DAMPAK EL NIÑO TERHADAP USAHATANI KOMODITAS CABAI DI JAWA TENGAH

The Impact of El Niño on Chili Farming in Central Java

Abstract

The El Niño phenomenon is a climate anomaly characterized by rising sea-surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, resulting in reduced rainfall and prolonged dry seasons in Indonesia. Central Java, a major national hub for chili production, is highly vulnerable to climate change disruptions, given that chili cultivation relies heavily on water availability and stable weather conditions. This article aims to analyze the impact of El Niño on the sustainability of chili farming in Central Java considering social, economic, and environmental dimensions and to examine the relationship between food security and agricultural policy in addressing these climate risks. A systematic literature review was conducted, drawing on various studies, statistical data, and policies relevant to the topic. The findings indicate that the 2023 El Niño event caused an average decline of 8.92 percent in chili production across five key producing regencies in Central Java. Socially, the phenomenon reduced farmer household welfare, altered farming practices, and sparked potential conflicts over water scarcity. Economically, the drop in production led to price fluctuations, supply chain disruptions, and increased food inflation. Environmentally, prolonged drought degraded soil quality, stunted plant growth, and drove increased use of chemical pesticides, threatening the balance of the agricultural ecosystem. Government policies such as strengthening irrigation infrastructure, adjusting planting calendars, developing drought resistant varieties, and implementing farm insurance programs are deemed crucial for maintaining production stability and food security. Adopting sustainable farming principles and enhancing farmers' adaptive capacity are strategic measures for managing El Niño-related risks.