DOES CARBON DISCLOSURE MODERATE THE RELATIONSHIP OF WOMEN DIRECTOR AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TOWARD FIRM VALUE?
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between women director and corporate governance on firm value where carbon disclosure examined as a moderating variable. This study has a total sample of 106 energy and manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2019–2022 which are analyzed using moderate regression. In this study, we used random sampling as a sampling technique. The results showed a significant positive influence both women director and corporate governance on firm value. Meanwhile, disclosure of carbon emissions unable to moderate those relationships. Arguably, the principles of corporate governance are not fully implemented and women on board focus more on corporate performance and management than managing the environment and disclosing environmental information. Therefore, the carbon disclosure has no significant role. This study provides evidence for motivating companies to maintain relationships with stakeholders by implementing environmental awareness and disclosing sustainability reports.
References
Astiti, N. N. W., & Wirama, D. G. (2020). Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di BEI. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 30(7), 1796–1810.
Bartov, E., Marra, A., & Momenté, F. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Market Reaction to Negative Events: Evidence from Inadvertent and Fraudulent Restatement Announcements. The Accounting Review, 96(2), 81–106.
Battiston, S., Dafermos, Y., & Monasterolo, I. (2021). Climate Risk and Financial Stability. Journal of Financial Stability, 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2021.100867
Behl, A., Kumari, P. S. R., Makhija, H., & Sharma, D. (2022). Exploring the relationship of ESG score and firm value using cross-lagged panel analyses: case of the Indian energy sector. Annals of Operations Research, 313(1), 231–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04189-8
Ben-Amar, W., Chang, M., & Mcllkenny, P. (2015). Board Gender Diversity and Corporate Response to Sustainability Initiatives : Evidence from the Carbon Disclosure Project. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2759-1
Blesia, J. U., Trapen, E., & Arunglamba, R. S. (2023). The Moderate Effect of Good Corporate Governance on Carbon Emission Disclosure and Company Value. The Indonesia Journal of Accounting Research, 26(1), 151–182. https://doi.org/10.33312/ijar.663
Brainard, W. ., & Tobin, J. (1968). Pitfalls in Financial Model Building. The American Economic Review, 58(2), 99–122.
Choi, B. B., Lee, D., & Psaros, J. (2013). An analysis of Australian company carbon emission disclosures. Pacific Accounting Review, 25(1), 58–79. https://doi.org/10.1108/01140581311318968
Dang, H. N., Pham, C. D., Nguyen, T. X., Thi, H., & Nguyen, T. (2020). Effects of Corporate Governance and Earning Quality on Listed Vietnamese Firm Value. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(4), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no4.71
Deegan, C., Rankin, M., & Tobin, J. (2002). An examination of the corporate social and environmental disclosures of BHP from 1983-1997: A test of legitimacy theory. In Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal (Vol. 15, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1108/09513570210435861
Donovan, G. O. (2002). Environmental disclosures in the annual report. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513570210435870
Dowling, J. (1975). ORGANIZATIONAL LEGITIMACY : Social Values and Organizational Behavior between the Organizations seek to establish congruence. The Pacific Sociological Review, 18(1), 122–136.
Epstein, M. J. M. F. (1994). Social Disclosure and Individual Investor. Accounting and Finance Research, 7(4), 94–109.
Fairuzi, A., & Tjahjadi, B. (2022). Women Directors and Firm Profitability: The Role of Corporate Environmental Responsibility Engagement. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 24(2), 106–116. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.24.2.106-116
Freeman, R. E. (1994). The Politics of Stakeholder Theory. Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(4), 409–421. https://doi.org/10.5840/10.2307/3857340
Gabrielle, G., & Toly, A. A. (2019). The Effect Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Disclosure And Environmental Performance On Firm Value: Indonesia Evidence. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 14(1), 106–119. https://doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2019.v14.i01.p10
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23. Badan Penerbit Univ. Diponegoro.
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. Badan Penerbit Univ. Diponegoro.
Gompers, P., Ishii, J., & Metrick, A. (2003). Corporate Governance and Equity Prices. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(February), 107–155.
Gray, R., Kouhy, R., & Lavers, S. (1995). Pelaporan Sosial dan Lingkungan Perusahaan Tinjauan Literatur dan Studi Longitudinal Pengungkapan Inggris. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 8(2), 47–77.
Halimah, N. P., Irsyanti, A., & Aini, L. R. (2020). The Value Relevance of Sustainability Reporting : Comparison between Malaysia and Indonesia Stock Market. Jurnal Penelitian Akuntansi Indonesia, 23(3), 447–466. https://doi.org/10.33312/ijar.502
Hardiyansah, M., Agustini, A. T., & Purnamawati, I. (2021). The Effect of Carbon Emission Disclosure on Firm Value: Environmental Performance and Industrial Type. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 123–133. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no1.123
Hollindale, J., Kent, P., Routledge, J., & Chapple, L. (2019). Women on boards and greenhouse gas emission disclosures. Accounting and Finance, 59(1), 277–308. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12258
Indriastuti, M., & Kartika, I. (2021). Improving Firm Value through Intellectual Capital , Good Corporate Governance and Financial Performance. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 6(1), 85–101.
Irwhantoko, I., & Basuki, B. (2016). Carbon Emission Disclosure: Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 18(2), 92–104. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.18.2.92-104
Kelvin, C. (2019). Mekanisme Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon dan Reaksi Investor. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 14(2), 155–168.
Kelvin, C., Daromes, F. E., & Ng, S. (2017). PENGUNGKAPAN EMISI KARBON SEBAGAI MEKANISME PENINGKATAN KINERJA UNTUK MENCIPTAKAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN. Dinamika Akuntansi, Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 6(1), 1–18.
Kurnia, P., Darlis, E., & Putra, A. A. (2020). Carbon Emission Disclosure , Good Corporate Governance , Financial Performance , and Firm Value. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(12), 223–231. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no12.223
Kuzey, C. (2019). The effect of corporate governance on carbon emission disclosures. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 11(1), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-07-2017-0144
Li, Z., Liao, G., & Albitar, K. (2020). Does corporate environmental responsibility engagement affect firm value? The mediating role of corporate innovation. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 1045–1055. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2416
Maddala, G. S. (1987). Limited Dependent Variable Models Using Panel Data. The Journal of Human Resources, 22(3), 307–338.
Mardini, G. H., & Elleuch Lahyani, F. (2021). Impact of foreign directors on carbon emissions performance and disclosure: empirical evidence from France. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 13(1), 221–246. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-09-2020-0323
Marradi, A. (2022). Representative Samples , Random Sampling. Cambio. Rivista Sulle Trasformazioni Sociali, 12(23), 213–233. https://doi.org/10.36253/cambio-12691
Martínez-Ferrero, J., & García-Meca, E. (2020). Internal corporate governance strength as a mechanism for achieving sustainable development goals. Sustainable Development, 28(5), 1189–1198. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2068
Martinez, M. del C. V., & Rambaud, S. C. (2019). Women on corporate boards and firm’s financial performance. Women’s Studies International Forum, 76(April), 102251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2019.102251
Monica, M., Daromes, F. E., & Ng, S. (2021). The Role of Women on Boards as A Mechanism to Improve Carbon Emission Disclosure and Firm Value. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 16(2), 343. https://doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2021.v16.i02.p11
Mukhtaruddin, M., Ubaidillah, U., & Dewi, K. (2019). Good Corporate Governance , Corporate Social Responsibility , Firm Value , and Financial Performance as Moderating Variable. Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management. https://doi.org/10.28992/ijsam.v3i1.74
Mutmainah. (2015). ANALISIS GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN. Jurnal Dewantara, X(2).
Nekhili, M., Nagati, H., Chtioui, T., & Rebolledo, C. (2017). Corporate social responsibility disclosure and market value : Family versus nonfamily fi rms. Journal of Business Research, 77(April), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.04.001
Ning, X., Khuntia, J., Saldanha, T., & Melville, N. (2019). Green is in sustainability governance: Climate change risk identification and carbon disclosure performance. 40th International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2019.
Orazalin, N., & Baydauletov, M. (2020). Corporate social responsibility strategy and corporate environmental and social performance: The moderating role of board gender diversity. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(4), 1664–1676. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1915
Pratama, I. S., & Deviyanti, D. R. (2022). Pengaruh pengungkapan corporate social responsibility terhadap institutional ownership pada perusahaan high-profile yang listing di bursa efek Indonesia The effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure on institutional ownership in high-profile co. Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan Dan Manajemen (INOVASI), 18(3), 540–550. https://doi.org/10.29264/jinv.v18i3.11701
Presiden Republik Indonesia. (2016). Undang-Undang Nomor.16 Tahun 2016 Tentang PENGESAHAN PARIS AGREEMENT TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE.
Pujiningsih, D. . (2020). Pengaruh Sustainability Report Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Good Corporate Governance sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan.
Rankin, M., Windsor, C., & Wahyuni, D. (2011). An investigation of voluntary corporate greenhouse gas emissions reporting in a market governance system Australian evidence. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 24(8). https://doi.org/10.1108/09513571111184751
Schaltegger, S., Hörisch, J., & Freeman, R. E. (2019). Business cases for sustainability: A stakeholder theory perspective. Organization and Environment, 32(3), 191–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026617722882
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach. Wiley & Sons.
Sekretaris Jenderal KESDM. (2020). Inventarisasi Emisi GRK Bidang Energi. Kementerian Energi Dan Sumber Daya Mineral.
Sheard, J. (2018). Quantitative data analysis: Research Methods. Elsevier, 429–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102220-7.00018-2
Tingbani, I., Chithambo, L., Tauringana, V., & Papanikolaou, N. (2020). Board gender diversity, environmental committee and greenhouse gas voluntary disclosures. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(6), 2194–2210. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2495
Tobin, J. (1969). A General Equilibrium Approach To Monetary Theory. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 1(1), 15–29.
Toukabri, M., & Jilani, F. (2022). The power of critical mass to make a difference: how gender diversity in board affect US corporate carbon performance. Society and Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBR-11-2021-0224
Toukabri, M., & Mohamed Youssef, M. A. (2023). Climate change disclosure and sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the 2030 agenda: the moderating role of corporate governance. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 21(1), 30–62. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-02-2022-0016
Triana, & Asri, M. (2017). THE IMPACT OF FEMALE DIRECTORS ON FIRM PERFORMANCE : EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 32(1), 19–32.
Widyansyah, A. S., Firmansyah, A., Prakosa, D. K., & Geno, P. (2021). Risk Relevance of Comprehensive Income in Indonesia: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility, Good Corporate Governance, Tax Avoidance. International Business and Accounting Research Journal, 5(2), 118–133. http://journal.stebilampung.ac.id/index.php/ibarj
Worokinasih, S., Lutfi, M., & Zaini, M. (2020). The Mediating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) Disclosure on Good Corporate Governance ( GCG ) and Firm Value. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal.
Bartov, E., Marra, A., & Momenté, F. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Market Reaction to Negative Events: Evidence from Inadvertent and Fraudulent Restatement Announcements. The Accounting Review, 96(2), 81–106.
Battiston, S., Dafermos, Y., & Monasterolo, I. (2021). Climate Risk and Financial Stability. Journal of Financial Stability, 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2021.100867
Behl, A., Kumari, P. S. R., Makhija, H., & Sharma, D. (2022). Exploring the relationship of ESG score and firm value using cross-lagged panel analyses: case of the Indian energy sector. Annals of Operations Research, 313(1), 231–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04189-8
Ben-Amar, W., Chang, M., & Mcllkenny, P. (2015). Board Gender Diversity and Corporate Response to Sustainability Initiatives : Evidence from the Carbon Disclosure Project. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2759-1
Blesia, J. U., Trapen, E., & Arunglamba, R. S. (2023). The Moderate Effect of Good Corporate Governance on Carbon Emission Disclosure and Company Value. The Indonesia Journal of Accounting Research, 26(1), 151–182. https://doi.org/10.33312/ijar.663
Brainard, W. ., & Tobin, J. (1968). Pitfalls in Financial Model Building. The American Economic Review, 58(2), 99–122.
Choi, B. B., Lee, D., & Psaros, J. (2013). An analysis of Australian company carbon emission disclosures. Pacific Accounting Review, 25(1), 58–79. https://doi.org/10.1108/01140581311318968
Dang, H. N., Pham, C. D., Nguyen, T. X., Thi, H., & Nguyen, T. (2020). Effects of Corporate Governance and Earning Quality on Listed Vietnamese Firm Value. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(4), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no4.71
Deegan, C., Rankin, M., & Tobin, J. (2002). An examination of the corporate social and environmental disclosures of BHP from 1983-1997: A test of legitimacy theory. In Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal (Vol. 15, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1108/09513570210435861
Donovan, G. O. (2002). Environmental disclosures in the annual report. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513570210435870
Dowling, J. (1975). ORGANIZATIONAL LEGITIMACY : Social Values and Organizational Behavior between the Organizations seek to establish congruence. The Pacific Sociological Review, 18(1), 122–136.
Epstein, M. J. M. F. (1994). Social Disclosure and Individual Investor. Accounting and Finance Research, 7(4), 94–109.
Fairuzi, A., & Tjahjadi, B. (2022). Women Directors and Firm Profitability: The Role of Corporate Environmental Responsibility Engagement. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 24(2), 106–116. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.24.2.106-116
Freeman, R. E. (1994). The Politics of Stakeholder Theory. Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(4), 409–421. https://doi.org/10.5840/10.2307/3857340
Gabrielle, G., & Toly, A. A. (2019). The Effect Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Disclosure And Environmental Performance On Firm Value: Indonesia Evidence. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 14(1), 106–119. https://doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2019.v14.i01.p10
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23. Badan Penerbit Univ. Diponegoro.
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 25. Badan Penerbit Univ. Diponegoro.
Gompers, P., Ishii, J., & Metrick, A. (2003). Corporate Governance and Equity Prices. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(February), 107–155.
Gray, R., Kouhy, R., & Lavers, S. (1995). Pelaporan Sosial dan Lingkungan Perusahaan Tinjauan Literatur dan Studi Longitudinal Pengungkapan Inggris. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 8(2), 47–77.
Halimah, N. P., Irsyanti, A., & Aini, L. R. (2020). The Value Relevance of Sustainability Reporting : Comparison between Malaysia and Indonesia Stock Market. Jurnal Penelitian Akuntansi Indonesia, 23(3), 447–466. https://doi.org/10.33312/ijar.502
Hardiyansah, M., Agustini, A. T., & Purnamawati, I. (2021). The Effect of Carbon Emission Disclosure on Firm Value: Environmental Performance and Industrial Type. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 123–133. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no1.123
Hollindale, J., Kent, P., Routledge, J., & Chapple, L. (2019). Women on boards and greenhouse gas emission disclosures. Accounting and Finance, 59(1), 277–308. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12258
Indriastuti, M., & Kartika, I. (2021). Improving Firm Value through Intellectual Capital , Good Corporate Governance and Financial Performance. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 6(1), 85–101.
Irwhantoko, I., & Basuki, B. (2016). Carbon Emission Disclosure: Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 18(2), 92–104. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.18.2.92-104
Kelvin, C. (2019). Mekanisme Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon dan Reaksi Investor. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 14(2), 155–168.
Kelvin, C., Daromes, F. E., & Ng, S. (2017). PENGUNGKAPAN EMISI KARBON SEBAGAI MEKANISME PENINGKATAN KINERJA UNTUK MENCIPTAKAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN. Dinamika Akuntansi, Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 6(1), 1–18.
Kurnia, P., Darlis, E., & Putra, A. A. (2020). Carbon Emission Disclosure , Good Corporate Governance , Financial Performance , and Firm Value. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(12), 223–231. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no12.223
Kuzey, C. (2019). The effect of corporate governance on carbon emission disclosures. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 11(1), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-07-2017-0144
Li, Z., Liao, G., & Albitar, K. (2020). Does corporate environmental responsibility engagement affect firm value? The mediating role of corporate innovation. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 1045–1055. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2416
Maddala, G. S. (1987). Limited Dependent Variable Models Using Panel Data. The Journal of Human Resources, 22(3), 307–338.
Mardini, G. H., & Elleuch Lahyani, F. (2021). Impact of foreign directors on carbon emissions performance and disclosure: empirical evidence from France. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 13(1), 221–246. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-09-2020-0323
Marradi, A. (2022). Representative Samples , Random Sampling. Cambio. Rivista Sulle Trasformazioni Sociali, 12(23), 213–233. https://doi.org/10.36253/cambio-12691
Martínez-Ferrero, J., & García-Meca, E. (2020). Internal corporate governance strength as a mechanism for achieving sustainable development goals. Sustainable Development, 28(5), 1189–1198. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2068
Martinez, M. del C. V., & Rambaud, S. C. (2019). Women on corporate boards and firm’s financial performance. Women’s Studies International Forum, 76(April), 102251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2019.102251
Monica, M., Daromes, F. E., & Ng, S. (2021). The Role of Women on Boards as A Mechanism to Improve Carbon Emission Disclosure and Firm Value. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 16(2), 343. https://doi.org/10.24843/jiab.2021.v16.i02.p11
Mukhtaruddin, M., Ubaidillah, U., & Dewi, K. (2019). Good Corporate Governance , Corporate Social Responsibility , Firm Value , and Financial Performance as Moderating Variable. Indonesian Journal of Sustainability Accounting and Management. https://doi.org/10.28992/ijsam.v3i1.74
Mutmainah. (2015). ANALISIS GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN. Jurnal Dewantara, X(2).
Nekhili, M., Nagati, H., Chtioui, T., & Rebolledo, C. (2017). Corporate social responsibility disclosure and market value : Family versus nonfamily fi rms. Journal of Business Research, 77(April), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.04.001
Ning, X., Khuntia, J., Saldanha, T., & Melville, N. (2019). Green is in sustainability governance: Climate change risk identification and carbon disclosure performance. 40th International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2019.
Orazalin, N., & Baydauletov, M. (2020). Corporate social responsibility strategy and corporate environmental and social performance: The moderating role of board gender diversity. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(4), 1664–1676. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1915
Pratama, I. S., & Deviyanti, D. R. (2022). Pengaruh pengungkapan corporate social responsibility terhadap institutional ownership pada perusahaan high-profile yang listing di bursa efek Indonesia The effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure on institutional ownership in high-profile co. Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan Dan Manajemen (INOVASI), 18(3), 540–550. https://doi.org/10.29264/jinv.v18i3.11701
Presiden Republik Indonesia. (2016). Undang-Undang Nomor.16 Tahun 2016 Tentang PENGESAHAN PARIS AGREEMENT TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE.
Pujiningsih, D. . (2020). Pengaruh Sustainability Report Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Good Corporate Governance sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan.
Rankin, M., Windsor, C., & Wahyuni, D. (2011). An investigation of voluntary corporate greenhouse gas emissions reporting in a market governance system Australian evidence. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 24(8). https://doi.org/10.1108/09513571111184751
Schaltegger, S., Hörisch, J., & Freeman, R. E. (2019). Business cases for sustainability: A stakeholder theory perspective. Organization and Environment, 32(3), 191–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026617722882
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach. Wiley & Sons.
Sekretaris Jenderal KESDM. (2020). Inventarisasi Emisi GRK Bidang Energi. Kementerian Energi Dan Sumber Daya Mineral.
Sheard, J. (2018). Quantitative data analysis: Research Methods. Elsevier, 429–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102220-7.00018-2
Tingbani, I., Chithambo, L., Tauringana, V., & Papanikolaou, N. (2020). Board gender diversity, environmental committee and greenhouse gas voluntary disclosures. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(6), 2194–2210. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2495
Tobin, J. (1969). A General Equilibrium Approach To Monetary Theory. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 1(1), 15–29.
Toukabri, M., & Jilani, F. (2022). The power of critical mass to make a difference: how gender diversity in board affect US corporate carbon performance. Society and Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBR-11-2021-0224
Toukabri, M., & Mohamed Youssef, M. A. (2023). Climate change disclosure and sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the 2030 agenda: the moderating role of corporate governance. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 21(1), 30–62. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-02-2022-0016
Triana, & Asri, M. (2017). THE IMPACT OF FEMALE DIRECTORS ON FIRM PERFORMANCE : EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 32(1), 19–32.
Widyansyah, A. S., Firmansyah, A., Prakosa, D. K., & Geno, P. (2021). Risk Relevance of Comprehensive Income in Indonesia: The Role of Corporate Social Responsibility, Good Corporate Governance, Tax Avoidance. International Business and Accounting Research Journal, 5(2), 118–133. http://journal.stebilampung.ac.id/index.php/ibarj
Worokinasih, S., Lutfi, M., & Zaini, M. (2020). The Mediating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) Disclosure on Good Corporate Governance ( GCG ) and Firm Value. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal.
Published
2024-12-04
How to Cite
MAPUASARI, Supeni Anggraeni; NISHA, Aqila Belvana; FITRIANA, Vita Elisa.
DOES CARBON DISCLOSURE MODERATE THE RELATIONSHIP OF WOMEN DIRECTOR AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TOWARD FIRM VALUE?.
SAR (Soedirman Accounting Review) : Journal of Accounting and Business, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 02, p. 141 - 159, dec. 2024.
ISSN 2598-0718.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/sar/article/view/13626>. Date accessed: 18 apr. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.32424/1.sar.2024.9.02.13626.
Section
Articles
.jpg)
