Quantity Evaluation of Antibiotics Use in Patients with Lung Infection in The Internal Medicine Ward of Banyumas Regional General Hospital Using The Defined Daily Dose (DDD) Method

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary infection is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. The high incidence of pulmonary infections accompanied by significant morbidity and mortality makes antibiotic use an essential part of patient management. Antibiotic use without appropriate evaluation and monitoring may lead to irrational antibiotic use, which can contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, variations in local bacterial patterns and the absence of locally based antibiotic use guidelines at Banyumas Regional General Hospital indicate the urgency of conducting a quantitative evaluation of antibiotic use. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic use among patients with pulmonary infections in the Internal Medicine Ward of Banyumas Regional General Hospital during July–December 2024 using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) method. Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive observational study using secondary data obtained from medical records of pulmonary infection patients who met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative analysis of antibiotic use was performed using the DDD per 100 patient-days method and Drug Utilization (DU) 90% analysis. Key findings: A total of 11 types of antibiotics were used with a total consumption of 97.756 DDD/100 patient-days. Parenteral ceftriaxone was the most frequently used antibiotic, with a value of 44.44 DDD/100 patient-days and the highest percentage in the DU 90% segment. Conclusions: Antibiotic use among pulmonary infection patients in the Internal Medicine Ward of Banyumas Regional General Hospital was dominated by watch and reserve group antibiotics, with ceftriaxone being the most frequently used antibiotic. Therefore, continuous evaluation and monitoring of antibiotic use are required to improve rational antibiotic use and reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance.