Peran Mikroorganisme Menguntungkan dalam Pengendalian AHPND pada Budidaya Udang: Sebuah Tinjauan
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Penyakit Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) merupakan salah satu ancaman utama dalam budidaya udang yang disebabkan oleh Vibrio parahaemolyticus pembawa plasmid toksin PirAB. Upaya pengendalian konvensional berbasis antibiotik telah memunculkan permasalahan resistensi antimikroba dan kerusakan mikrobiota usus. Artikel ini merupakan tinjauan pustaka yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi mikroorganisme, khususnya genus Bacillus, sebagai agen biokontrol alternatif dalam mengendalikan AHPND. Berbagai riset yang dipublikasikan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir dianalisis secara kritis untuk menilai efektivitas, mekanisme kerja, dan tantangan aplikatif probiotik mikroorganisme terhadap AHPND. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa beberapa strain Bacillus, seperti B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, dan B. velezensis, mampu menekan infeksi AHPND secara signifikan melalui produksi senyawa antibakteri dan stimulasi imun udang. Artikel ini juga mengungkap adanya ketidakkonsistenan metodologis dalam pengujian efektivitas probiotik dan pentingnya harmonisasi eksperimen untuk pengembangan probiotik skala industri. Kajian ini memberikan perspektif ilmiah berbasis bukti mengenai peran mikroorganisme dalam akuakultur berkelanjutan bebas antibiotik.
Kata kunci: AHPND, Bacillus, biokontrol, probiotik, Vibrio parahaemolyticus
References
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Wang, Dehao, Wang, L., Bi, D., Song, J., Wang, G., Gao, Y., … Dong, X. (2022). Conjugative Transfer of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease-Causing pVA1-Type Plasmid Is Mediated by a Novel Self-Encoded Type IV Secretion System. Microbiology Spectrum, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01702-22
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Yeoh, H. I., Izzatty, R., Furusawa, G., Amirul, A. A. A., Shu-Chien, A. C., & Sung, Y. Y. (2021). The Vibrio-predatory filamentous bacteria effectively removed acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) causative Vibrio parahaemolyticus in vitro. Aquaculture Reports, 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100910
Azhdari, S. M. H., Kazemzadeh Pournaki, S., Tavabe, K. R., Hosseni, S. V., Bagheri, D., Javanmardi, S., … Frinsko, M. (2023). Effects of Bacillus subtilis and LactoBacillus plantarum probiotics on the Litopenaeus vannamei growth performance, hemolymph factors, and physicochemical parameters. Aquaculture Reports, 33, 101873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101873
Hirono, I., Tinwongger, S., Nochiri, Y., & Kondo, H. (2016). Latest research on acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of penaeid shrimps. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10862/3082
Imaizumi, K., Tinwongger, S., Kondo, H., & Hirono, I. (2021). Analysis of microbiota in the stomach and midgut of two penaeid shrimps during probiotic feeding. Scientific Reports, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89415-w
Jeon, H. J., Song, J. W., Lee, C., Kim, B., Park, S. Y., Kim, J. H., … Park, J. H. (2022). Antibacterial Activity of Bacillus Strains against Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease-Causing Vibrio campbellii in Pacific White Leg Shrimp. Fishes, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7050287
Kewcharoen, W., & Srisapoome, P. (2019). Probiotic effects of Bacillus spp. from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on water quality and shrimp growth, immune responses, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (AHPND strains). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 94, 175–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.013
Kumar, V., Roy, S., Behera, B. K., Bossier, P., & Das, B. K. (2021). Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (Ahpnd): Virulence, pathogenesis and mitigation strategies in Shrimp aquaculture. Toxins, Vol. 13. MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080524
Leaño, E. M. (2016). Regional response on AHPND and other emerging shrimp diseases in the Asia-Pacific. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10862/3085
Li, P., Kinch, L. N., Ray, A., Dalia, A. B., Cong, Q., Nunan, L. M., … Orth, K. (2017). Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains maintain an antibacterial type VI secretion system with versatile effector repertoires. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 83(13). https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00737-17
Mai, D. H., Huynh, B. T., Nguyen, H. T., Nguyen, H. P., Nguyen, T. T., Tran, L. T., ... & Tran, H. V. (2021). Current status of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and result of isolating AHPND-causing strains of farmed shrimp in Mekong Delta Region of Vietnam. The Journal of Agriculture and Development, 20(2), 36-43.
Muthukrishnan, S., Defoirdt, T., Shariff, M., M. Y, I.-S., Yusoff, F. M., & Natrah, I. (2019, December 20). Horizontal gene transfer of the pirAB genes responsible for Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) turns a non- Vibrio strain into an AHPND-positive pathogen. https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.20.884320
Natrah, I., Muthukrishnan, S., Mohd‐Padil, H., Mohamad, N., Alipiah, N. M., Shariff, M., … Defoirdt, T. (2025). Antimicrobial Resistance in Malaysian Shrimp Aquaculture and Strategies to Reduce Its Occurrence. Reviews in Aquaculture, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.70020
Omar, A., Marzouk, M., Mahfouz, N., Massoud, A., Shukry, M., Farrag, F., … Moustafa, E. (2024). Effects of the putative probiotics Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus subtilis on white leg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, immune response, gut histology, water quality, and growth performance. Open Veterinary Journal, 14((1) (Zagazig Veterinary Confer), 144. https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i1.13
Pakingking, R. V, Grace, E., De Jesus-Ayson, T., & Acosta, B. O. (2016). Proceedings of the ASEAN Regional Technical Consultation on EMS/AHPND and Other Transboundary Diseases for Improved Aquatic Animal Health in Southeast Asia 22-24.
Proespraiwong, P., Mavichak, R., Imaizumi, K., Hirono, I., & Unajak, S. (2023). Evaluation of Bacillus spp. as Potent Probiotics with Reduction in AHPND-Related Mortality and Facilitating Growth Performance of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Farms. Microorganisms, 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092176
Restrepo, L., Domínguez-Borbor, C., Bajaña, L., Betancourt, I., Rodríguez, J., Bayot, B., & Reyes, A. (2021). Microbial community characterization of shrimp survivors to AHPND challenge test treated with an effective shrimp probiotic (Vibrio diabolicus). Microbiome, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01043-8
Saputra, A., Maftuch, Andayani, S., & Yanuhar, U. (2023). Pathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) in shrimp (Litopanaeus vannamei) in Serang, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 24(4), 2365–2373. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240451
Soto-Rodriguez, S. A., Lozano-Olvera, R., Ramos-Clamont Montfort, G., Zenteno, E., Sánchez-Salgado, J. L., Vibanco-Pérez, N., & Aguilar Rendón, K. G. (2022). New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of PirAB from Vibrio Parahaemolyticus. Toxins, 14(4), 243. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14040243
Surawut, S., Suntara, K., Puckdee, W., Kunsook, C., Kanjanavas, P., Kompatiparn, A., & Leeruksakiat, P. (2023). Decreased Severity of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by Mixed Culture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus megaterium. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 34(1), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2023.34.1.6
Wang, Dehao, Wang, L., Bi, D., Song, J., Wang, G., Gao, Y., … Dong, X. (2022). Conjugative Transfer of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease-Causing pVA1-Type Plasmid Is Mediated by a Novel Self-Encoded Type IV Secretion System. Microbiology Spectrum, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01702-22
Wang, Dongdong, Li, J., Zhu, G., Zhao, K., Jiang, W., Li, H., … Tian, X. (2020). Mechanism of the Potential Therapeutic Candidate Bacillus subtilis BSXE-1601 Against Shrimp Pathogenic Vibrios and Multifunctional Metabolites Biosynthetic Capability of the Strain as Predicted by Genome Analysis. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.581802
Yeoh, H. I., Izzatty, R., Furusawa, G., Amirul, A. A. A., Shu-Chien, A. C., & Sung, Y. Y. (2021). The Vibrio-predatory filamentous bacteria effectively removed acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) causative Vibrio parahaemolyticus in vitro. Aquaculture Reports, 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100910
Published
2025-12-31
How to Cite
PRASTIYO, Jery et al.
Peran Mikroorganisme Menguntungkan dalam Pengendalian AHPND pada Budidaya Udang: Sebuah Tinjauan.
MAIYAH, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 4, p. 198-205, dec. 2025.
ISSN 2963-4091.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/maiyah/article/view/18256>. Date accessed: 25 feb. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.maiyah.2025.4.4.18256.
Section
Articles
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