The Impact of Ectoparasites on Morphometric Profiles of Hotate Scallop In Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan
Dampak Ektoparasit Terhadap Profil Morfometri Kerang Hotate Di Teluk Funka, Hokkaido, Jepang
Abstract
The hotate clam (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) is one of the clam species that lives in cold-temperature waters with the largest production in the Japanese region. However, the sustainability of this aquaculture is threatened by various factors, including ectoparasite infections that can affect the morphometric profile of the scallop. This study aimed to analyze the impact of ectoparasites on the morphometry of hotate clams in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, and to inventory the types of ectoparasites found. Samples of 25 individual hotate mussels were taken using random sampling techniques and morphometric measurements were taken using Image-J software. Ectoparasite infestation was categorized into four categories: free, low, medium and high. Analysis was conducted using One-Way ANOVA and Fisher's Pairwise Comparison follow-up test (P<0.05), as well as hierarchical cluster analysis based on the Bray-curtis similarity index visualized in a dendrogram. The results showed that there were two types of ectoparasites, namely Polydora sp. and Barnacles sp., with the dominance of Polydora sp. which was found in 17 individuals. Some morphometric distances such as AD, AE, BD, and CE showed significant differences between infestation categories. The dendrogram showed that the 'free', 'low', and 'medium' categories had high morphometric similarity (0.987), while the 'high' category showed lower similarity (0.96).
References
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Radiarta, I. N., Saitoh, S. I., and Miyazono, A. 2008. GIS-based Multi-Criteria Evaluation Models for Identifying Suitable Sites for Japanese Scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) Aquaculture in Funka Bay, Southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Aquaculture, 284(1-4): 127-135.
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Arikunto, S. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian: Sebuah Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Association, 2020. Buku Teks Untuk Tes Keterampilan Perikanan Budidaya: 23-37.
Association, J.H. 2023. What is Hotate. Diakses pada 25 April 2025, dari https://j-hotate.com/
Aulya, A. dkk. 2023. Keragaman Morfologi Kerang Hotate (Patinopecten yessoensis, Jay 1857) di Teluk Funka Hokkaido Jepang. Jurnal Maiyah, 2(2): 139-147.
Aura, C. M. 2015. An Integrated Approach of Habitat Suitability Model for Management of Japanese Scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) aquaculture: A Comparative Study in Funka Bay and Mutsu Bay, Japan. Thesis Journal Hokkaido University.
Aura, C. M., Saitoh, S. I., Liu, Y., Hirawake, T., Baba, K., and Yoshida, T. 2016. Implications of Marine Environment Change on Japanese Scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) Aquaculture Suitability: A Comparative Study in Funka and Mutsu Bays, Japan. Aquaculture Research, 47(7): 2164-2182.
Aya, F. A., Hidaka, Y., & Kudo, I. 2014. Clearance Rates and Ingestion Efficiency of the Japanese Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis). Plankton and Benthos Research, 8(3): 134-140.
Aya FA, Kudo I. 2007. Isotopic Determination of Japanese Scallop Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) Yessoensis (Jay) Tissues Shows Habitat-Related Differences in Food Sources. Journal of Shellfish Research, 26 (2): 295–302.
Caddy, J., R.A. Chandler, and E.I. Lord. 1970. Bay of Fundy scallop surveys 1966 and 1967 with observations on the commercial fishery. Tech. Rep. Fish. Res. Board Can. 168.
Deguine, J. P., Aubertot, J. N., Flor, R. J., Lescourret, F., Wyckhuys, K. A. G., & Ratnadass, A. 2021. Integrated pest management: good intentions, hard realities. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 41(3).
Dvoretsky, Alexander G. and Vladimir G. Dvoretsky. 2022. Biological Aspects, Fisheries, and Aquaculture of Yesso Scallops in Russian Waters of the Sea of Japan. Journal Diversity, 14: 399.
Donovan, Deborah A. dkk. 2003. E¡ects of barnacle encrustation on the swimming behaviour, energetics, morphometry, and drag coefficient of the scallop Chlamys hastata. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83: 813-819.
Effendie, M.I. 1997. Metode Biologi Perikanan. Yayasan Dewi Sri. Hal, 111.
Elston, R.A. Dungan, C.F., Meyres, T.R., & Recce, K.S. 2003. Perkinsus sp. infection risk for manila clams, Venerupis philippinarus (A. Adams dan reeve, 1950) on the Pasific Coast of North and Central America. Journal of shellfish Research, 22(3): 661-665.
Fajrina, N., Sarong, M.A., Saputri,M., Huda, I., Khairil. 2020. Pola Pertumbuhan Kerang Air Tawar (Anadonta woodiana) Berdasarkan Substrat Di Perairan Sungai Aron Patah Kecamatan Panga Kabupaten Aceh Jaya, 5(1): 34.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 2009. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2008, pp. 196. FAO, Rome.
Fatimah, S. 2013. Analisis Morfologi dan Hubungan Kekerabatan Sebelas Jenis Tanaman Salak (Salacca zalacca (Gertner) Voss Bangkalan. Agrovigor, 6(1): 1-15.
Febrianti, S., Listiowati, M., Wijaya, R., Kasprijo., Ekasanti, A., & Maya, I. 2023. Karakter Morfologi dan Morfometrik Kerang Hotate pada Stadia Berbeda di Teluk Funka, Hokkaido, Jepang. Jurnal Maiyah, 2(4): 349-358.
Gaol, Natal Nail Lumban. 2017. Perbandingan Morfometri Kerang Bulu (Anadara antiquata) di Belawan dan Tanjung Pura Sumatera Utara. Skripsi. Universitas Medan Area: 10.
Getchell, R. G., Smolowitz, R. M., McGladdery, S. E., & Bower, S. M. 2016. Diseases and Parasites of Scallops. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 40: 425–467.
Griffiths, C.L. & J.S. Griffiths. 1987. Bivalvia. In: J.H. Pandian & F.J. Vernberg, (eds.). Animals energetics, Academic Press, New York, 2: 1-88.
Hamada, T., Yamashita, N., Takagi, S., & Natsume, S. 2000. Difference in Perfomance of Three Ear-hanging Methods in Scallop Farming. Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ, 51(2): 105-106.
Hidayat, Rifaldi. dkk. 2023. Hama Predator dan Organisme Penempel pada Budidaya Kerang Hotate (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) di Teluk Funka, Hokkaido, Jepang. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, 11(4): 150-161.
Hitchhikers, 2025. MT Sea Grant College Program. Barnacles.
Hoffman, G. L.& Brown, B. L. 2019. Parasites of North American Freshwater Fishes.
Hopla, C.E., Durden, J.E., Keirans. 1994. Ectoparasites and Classification. Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz.,., 13 (4): 985–1017.
Japan Fisheries Association. 2020. Buku Teks Untuk Tes Keterampilan Perikanan (Budidaya). Hokkaido, Jepang.
Ichiro, I., Shimada, H., Akiyoshi, S., Baba,K., Kanamori,M., Sato, M., Kuwahara, Y., Miyoshi, K., Tada, M., Hirano, K., Miyazono, A., & Itakura, S. 2014. Prediction of toxic alga bloom occurrences and adaptation to toxic blooms to minimize economic loss to the scallop aquaculture industry in Hokkaido, Japan. Proceedings of the Workshop on Economic Impacts of Harmful Alga Blooms on Fisheries and Aquaculture North Pacific Marine Science Organization, 47: 7-16.
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Kurniawan, Elang., dkk. 2024. Budidaya Kerang Hotate. Penerbit Deepublish. Sleman: 2-55.
Kosaka, Y. 2016. Scallop Fisheries and Aquaculture in Japan. In Scallops: Biology, Ecology, Aquaculture and Fisheries: 891-936.
Latifa, Ria. 2021. Pengembangan Buku POP UP Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Pada Materi Annelida Kelas X di MA Roudhotul Huda. Skripsi. Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro: 20-25.
Lestari, R. 2024. Hubungan Panjang Dan Berat Benih Kerang Hotate (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) Pada Fase Hon-Bunsan Di Teluk Funka, Hokkaido, Jepang. Skripsi. Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.
MacDonald, B.A., and R.J. Thompson. 1985. Influences of temperature and food availability on the ecological energetics of giant scallop Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin). I. Growth rates of shell and somatic tissue. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 25:279-294
Merdeka, K. 2023. Inventarisasi Hama Dan Parasit Pada Budidaya Kerang Hotate (Patinopecten yessoensis) Di Teluk Funka, Hokkaido, Jepang. Skripsi. Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.
Mori, K., Sato, W., Nomura, T., Imajima, M., 1985. Infestation of the Japanese Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis by the boring polychaetes, Polydora, on the Okhotsk Sea Coast of Hokkaido, especially in Abashiri Waters. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 51: 371-380.
Morse, Dana. L., Hugh S. Cowperthwaite., Nathaniel Perry., Melissa Britsch. 2020. Methods And Materials For Aquaculture Production Of Sea Scallops (Placopecten magellanicus). MEU (Maine Sea Grant). University of Maine: 1-9.
Mukhlis, Alis., Marzuki, M., Ibadur, R., Introduksi Metoda Penanggulangan Parasit Pada Benih Kerang Mutiara Pinctada maxima di Dusun Siung, Desa Batu Putih, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, 1: 328.
Nagir, M.T., 2013. Morfometri Kerang Darah Anadara granosa l Pada Beberapa Pasar Rakyat Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. Universitas Hassanudin, Skripsi: 1-48.
Naidu, K.S. 1991. Sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus. In: S.M. Shumway (ed.), Scallops: Biology, ecology and aquaculture. Elsevier, Amsterdam: 861-897
Nurasmi, 2023. Karakteristik Morfometrik dan Meristik Ikan Nilem, Osteochilus vittatus (Valenciennes, 1842) di Danau Tempe, Kabupaten Wajo dan Danau Sidenreng, Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang, Sulawesi Selatan. Skripsi: 4.
Prasetya, J. D., Sprijanto, J., dan Hutabarat, J. 2010. Potensi Kerang Simping di Kabupaten Brebes Jawa Tengah. Seminar Nasional Tahunan Hasil Penelitian Perikanan dan Kelautan. (VII):1-4.
Prayudhi, Anshar. 2021. Teritip (Barnacles). Biologi Animalia.
Radiarta, I. N., & Saitoh, S. I. 2009. Biophysical models for Japanese scallop, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, aquaculture site selection in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, using remotely sensed data and geographic information system. Aquaculture international, 17(5): 403-419.
Radiarta, I. N., Saitoh, S. I., and Miyazono, A. 2008. GIS-based Multi-Criteria Evaluation Models for Identifying Suitable Sites for Japanese Scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) Aquaculture in Funka Bay, Southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Aquaculture, 284(1-4): 127-135.
Robert, G., M.A.E. Butler-Connolly, and M.J. Lundy 1990. Bay of Fundy stock assessment—1989. Can. Atl. Fish. Sci. Adv. Comm. Res. Doc. 90/31. 35 pp.
Rollinson, D. 2017. Advances in Parasitology. Life Sciences.97: 326.
Rudders, David. et al., 2019. An Investigation into the Scallop Parasite Outbreak on the Mid-Atlantic Shelf: Transmission Pathways, Spatio-Temporal Variation of Infection and Consequences to Marketability: Final Report. William & Mary.
Safitri, Elok. Dkk. 2021. Identifikasi Ektoparasit dan Endoparasit pada Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis). Prosiding SEMNAS BIO. Universitas Negeri Padang: 1257-1264.
Schick, D.F., S.E. Shumway, and M.A. Hunter. 1988. A comparison of growth rates between shallow water and deepwater populations of scallops, Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791), in the Gulf of Maine. Am. Malacol. Bull, 6: 1-8.
Schloesser,Don W. 1996. Zebra Mussel Infestation of Unionid Bivalves (Unionidae) in North America.University of Nebraska, 36(1): 300-310.
Shofiyah, B., Farikhah, F., & Safitri, N. M. 2022. Intensitas dan Prevalensi Ektoparasit Balanus sp. Pada Kerang Hijau Yang Dibudidayakan Dalam Bagan Tancap Di Perairan Banyuurip, Ujungpangkah, Gresik. Jurnal Perikanan Pantura (JPP), 5(1): 163–170.
Shumway, S.E., R. Selvin, and D.F. Schick. 1987. Food resources related to habitat in the scallop Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791): A qualitative study. J. Shellfish Res, 6: 89-95.
Silaban, Rosita., Johny Dobo., & Gresela Rahanubun. 2022. Proporsi Morfometrik Dan Pola Pertumbuhan Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) di Daerah Intertidal, Kota Tual. Jurnal Kelautan, 15(2): 143-152.
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Published
2025-06-30
How to Cite
FAIZAH, Farkhah Nur et al.
The Impact of Ectoparasites on Morphometric Profiles of Hotate Scallop In Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan.
MAIYAH, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 2, p. 122-137, june 2025.
ISSN 2963-4091.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/maiyah/article/view/16685>. Date accessed: 23 oct. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.maiyah.2025.4.2.16685.
Section
Articles
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