EKSTERNALITAS YANG TERABAIKAN: KAJIAN DPSIR ATAS KEBERLANJUTAN AGRIBISNIS FOOD ESTATE DI KAWASAN GAMBUT KALIMANTAN TENGAH

Abstract

The Food estate Program in Central Kalimantan was launched as part of Indonesia's National Economic Recovery Program to strengthen food security in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic; however, its implementation on former Peatland Development Project sites has revived a classic environmental-economic dilemma between expanding food production and sustaining peatland ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the economic, social, and environmental impacts of food estate development in Central Kalimantan using the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework. A qualitative descriptive method based on literature review was employed, involving content analysis of scientific documents, official reports, and field investigation findings. The results indicate that aggregate increases in food production are not matched by realization at the micro level, while ecological pressures inherited from earlier peatland projects heighten the risks of carbon emissions, deforestation, and social conflict with indigenous communities. The social and environmental costs of the program remain largely uninternalized within its economic policy calculations. This study recommends a strong-sustainability approach that integrates land agroecological suitability with local community participation as a prerequisite for the long-term success of large-scale food agribusiness in peatland areas.