018). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture: Meeting the sustainable development goals. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Flannery, W., Healy, N., & Luna, M. (2018). Exclusion and non-participation in marine spatial planning. Marine Policy, 88, 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.11.001
Foley, P., Mather, C., & Neis, B. (2013). Fisheries allocation policies and regional development: Successes from the Newfoundland and Labrador shrimp fishery. Leslie Harris Centre of Regional Policy and Development, Memorial University. Retrieved from https://www.mun.ca/harriscentre/reports/arf/2011/11-12-ARF-Final-Mather.pdf
Food & Water Watch. (2009). Desalination: An Ocean of Problems. Food & Water Watch. Retrieved May 7, 2020, from https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/sites/default/files/Desalination%20Report%20Feb%202009.pdf
Galappaththi, E. K., & Nayak, P. K. (2017). Two faces of shrimp aquaculture: Commonising vs. decommonising effects of a wicked driver. Maritime Studies, 16(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40152-017-0066-4
Golden, J. S., Virdin, J., Nowacek, D., Halpin, P., Bennear, L., & Patil, P. G. (2017). Making sure the blue economy is green. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1, 0017. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-016-0017
Hampton, M. P., & Jeyacheya, J. (2015). Ownership and tourism in small islands: Evidence from Indonesia. World Development, 70, 481–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.12.007
Hannesson, R. (2004). The Privatization of the Oceans. MIT Press.
High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy. (2020). Transformations for a sustainable ocean economy: A vision for protection, production and prosperity. World Resources Institute. Retrieved from https://www.oceanpanel.org/ocean-action/files/transformations-sustainable-ocean-economy-eng.pdf
Jentoft, S. (2013). Social justice in the context of fisheries – A governability challenge. In M. Bavinck, R. Chuenpagdee, S. Jentoft, & J. Kooiman (Eds.), Governability of fisheries and aquaculture (pp. 45–65). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6107-0_4
Jouffray, J.-B., Blasiak, R., Norström, A. V., Österblom, H., & Nyström, M. (2020). The blue acceleration: The trajectory of human expansion into the ocean. One Earth, 2, 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2019.12.016
Kerr, S., Colton, J., Johnson, K., & Wright, G. (2015). Rights and ownership in sea country: Implications of marine renewable energy for Indigenous and local communities. Marine Policy, 52, 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.11.002
Klinger, D. H., Eikeset, A. M., Davíðsdóttir, B., Winter, A.-M., & Watson, J. R. (2018). The mechanics of blue growth: Management of oceanic natural resource use with multiple, interacting sectors. Marine Policy, 87, 356–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.09.025
Lamb, V., Marschke, M., & Rigg, J. (2019). Trading sand, undermining lives: Omitted livelihoods in the global trade in sand. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 109, 1511–1528. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2018.1541401
Lockwood, M., Davidson, J., Curtis, A., Stratford, E., & Griffith, R. (2010). Governance principles for natural resource management. Society & Natural Resources, 23(10), 986–1001. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920802178214
Longo, S. B., Clausen, R., & Clark, B. (2015). The Tragedy of the Commodity: Oceans, Fisheries, and Aquaculture. Rutgers University Press. Retrieved from https://muse.jhu.edu/book/45428
Lopes, R., & Videira, N. (2013). Valuing marine and coastal ecosystem services: An integrated participatory framework. Ocean & Coastal Management, 84, 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.08.001
Mansfield, B. (2004). Neoliberalism in the oceans: “Rationalization,” property rights, and the commons question. Geoforum, 35(3), 313–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2003.05.002
McCauley, D. J., Jablonicky, C., Allison, E. H., Golden, C. D., Joyce, F. H., Mayorga, J., & Kroodsma, D. (2018). Wealthy countries dominate industrial fishing. Science Advances, 4(8), eaau2161. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau2161
Michel, J. A. (2017). Rethinking the oceans: Towards the Blue Economy. Paragon House.
Mohai, P., Pellow, D., & Roberts, J. T. (2009). Environmental justice. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 34, 405–430. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-082508-094348
Mulrennan, M. E., & Scott, C. H. (2000). Mare nullius: Indigenous rights in saltwater environments. Development and Change, 31(3), 681–708. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00172
Nash, K. L., Cvitanovic, C., Fulton, E. A., Halpern, B. S., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Watson, R. A., & Blanchard, J. L. (2017). Planetary boundaries for a blue planet. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1, 1625–1634. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0319-z
Newton, A., Brito, A. C., Icely, J. D., Derolez, V., Clara, I., Angus, S., Schernewski, G., … & Rubio-Cisneros, N. (2018). Assessing, quantifying, and valuing the ecosystem services of coastal lagoons. Journal for Nature Conservation, 44, 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2018.02.009
Nickerson, D. J. (1999). Trade-offs of mangrove area development in the Philippines. Ecological Economics, 28(2), 279–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(98)00044-5
Northrop, E., Konar, M., Frost, N., & Hollaway, E. (2020). A sustainable and equitable blue recovery to the COVID-19 crisis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
Obeng-Odoom, F. (2013). Resource curse or blessing in Africa’s oil cities? Empirical evidence from Sekondi-Takoradi, West Africa. City, Culture and Society, 4(4), 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2013.07.001
OECD. (2016). The ocean economy in 2030. Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/the-ocean-economy-in-2030_9789264251724-en
Oteng-Ababio, M. (2018). ‘The oil is drilled in Takoradi, but the money is counted in Accra’: The paradox of plenty in the Oil City, Ghana. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 53(2), 268–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909616677371
Page, J. (2007). Salmon farming in First Nations’ territories: A case of environmental injustice on Canada’s West Coast. Local Environment, 12(6), 613–626. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549830701657349
Palinkas, L., Petterson, J. S., Russell, J. C., & Downs, M. A. (2004). Ethnic differences in symptoms of post-traumatic stress after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 19(1), 102–112. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X00001552
Pauly, D., Watson, R., & Alder, J. (2005). Global trends in world fisheries: Impacts on marine ecosystems and food security. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360, 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1574
Pedersen, C., Feodoroff, T., Reuter, R., Franco, J., Buxton, N., Barbesgaard, M. C., & Vervest, P. (2014). The global ocean grab: A primer. Afrika Kontakt and World Forum of Fisher Peoples, Transnational Institute, Masifundise.
Pinkerton, E. (2017). Hegemony and resistance: Disturbing patterns and hopeful signs in the impact of neoliberal policies on small-scale fisheries around the world. Marine Policy, 80, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.11.012
Pinkerton, E., & Edwards, D. N. (2009). The elephant in the room: The hidden costs of leasing individual transferable fishing quotas. Marine Policy, 33(4), 707–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2009.02.004
Poe, M. R., Norman, K. C., & Levin, P. S. (2014). Cultural dimensions of socioecological systems: Key connections and guiding principles for conservation in coastal environments. Conservation Letters, 7(3), 166–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12068
Pomeroy, C., Hall-Arber, M., & Conway, F. (2015). Power and perspective: Fisheries and the ocean commons beset by demands of development. Marine Policy, 61, 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.11.016
Primavera, J. H. (1997). Socio-economic impacts of shrimp culture. Aquaculture Research, 28(10), 815–827. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1997.00946.x
Ratner, B. D., Åsgård, B., & Allison, E. H. (2014). Fishing for justice: Human rights, development, and fisheries sector reform. Global Environmental Change, 27, 120–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.05.006
Rudolph, D. (2014). The resurgent conflict between offshore wind farms and tourism: Underlying storylines. Scottish Geographical Journal, 130(3), 168–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2014.914239
Silver, J. J., Gray, N. J., Campbell, L. M., Fairbanks, L. W., & Gruby, R. L. (2015). Blue economy and competing discourses in international oceans governance. Journal of Environment and Development, 24, 135–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496515580797
Simmons, G., & Stringer, C. (2014). New Zealand’s fisheries management system: Forced labour, An ignored or overlooked dimension? Marine Policy, 50, 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.05.013
Sparks, J. L. D., & Sliva, S. M. (2019). An intersectionality-based analysis of high seas policymaking stagnation and equity in United Nations negotiations. Journal of Community Practice, 27(3-4), 260–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2019.1647325
Stonich, S. C., Bort, J. R., & Ovares, L. L. (1997). Globalization of shrimp mariculture: The impact on social justice and environmental quality in Central America. Society & Natural Resources, 10(2), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941929709381016
Stuchtey, M. R., Vincent, A., Merkl, A., Bucher, M., Haugan, P. M., Lubchenco, J., & Pangestu, M. E. (2020). Ocean solutions that benefit people, nature and the economy. World Resources Institute.
Sullivan, D. N., Warr, T., Rainbubu, J., Kunoko, J., Akauna, F., Angasa, M., & Wenda, Y. (2003). A social impact study of proposed RD Tuna Cannery at Vidar Wharf, Madang. Nancy Sullivan and Associates, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
Sundar, A. (2017). Fishing community protest against ocean grabbing highlights growing need to protect blue economy. The Wire. Retrieved January 7, 2018, from https://thewire.in/197853/fishing-community-protest-ocean-grabbing-highlights-growing-need-protect-blue-economy/
Tafon, R. V. (2018). Taking power to sea: Towards a post-structuralist discourse theoretical critique of marine spatial planning. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 36(2), 258–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654417707527
Tafon, R. V. (2019). Small-scale fishers as allies or opponents? Unlocking looming tensions and potential exclusions in Poland’s marine spatial planning. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 21(5), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2019.1661235
Thomas, S. (2016). Between Tun Mustapha and the deep blue sea: The political ecology of blue carbon in Sabah. Environmental Science & Policy, 55, 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.08.017
Too Big To Ignore. (2019). Blue justice for small-scale fisheries. Too Big To Ignore Global Partnership for Small-Scale Fisheries. Retrieved May 7, 2020, from http://toobigtoignore.net/blue-justice-for-ssf/
Toufique, K. A., & Gregory, R. (2008). Common waters and private lands: Distributional impacts of floodplain aquaculture in Bangladesh. Food Policy, 33(6), 587–594.
United Nations. (2007). United Nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples. United Nations, Washington, DC. Retrieved October 27, 2015, from http://www.converge.org.nz/pma/DRIPGA.pdf
Wiber, M. G. (2000). Fishing rights as an example of the economic rhetoric of privatization: Calling for an implicated economics. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie, 37(3), 267–288
Adjei, M., & Overå, R. (2018). Opposing discourses on the offshore coexistence of the petroleum industry and small-scale fisheries in Ghana. The Extractive Industries and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2018.09.006
Adusah-Karikari, A. (2015). Black gold in Ghana: Changing livelihoods for women in communities affected by oil production. The Extractive Industries and Society, 2(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2014.10.006
Aptasari, F. W., Putri, B. K. M., Mujahidi, K., & Hastuti, E. W. (2024). Tantangan penerapan social return on investment (SROI) di Indonesia: Studi kasus pada wilayah pesisir. Performance: Jurnal Bisnis & Akuntansi, 12(2), 53–76.
Barbesgaard, M. (2018). Blue growth: Savior or ocean grabbing? Journal of Peasant Studies, 45(1), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2017.1377186
Barclay, K. (2010). Impacts of tuna industries on coastal communities in Pacific Island countries. Marine Policy, 34(3), 406–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2009.09.003
Bavinck, M., Berkes, F., Charles, A., Dias, A. C. E., Doubleday, N., Nayak, P., & Sowman, M. (2017). The impact of coastal grabbing on community conservation – A global reconnaissance. Maritime Studies, 16(8). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40152-017-0062-8
Beerwinkel, E. (2019). Blue justice for small-scale fisheries. Plaas. Retrieved August 22, 2019, from https://www.plaas.org.za/blue-justice-for-small-scale-fisheries/
Benjaminsen, T. A., & Bryceson, I. (2012). Conservation, green/blue grabbing, and accumulation by dispossession in Tanzania. Journal of Peasant Studies, 39(2), 335–355. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2012.667405
Bennett, N. J., & Satterfield, T. (2018). Environmental governance: A practical framework to guide design, evaluation, and analysis. Conservation Letters, 11(6), e12600. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12600
Bennett, N. J., Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M., Blythe, J., Silver, J. J., Singh, G., Andrews, N., Calò, A., Christie, P., Franco, A. D., Finkbeiner, E. M., Gelcich, S., Guidetti, P., Harper, S., Hotte, N., Kittinger, J. N., Le Billon, P., Lister, J., de la Lama, R. L., McKinley, E., … Sumaila, U. R. (2019). Towards a sustainable and equitable blue economy. Nature Sustainability, 2, 997–1005. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0404-1
Bennett, N. J., Govan, H., & Satterfield, T. (2015). Ocean grabbing. Marine Policy, 57, 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.026
Bennett, N. J., Kaplan-Hallam, M., Augustine, G., Ban, N., Belhabib, D., Brueckner-Irwin, I., Charles, A., Couture, J., Eger, S., Fanning, L., Foley, P., Goodfellow, A. M., Greba, L., Gregr, E., Hall, D., Harper, S., Maloney, B., McIsaac, J., Ou, W., ... Sumaila, U. R. (2018). Coastal and Indigenous community access to marine resources and the ocean: A policy imperative for Canada. Marine Policy, 87, 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.10.023
Bergquist, D. A. (2007). Sustainability and local people’s participation in coastal aquaculture: Regional differences and historical experiences in Sri Lanka and the Philippines. Environmental Management, 40(6), 787–802. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-006-0108-y
Blythe, J., Armitage, D., Alonso, G., Campbell, D., Esteves Dias, A. C., Epstein, G., Marschke, M., & Nayak, P. (2020). Frontiers in coastal well-being and ecosystem services research: A systematic review. Ocean & Coastal Management, 185, 105028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.105028
Blythe, J., Flaherty, M., & Murray, G. (2015). Vulnerability of coastal livelihoods to shrimp farming: Insights from Mozambique. AMBIO, 44, 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0574-z
Brandt, S. (2005). The equity debate: Distributional impacts of individual transferable quotas. Ocean & Coastal Management, 48, 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2004.12.012
Brent, Z., Barbesgaard, M., & Pedersen, C. (2018). The blue fix: Unmasking the politics behind the promise of blue growth. The Transnational Institute. Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Bullard, R. D. (2005). The Quest for Environmental Justice: Human Rights and the Politics of Pollution. Sierra Club Books.
Campbell, L. M., Gray, N. J., Fairbanks, L., Silver, J. J., Gruby, R. L., Dubik, B. A., & Basurto, X. (2016). Global oceans governance: New and emerging issues. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41, 517–543. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021121
Carothers, C. (2010). Tragedy of commodification: Displacements in Alutiiq fishing communities in the Gulf of Alaska. Maritime Studies, 9(2), 95–120.
Carothers, C., & Chambers, C. (2012). Fisheries privatization and the remaking of fishery systems. Environment and Society: Advances in Research, 3, 39–59. https://doi.org/10.3167/ares.2012.030104
Caswell, B. A., Klein, E. S., Alleway, H. K., Ball, J. E., Botero, J., Cardinale, M., Eero, M., Engelhard, G. H., Fortibuoni, T., Giraldo, A.-J., Hentati-Sundberg, J., Jones, P., Kittinger, J. N., Krause, G., Lajus, D. L., Lajus, J., Lau, S. C. Y., Lescrauwaet, A.-K., MacKenzie, B. R., … Thurstan, R. H. (2020). Something old, something new: Historical perspectives provide lessons for blue growth agendas. Fish and Fisheries, 21(4), 774–796. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12460
Chambers, C., Helgadóttir, G., & Carothers, C. (2017). “Little kings”: Community, change and conflict in Icelandic fisheries. Maritime Studies, 16(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40152-017-0064-6
Clarke, J., & Flannery, W. (2019). The post-political nature of marine spatial planning and modalities for its re-politicisation. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 21(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2019.1680276
Cohen, P. J., Allison, E. H., Andrew, N. L., Cinner, J., Evans, L. S., Fabinyi, M., Garces, L. R., Hall, S. J., Hicks, C. C., Hughes, T. P., Jentoft, S., Mills, D. J., Masu, R., Mbaru, E. K., & Ratner, B. D. (2019). Securing a just space for small-scale fisheries in the blue economy. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00171
Cooley, H., Gleick, P., & Wolff, G. H. (2006). Desalination, With a Grain of Salt: A California Perspective. The Pacific Institute.
Cormier-Salem, M.-C. (2017). Let the women harvest the mangrove: Carbon policy and environmental injustice. Sustainability, 9(8), 1485. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081485
Cutter, S. L. (1995). Race, class and environmental justice. Progress in Human Geography, 19(1), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/030913259501900111
De Schutter, O. (2012). "Ocean-grabbing" as serious a threat as "land-grabbing" - UN food expert. Retrieved from http://www.srfood.org/images/stories/pdf/press_releases/20121030_fisheries_en.pdf
Ehlers, P. (2016). Blue growth and ocean governance, How to balance the use and the protection of the seas. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 15, 187–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-016-0104-x
European Commission. (2017). Report on the blue growth strategy: Towards more sustainable growth and jobs in the blue economy. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/swd-2017-128_en.pdf
Fabinyi, M. (2010). The intensification of fishing and the rise of tourism: Competing coastal livelihoods in the Calamianes Islands, Philippines. Human Ecology, 38, 415–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-010-9329-z
FAO. (2015). Voluntary guidelines for securing sustainable small-scale fisheries in the context of food security and poverty eradication. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Retrieved October 29, 2015, from http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/21360061-9b18-42ac-8d78-8a1a7311aef7/
FAO. (2018). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture: Meeting the sustainable development goals. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Flannery, W., Healy, N., & Luna, M. (2018). Exclusion and non-participation in marine spatial planning. Marine Policy, 88, 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.11.001
Foley, P., Mather, C., & Neis, B. (2013). Fisheries allocation policies and regional development: Successes from the Newfoundland and Labrador shrimp fishery. Leslie Harris Centre of Regional Policy and Development, Memorial University. Retrieved from https://www.mun.ca/harriscentre/reports/arf/2011/11-12-ARF-Final-Mather.pdf
Food & Water Watch. (2009). Desalination: An Ocean of Problems. Food & Water Watch. Retrieved May 7, 2020, from https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/sites/default/files/Desalination%20Report%20Feb%202009.pdf
Galappaththi, E. K., & Nayak, P. K. (2017). Two faces of shrimp aquaculture: Commonising vs. decommonising effects of a wicked driver. Maritime Studies, 16(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40152-017-0066-4
Golden, J. S., Virdin, J., Nowacek, D., Halpin, P., Bennear, L., & Patil, P. G. (2017). Making sure the blue economy is green. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1, 0017. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-016-0017
Hampton, M. P., & Jeyacheya, J. (2015). Ownership and tourism in small islands: Evidence from Indonesia. World Development, 70, 481–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.12.007
Hannesson, R. (2004). The Privatization of the Oceans. MIT Press.
High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy. (2020). Transformations for a sustainable ocean economy: A vision for protection, production and prosperity. World Resources Institute. Retrieved from https://www.oceanpanel.org/ocean-action/files/transformations-sustainable-ocean-economy-eng.pdf
Jentoft, S. (2013). Social justice in the context of fisheries – A governability challenge. In M. Bavinck, R. Chuenpagdee, S. Jentoft, & J. Kooiman (Eds.), Governability of fisheries and aquaculture (pp. 45–65). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6107-0_4
Jouffray, J.-B., Blasiak, R., Norström, A. V., Österblom, H., & Nyström, M. (2020). The blue acceleration: The trajectory of human expansion into the ocean. One Earth, 2, 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2019.12.016
Kerr, S., Colton, J., Johnson, K., & Wright, G. (2015). Rights and ownership in sea country: Implications of marine renewable energy for Indigenous and local communities. Marine Policy, 52, 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.11.002
Klinger, D. H., Eikeset, A. M., Davíðsdóttir, B., Winter, A.-M., & Watson, J. R. (2018). The mechanics of blue growth: Management of oceanic natural resource use with multiple, interacting sectors. Marine Policy, 87, 356–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.09.025
Lamb, V., Marschke, M., & Rigg, J. (2019). Trading sand, undermining lives: Omitted livelihoods in the global trade in sand. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 109, 1511–1528. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2018.1541401
Lockwood, M., Davidson, J., Curtis, A., Stratford, E., & Griffith, R. (2010). Governance principles for natural resource management. Society & Natural Resources, 23(10), 986–1001. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920802178214
Longo, S. B., Clausen, R., & Clark, B. (2015). The Tragedy of the Commodity: Oceans, Fisheries, and Aquaculture. Rutgers University Press. Retrieved from https://muse.jhu.edu/book/45428
Lopes, R., & Videira, N. (2013). Valuing marine and coastal ecosystem services: An integrated participatory framework. Ocean & Coastal Management, 84, 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.08.001
Mansfield, B. (2004). Neoliberalism in the oceans: “Rationalization,” property rights, and the commons question. Geoforum, 35(3), 313–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2003.05.002
McCauley, D. J., Jablonicky, C., Allison, E. H., Golden, C. D., Joyce, F. H., Mayorga, J., & Kroodsma, D. (2018). Wealthy countries dominate industrial fishing. Science Advances, 4(8), eaau2161. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau2161
Michel, J. A. (2017). Rethinking the oceans: Towards the Blue Economy. Paragon House.
Mohai, P., Pellow, D., & Roberts, J. T. (2009). Environmental justice. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 34, 405–430. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-082508-094348
Mulrennan, M. E., & Scott, C. H. (2000). Mare nullius: Indigenous rights in saltwater environments. Development and Change, 31(3), 681–708. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00172
Nash, K. L., Cvitanovic, C., Fulton, E. A., Halpern, B. S., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Watson, R. A., & Blanchard, J. L. (2017). Planetary boundaries for a blue planet. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1, 1625–1634. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0319-z
Newton, A., Brito, A. C., Icely, J. D., Derolez, V., Clara, I., Angus, S., Schernewski, G., … & Rubio-Cisneros, N. (2018). Assessing, quantifying, and valuing the ecosystem services of coastal lagoons. Journal for Nature Conservation, 44, 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2018.02.009
Nickerson, D. J. (1999). Trade-offs of mangrove area development in the Philippines. Ecological Economics, 28(2), 279–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8009(98)00044-5
Northrop, E., Konar, M., Frost, N., & Hollaway, E. (2020). A sustainable and equitable blue recovery to the COVID-19 crisis. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.
Obeng-Odoom, F. (2013). Resource curse or blessing in Africa’s oil cities? Empirical evidence from Sekondi-Takoradi, West Africa. City, Culture and Society, 4(4), 229–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2013.07.001
OECD. (2016). The ocean economy in 2030. Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/the-ocean-economy-in-2030_9789264251724-en
Oteng-Ababio, M. (2018). ‘The oil is drilled in Takoradi, but the money is counted in Accra’: The paradox of plenty in the Oil City, Ghana. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 53(2), 268–284. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909616677371
Page, J. (2007). Salmon farming in First Nations’ territories: A case of environmental injustice on Canada’s West Coast. Local Environment, 12(6), 613–626. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549830701657349
Palinkas, L., Petterson, J. S., Russell, J. C., & Downs, M. A. (2004). Ethnic differences in symptoms of post-traumatic stress after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 19(1), 102–112. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X00001552
Pauly, D., Watson, R., & Alder, J. (2005). Global trends in world fisheries: Impacts on marine ecosystems and food security. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360, 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1574
Pedersen, C., Feodoroff, T., Reuter, R., Franco, J., Buxton, N., Barbesgaard, M. C., & Vervest, P. (2014). The global ocean grab: A primer. Afrika Kontakt and World Forum of Fisher Peoples, Transnational Institute, Masifundise.
Pinkerton, E. (2017). Hegemony and resistance: Disturbing patterns and hopeful signs in the impact of neoliberal policies on small-scale fisheries around the world. Marine Policy, 80, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.11.012
Pinkerton, E., & Edwards, D. N. (2009). The elephant in the room: The hidden costs of leasing individual transferable fishing quotas. Marine Policy, 33(4), 707–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2009.02.004
Poe, M. R., Norman, K. C., & Levin, P. S. (2014). Cultural dimensions of socioecological systems: Key connections and guiding principles for conservation in coastal environments. Conservation Letters, 7(3), 166–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12068
Pomeroy, C., Hall-Arber, M., & Conway, F. (2015). Power and perspective: Fisheries and the ocean commons beset by demands of development. Marine Policy, 61, 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.11.016
Primavera, J. H. (1997). Socio-economic impacts of shrimp culture. Aquaculture Research, 28(10), 815–827. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2109.1997.00946.x
Ratner, B. D., Åsgård, B., & Allison, E. H. (2014). Fishing for justice: Human rights, development, and fisheries sector reform. Global Environmental Change, 27, 120–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.05.006
Rudolph, D. (2014). The resurgent conflict between offshore wind farms and tourism: Underlying storylines. Scottish Geographical Journal, 130(3), 168–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2014.914239
Silver, J. J., Gray, N. J., Campbell, L. M., Fairbanks, L. W., & Gruby, R. L. (2015). Blue economy and competing discourses in international oceans governance. Journal of Environment and Development, 24, 135–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/1070496515580797
Simmons, G., & Stringer, C. (2014). New Zealand’s fisheries management system: Forced labour, An ignored or overlooked dimension? Marine Policy, 50, 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.05.013
Sparks, J. L. D., & Sliva, S. M. (2019). An intersectionality-based analysis of high seas policymaking stagnation and equity in United Nations negotiations. Journal of Community Practice, 27(3-4), 260–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2019.1647325
Stonich, S. C., Bort, J. R., & Ovares, L. L. (1997). Globalization of shrimp mariculture: The impact on social justice and environmental quality in Central America. Society & Natural Resources, 10(2), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941929709381016
Stuchtey, M. R., Vincent, A., Merkl, A., Bucher, M., Haugan, P. M., Lubchenco, J., & Pangestu, M. E. (2020). Ocean solutions that benefit people, nature and the economy. World Resources Institute.
Sullivan, D. N., Warr, T., Rainbubu, J., Kunoko, J., Akauna, F., Angasa, M., & Wenda, Y. (2003). A social impact study of proposed RD Tuna Cannery at Vidar Wharf, Madang. Nancy Sullivan and Associates, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
Sundar, A. (2017). Fishing community protest against ocean grabbing highlights growing need to protect blue economy. The Wire. Retrieved January 7, 2018, from https://thewire.in/197853/fishing-community-protest-ocean-grabbing-highlights-growing-need-protect-blue-economy/
Tafon, R. V. (2018). Taking power to sea: Towards a post-structuralist discourse theoretical critique of marine spatial planning. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 36(2), 258–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654417707527
Tafon, R. V. (2019). Small-scale fishers as allies or opponents? Unlocking looming tensions and potential exclusions in Poland’s marine spatial planning. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 21(5), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2019.1661235
Thomas, S. (2016). Between Tun Mustapha and the deep blue sea: The political ecology of blue carbon in Sabah. Environmental Science & Policy, 55, 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.08.017
Too Big To Ignore. (2019). Blue justice for small-scale fisheries. Too Big To Ignore Global Partnership for Small-Scale Fisheries. Retrieved May 7, 2020, from http://toobigtoignore.net/blue-justice-for-ssf/
Toufique, K. A., & Gregory, R. (2008). Common waters and private lands: Distributional impacts of floodplain aquaculture in Bangladesh. Food Policy, 33(6), 587–594.
United Nations. (2007). United Nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples. United Nations, Washington, DC. Retrieved October 27, 2015, from http://www.converge.org.nz/pma/DRIPGA.pdf
Wiber, M. G. (2000). Fishing rights as an example of the economic rhetoric of privatization: Calling for an implicated economics. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie, 37(3), 267–288
Published
2025-05-26
How to Cite
APTASARI, Fety Widianti.
Rent-Seeking Theory in the Asymmetry of Blue Economy Benefit Distribution: Economic and Sustainability Accounting Perspectives.
SAR (Soedirman Accounting Review) : Journal of Accounting and Business, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 01, p. 01 - 16, may 2025.
ISSN 2598-0718.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/sar/article/view/14595>. Date accessed: 02 june 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32424/1.sar.2025.10.01.14595.
Section
Articles
.jpg)
