Potential of Black Garlic (Allium sativum) as a Traditional Therapy for Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemia is a serious health problem with a high prevalence in Indonesia. It is a component of metabolic syndrome that increases the risk of other diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. The treatment of dyslipidemia usually uses conventional therapies like statin drugs. Traditional remedies, such as black garlic, can also help treat dyslipidemia. However, further studies are needed to explore the potential of black garlic compounds to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood. Methods: The study design is a literature review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, which include population, intervention, comparators, and outcomes (PICO). The article search uses online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. The publication year is limited to 2014–2024, full-text, and experimental studies. The keywords used are “(black garlic OR Allium sativum) AND (dyslipidemia OR hypercholesterolemia OR LDL OR HDL OR hypertriglyceridemia) AND (clinical trial OR randomized control trial OR In vitro)”. Key findings: Data are analyzed from 8 scientific journals that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusions: [Black garlic is effective in treating dyslipidemia due to its bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, S-allylcysteine, 5-HMF, pyruvate, thiosulfate, and alkaloids