ISOLAT PROTEIN WHEY MENINGKATKAN SATIETY DAN MENGURANGI ASUPAN KALORI MELALUI INDUKSI SINYAL ANOREKSIGENIK
Abstract
Restriksi kalori merupakan strategi yang efektif dalam menurunkan berat badan, tetapi sulit diimplementasikan pada individu overweight atau obesitas dengan masalah overeating. Kurangnya asupan kalori dan penurunan lemak tubuh meningkatkan sinyal lapar (hunger) pada hipotalamus, sehingga dapat memicu konsumsi makan yang berlebih. Asupan protein menunjukkan peningkatan satiety lebih baik daripada karbohidrat atau lemak, sehingga diet tinggi protein dapat menurunkan total asupan kalori. Isolat protein whey merupakan olahan susu dengan jumlah protein yang tinggi dengan harga yang relatif murah, berpotensi digunakan dalam manajemen penurunan berat badan karena dapat meningkatkan satiety. Review ini bertujuan untuk menelaah efektivitas dan mekanisme protein whey dalam meningkatkan satiety pada orang dewasa. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) digunakan dalam review. Kata kunci “whey”, “protein”, “isolate”, “satiety”, dan “adult” digunakan untuk mencari artikel pada database Pubmed dan ScienceDirect. Sebanyak tujuh studi hasil uji klinik ditemukan setelah skrining. Isolat protein whey meningkatkan satiety, menurunkan rasa lapar, dan mengurangi jumlah asupan makan lebih baik daripada karbohidrat atau placebo, terutama jika dikonsumsi bersamaan dengan makanan. Kadar serum adiponectin dan plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) meningkat setelah konsumsi isolat protein whey. Tidak terdapat perbedaan satiety antara asupan isolat protein whey dengan asupan isolat protein kedelai, kacang polong, kentang, beras, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, atau campuran asam amino. Isolat protein whey meningkatkan satiety dan menurunkan rasa lapar pada orang dewasa melalui peningkatan sinyal adiponectin dan GLP-1, sehingga menurunkan total asupan kalori dan berpotensi digunakan dalam manajemen penurunan berat badan.
References
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Han, H. et al., 2021. From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators. Microbiome, 9(1), pp.1–16.
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Houte, K. Van Den et al., 2021. The gastrointestinal tract in hunger and satiety signalling. , (November 2020), pp.727–734.
Hudson, J.L., Paddon-Jones, D. and Campbell, W.W., 2017. Whey Protein Supplementation Two Hours after a Lower Protein Breakfast Restores Plasma Essential Amino Acid Availability Comparable to a Higher Protein Breakfast in Overweight Adults. Nutr Res, 47, pp.90–97.
Hurtado, M.D. et al., 2022. Sex as an independent variable in the measurement of satiation: a retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Obesity, 46(12), pp.2156–2162.
Huynh, M.K.Q., Kinyua, A.W., Yang, D.J. and Kim, K.W., 2016. Hypothalamic AMPK as a Regulator of Energy Homeostasis. Neural Plasticity, 2016, p.2754078.
Jeong, W. and Jang, S.I., 2020. Associations between meal companions and obesity in south Korean adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8).
Juanola-Falgarona, M. et al., 2014. Effect of the glycemic index of the diet on weight loss, modulation of satiety, inflammation, and other metabolic risk factors: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100(1), pp.27–35.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2019. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Lembaga Penerbit Balitbangkes.
Kohanmoo, A., Faghih, S. and Akhlaghi, M., 2020. Effect of short- and long-term protein consumption on appetite and appetite- regulating gastrointestinal hormones, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Physiology & Behavior, 226(August), p.113123.
Koliaki, C., Dalamaga, M. and Liatis, S., 2023. Update on the Obesity Epidemic: After the Sudden Rise, Is the Upward Trajectory Beginning to Flatten? Current Obesity Reports, 12, pp.514–527.
Lim, J.J. et al., 2022. Does a Higher Protein Diet Promote Satiety and Weight Loss Independent of Carbohydrate Content? An 8‐Week Low‐Energy Diet (LED) Intervention. Nutrients, 14(3), pp.1–21.
Lin, X. and Li, H., 2021. Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12(September), pp.1–9.
Lorinczova, H.T. et al., 2021. Comparative Assessment of the Acute Effects of Whey, Rice and Potato Protein Isolate Intake on Markers of Glycaemic Regulation and Appetite in Healthy Males Using a Randomised Study Design. Nutrients, 13(2157), pp.1–14.
Lu, V.B., Gribble, F.M. and Reimann, F., 2021. Nutrient-Induced Cellular Mechanisms of Gut Hormone Secretion. Nutrients, 13, p.883.
Melson, C.E., Nepocatych, S. and Madzima, T.A., 2019. The Effects of Whey and Soy Liquid Breakfast on Appetite Response, Energy Metabolism, and Subsequent Energy Intake. Nutrition, 61, pp.179–186.
Micol, V., 2023. Phytomedicine Plant compounds for obesity treatment through neuroendocrine regulation of hunger : A systematic review. , 113.
Minj, S. and Anand, S., 2020. Whey Proteins and Its Derivatives: Bioactivity, Functionality, and Current Applications. Dairy, 1(3), pp.233–258.
Morell, P. and Fiszman, S., 2017. Revisiting the role of protein-induced satiation and satiety. Food Hydrocolloids, 68, pp.199–210.
Muliadi, R.D., Kartawidjajaputra, F. and Antono, L., 2022. The effect of high protein milk supplementation on satiety in normal weight subjects. Food Research, 6(6), pp.96–102.
Ness, K.M. et al., 2019. Four nights of sleep restriction suppress the postprandial lipemic response and decrease satiety. Journal of Lipid Research, 60(11), pp.1935–1945.
Page, A.J., 2021. Gastrointestinal vagal afferents and food intake: Relevance of circadian rhythms. Nutrients, 13(3), pp.1–17.
Page, M.J. et al., 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ, 372(n71), pp.1–9.
Phillips, S.M. and van Loon, L.J.C., 2011. Dietary protein for athletes: From requirements to optimum adaptation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(S1), pp.S29–S38.
Powell-Wiley, T.M. et al., 2021. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 143(21), pp.E984–E1010.
Project, C.T.F. et al., 2020. Appetite Control across the Lifecourse : The Acute. , pp.1–26.
Rakha, A. et al., 2022. Insights into the constellating drivers of satiety impacting dietary patterns and lifestyle. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9(1002619).
Roudsari, A.H. et al., 2017. Psycho-socio-cultural determinants of food choice: A qualitative study on adults in social and cultural context. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 12(4), pp.238–247.
Savastano, D.M. et al., 2014. Effect of two dietary fibers on satiety and glycemic parameters: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory study. Nutrition Journal, 13(1), pp.1–11.
Scully, T., Ettela, A., LeRoith, D. and Gallagher, E.J., 2021. Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cancer Risk. Frontiers in Oncology, 10, pp.1–20.
Siemian, J.N., Arenivar, M.A., Sarsfield, S. and Aponte, Y., 2021. Hypothalamic control of interoceptive hunger. Current Biology, 31(17), pp.3797-3809.e5.
Smith, P.M. and Ferguson, A. V, 2008. Neurophysiology of Hunger and Satiety. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 14, pp.96–104.
Stewart, T.M., Martin, C.K. and Williamson, D.A., 2022. The Complicated Relationship between Dieting, Dietary Restraint, Caloric Restriction, and Eating Disorders: Is a Shift in Public Health Messaging Warranted? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1).
Tremblay, A. and Bellisle, F., 2015. Nutrients , satiety , and control of energy intake. NRC Research Press, 979(May), pp.971–979.
Tsani, A.F.A. et al., 2021. Satiety Profiles in Obese and Normal Adults After High-Carbohydrate Diet Ingestion. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15(7), pp.2051–2055.
Veasey, R.C. et al., 2015. The effect of breakfast prior to morning exercise on cognitive performance, mood and appetite later in the day in habitually active women. Nutrients, 7(7), pp.5712–5732.
Vermote, M. et al., 2018. The effect of a portion size intervention on French fries consumption, plate waste, satiety and compensatory caloric intake: An on-campus restaurant experiment. Nutrition Journal, 17(1), pp.1–12.
Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S., Lemmens, S.G. and Westerterp, K.R., 2012. Dietary protein - Its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. British Journal of Nutrition, 108, pp.S105–S112.
World Health Organization, 2000. The Asia-Pacific Perspective: Re-Defining Obesity and Its Treatment. WHO.
Blundell, J.E. et al., 2015. Appetite control and energy balance: Impact of exercise. Obesity Reviews, 16(S1), pp.67–76.
Brooks, R.C., Simpson, S.J. and Raubenheimer, D., 2010. The price of protein: Combining evolutionary and economic analysis to understand excessive energy consumption. Obesity Reviews, 11(12), pp.887–894.
Campbell, C.L., Foegeding, E.A. and Harris, G.K., 2016. Cocoa and Whey Protein Differentially Affect Markers of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism and Satiety. J Med Food, 19(3), pp.219–227.
Capucho, A.M. and Conde, S. V, 2023. Impact of Sugars on Hypothalamic Satiety Pathways and Its Contribution to Dysmetabolic States. , pp.1–10.
Chungchunlam, S.M.S., Henare, S.J., Ganesh, S. and Moughan, P.J., 2016. Effect of Whey Protein and A Free Amino Acid Mixture Simulating Whey Protein on Measures of Satiety in Normal-Weight Women. British Journal ofNutrition, 116, pp.1666–1673.
Chungchunlam, S.M.S., Henare, S.J., Ganesh, S. and Moughan, P.J., 2017. Effects of Whey Protein and Its Two Major Protein Components on Satiety and Food Intake in Normal-Weight Women. Physiol Behav, 1(175), pp.113–118.
Cifuentes, L., Camilleri, M. and Acosta, A., 2021. Gastric sensory and motor functions and energy intake in health and obesity—therapeutic implications. Nutrients, 13(4), pp.1–30.
Clayton, D.J., Stensel, D.J., Watson, P. and James, L.J., 2014. The effect of post-exercise drink macronutrient content on appetite and energy intake. Appetite, 82, pp.173–179.
Cleator, J. et al., 2012. Night eating syndrome: Implications for severe obesity. Nutrition and Diabetes, 2(September), pp.e44-10.
Clemente-Suárez, V.J. et al., 2023. Global Impacts of Western Diet and Its Effects on Metabolism and Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients, 15(12).
Cornejo-Pareja, I., Muñoz-Garach, A., Clemente-Postigo, M. and Tinahones, F.J., 2019. Importance of gut microbiota in obesity. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72, pp.26–37.
Crowder, C.M., Neumann, B.L. and Baum, J.I., 2016. The Effect of Breakfast Protein Source Does Not Influence Postprandial Appetite Response and Food Intake in Normal Weight and Overweight Young Women. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2016, p.6265789.
Decarie‐spain, L. and Kanoski, S.E., 2021. Ghrelin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1: A gut‐brain axis battle for food reward. Nutrients, 13(3), pp.1–23.
Drummen, M. et al., 2018. Dietary protein and energy balance in relation to obesity and co-morbidities. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 9, pp.1–13.
Garba, U. and Kaur, S., 2014. Protein isolates : production, functional properties and application. International Journal of Current Research and Review, 06(03), pp.35–45.
Gosby, A.K., Conigrave, A.D., Raubenheimer, D. and Simpson, S.J., 2014. Protein leverage and energy intake. Obesity Reviews, 15(3), pp.183–191.
Haam, J.H. et al., 2023. Diagnosis of Obesity: 2022 Update of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, 32(2), pp.121–129.
Hamid, N. et al., 2024. Consumption of High Fat and Hot Temperature Meals Induces Higher Subjective Satiety and Reduces Hunger. Journal of Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology, 31(1), pp.1398–1411.
Han, H. et al., 2021. From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators. Microbiome, 9(1), pp.1–16.
Harbuwono, D.S., Pramono, L.A., Yunir, E. and Subekti, I., 2018. Obesity and central obesity in indonesia: Evidence from a national health survey. Medical Journal of Indonesia, 27(2), pp.53–59.
Hardcastle, S.J., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C. and Chatzisarantis, N.L.D., 2015. Food choice and nutrition: A social psychological perspective. Nutrients, 7(10), pp.8712–8715.
Hawley, A.L. et al., 2020. The Short-Term Effect of Whey Compared with Pea Protein on Appetite, Food Intake, and Energy Expenditure in Young and Older Men. Curr Dev Nutr, 4(2), pp.1–9.
Houte, K. Van Den et al., 2021. The gastrointestinal tract in hunger and satiety signalling. , (November 2020), pp.727–734.
Hudson, J.L., Paddon-Jones, D. and Campbell, W.W., 2017. Whey Protein Supplementation Two Hours after a Lower Protein Breakfast Restores Plasma Essential Amino Acid Availability Comparable to a Higher Protein Breakfast in Overweight Adults. Nutr Res, 47, pp.90–97.
Hurtado, M.D. et al., 2022. Sex as an independent variable in the measurement of satiation: a retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Obesity, 46(12), pp.2156–2162.
Huynh, M.K.Q., Kinyua, A.W., Yang, D.J. and Kim, K.W., 2016. Hypothalamic AMPK as a Regulator of Energy Homeostasis. Neural Plasticity, 2016, p.2754078.
Jeong, W. and Jang, S.I., 2020. Associations between meal companions and obesity in south Korean adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8).
Juanola-Falgarona, M. et al., 2014. Effect of the glycemic index of the diet on weight loss, modulation of satiety, inflammation, and other metabolic risk factors: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100(1), pp.27–35.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2019. Laporan Nasional Riskesdas 2018. Lembaga Penerbit Balitbangkes.
Kohanmoo, A., Faghih, S. and Akhlaghi, M., 2020. Effect of short- and long-term protein consumption on appetite and appetite- regulating gastrointestinal hormones, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Physiology & Behavior, 226(August), p.113123.
Koliaki, C., Dalamaga, M. and Liatis, S., 2023. Update on the Obesity Epidemic: After the Sudden Rise, Is the Upward Trajectory Beginning to Flatten? Current Obesity Reports, 12, pp.514–527.
Lim, J.J. et al., 2022. Does a Higher Protein Diet Promote Satiety and Weight Loss Independent of Carbohydrate Content? An 8‐Week Low‐Energy Diet (LED) Intervention. Nutrients, 14(3), pp.1–21.
Lin, X. and Li, H., 2021. Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12(September), pp.1–9.
Lorinczova, H.T. et al., 2021. Comparative Assessment of the Acute Effects of Whey, Rice and Potato Protein Isolate Intake on Markers of Glycaemic Regulation and Appetite in Healthy Males Using a Randomised Study Design. Nutrients, 13(2157), pp.1–14.
Lu, V.B., Gribble, F.M. and Reimann, F., 2021. Nutrient-Induced Cellular Mechanisms of Gut Hormone Secretion. Nutrients, 13, p.883.
Melson, C.E., Nepocatych, S. and Madzima, T.A., 2019. The Effects of Whey and Soy Liquid Breakfast on Appetite Response, Energy Metabolism, and Subsequent Energy Intake. Nutrition, 61, pp.179–186.
Micol, V., 2023. Phytomedicine Plant compounds for obesity treatment through neuroendocrine regulation of hunger : A systematic review. , 113.
Minj, S. and Anand, S., 2020. Whey Proteins and Its Derivatives: Bioactivity, Functionality, and Current Applications. Dairy, 1(3), pp.233–258.
Morell, P. and Fiszman, S., 2017. Revisiting the role of protein-induced satiation and satiety. Food Hydrocolloids, 68, pp.199–210.
Muliadi, R.D., Kartawidjajaputra, F. and Antono, L., 2022. The effect of high protein milk supplementation on satiety in normal weight subjects. Food Research, 6(6), pp.96–102.
Ness, K.M. et al., 2019. Four nights of sleep restriction suppress the postprandial lipemic response and decrease satiety. Journal of Lipid Research, 60(11), pp.1935–1945.
Page, A.J., 2021. Gastrointestinal vagal afferents and food intake: Relevance of circadian rhythms. Nutrients, 13(3), pp.1–17.
Page, M.J. et al., 2021. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. The BMJ, 372(n71), pp.1–9.
Phillips, S.M. and van Loon, L.J.C., 2011. Dietary protein for athletes: From requirements to optimum adaptation. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(S1), pp.S29–S38.
Powell-Wiley, T.M. et al., 2021. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 143(21), pp.E984–E1010.
Project, C.T.F. et al., 2020. Appetite Control across the Lifecourse : The Acute. , pp.1–26.
Rakha, A. et al., 2022. Insights into the constellating drivers of satiety impacting dietary patterns and lifestyle. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9(1002619).
Roudsari, A.H. et al., 2017. Psycho-socio-cultural determinants of food choice: A qualitative study on adults in social and cultural context. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 12(4), pp.238–247.
Savastano, D.M. et al., 2014. Effect of two dietary fibers on satiety and glycemic parameters: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, exploratory study. Nutrition Journal, 13(1), pp.1–11.
Scully, T., Ettela, A., LeRoith, D. and Gallagher, E.J., 2021. Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cancer Risk. Frontiers in Oncology, 10, pp.1–20.
Siemian, J.N., Arenivar, M.A., Sarsfield, S. and Aponte, Y., 2021. Hypothalamic control of interoceptive hunger. Current Biology, 31(17), pp.3797-3809.e5.
Smith, P.M. and Ferguson, A. V, 2008. Neurophysiology of Hunger and Satiety. Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 14, pp.96–104.
Stewart, T.M., Martin, C.K. and Williamson, D.A., 2022. The Complicated Relationship between Dieting, Dietary Restraint, Caloric Restriction, and Eating Disorders: Is a Shift in Public Health Messaging Warranted? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1).
Tremblay, A. and Bellisle, F., 2015. Nutrients , satiety , and control of energy intake. NRC Research Press, 979(May), pp.971–979.
Tsani, A.F.A. et al., 2021. Satiety Profiles in Obese and Normal Adults After High-Carbohydrate Diet Ingestion. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 15(7), pp.2051–2055.
Veasey, R.C. et al., 2015. The effect of breakfast prior to morning exercise on cognitive performance, mood and appetite later in the day in habitually active women. Nutrients, 7(7), pp.5712–5732.
Vermote, M. et al., 2018. The effect of a portion size intervention on French fries consumption, plate waste, satiety and compensatory caloric intake: An on-campus restaurant experiment. Nutrition Journal, 17(1), pp.1–12.
Westerterp-Plantenga, M.S., Lemmens, S.G. and Westerterp, K.R., 2012. Dietary protein - Its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. British Journal of Nutrition, 108, pp.S105–S112.
World Health Organization, 2000. The Asia-Pacific Perspective: Re-Defining Obesity and Its Treatment. WHO.
Published
2024-05-25
How to Cite
WISESA, Sindhu; SORAYA, Aristi Intan; WAHYUDIN, Wahyudin.
ISOLAT PROTEIN WHEY MENINGKATKAN SATIETY DAN MENGURANGI ASUPAN KALORI MELALUI INDUKSI SINYAL ANOREKSIGENIK.
Mandala Of Health, [S.l.], v. 17, n. 1, p. 11-28, may 2024.
ISSN 2615-6954.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/mandala/article/view/11838>. Date accessed: 01 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.mandala.2024.17.1.11838.
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Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
