Aplikasi Enzim Esterase Bakterial sebagai Agen Biodegradasi Mikroplastik di Ekosistem Perairan
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https://doi.org/10.20884/1.maiyah.2026.5.1.16361
Abstrak
Polusi mikroplastik di ekosistem perairan merupakan ancaman ekologis yang mendesak untuk ditangani secara efektif. Artikel ini mereview aplikasi enzim esterase dari bakteri sebagai agen biodegradasi mikroplastik, dengan fokus pada mekanisme kerja, komunitas mikroba penghasil enzim, dan faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi efektivitas degradasi. Berbagai studi terkini menunjukkan bahwa biofilm mikroba pada media berpori dan konsorsium bakteri meningkatkan kapasitas degradasi plastik sintetis seperti PET dan PP. Pendekatan rekayasa protein dan integrasi sistem biofilm dalam reaktor modern juga terbukti mempercepat degradasi. Kesimpulannya, enzim esterase bakteri menawarkan solusi bioremediasi yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan, dengan potensi besar dalam mengurangi akumulasi mikroplastik dan dampak ekologisnya. Temuan ini penting sebagai dasar pengembangan teknologi pengelolaan limbah plastik yang inovatif dan aplikatif di lapangan.
Referensi
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Huang, Q.-S., Chen, S.-Q., Zhao, X.-M., Song, L.-J., Deng, Y.-M., Xu, K.-W., Yan, Z.-F., & Wu, J. (2024). Enhanced degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics by an engineered Stenotrophomonas pavanii in the presence of biofilm. Science of The Total Environment, 955, 177129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177129
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Thapliyal, C., Priya, A., Singh, S. B., Bahuguna, V., & Daverey, A. (2024). Potential strategies for bioremediation of microplastic contaminated soil. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 6(May), 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.001
Wang, Z., Li, Y., Bai, L., Hou, C., Zheng, C., & Li, W. (2025). Biodegradation of polypropylene microplastics by Bacillus pasteurii isolated from a gold mine tailing. Emerging Contaminants, 11(1), 100397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100397
Zampolli, J., Orro, A., Vezzini, D., & Di Gennaro, P. (2022). Genome-Based Exploration of Rhodococcus Species for Plastic-Degrading Genetic Determinants Using Bioinformatic Analysis. Microorganisms, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091846
Zhao, Y., Che, Y., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Gao, W., Zhang, T., & Yang, C. (2021). Development of an efficient pathway construction strategy for rapid evolution of the biodegradation capacity of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and its application in bioremediation. Science of the Total Environment, 761(xxxx), 143239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143239
nceco.2025.05.008
Ali, S. S., Elsamahy, T., Al-Tohamy, R., & Sun, J. (2024). A critical review of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems: Degradation mechanisms and removing strategies. Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, 21, 100427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.e se.2024.100427
Baldera-Moreno, Y., Pino, V., Farres, A., Banerjee, A., Gordillo, F., & Andler, R. (2022). Biotechnological Aspects and Mathematical Modeling of the Biodegradation of Plastics under Controlled Conditions. Polymers, 14(3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/
polym14030375
Gowthami, A., Syed Marjuk, M., Santhanam, P., Thirumurugan, R., Muralisankar, T., & Perumal, P. (2025). Marine microalgae – Mediated biodegradation of polystyrene microplastics: Insights from enzymatic and molecular docking studies. Chemosphere, 370(December 2024), 144024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.che mosphere.2024.144024
Huang, Q.-S., Chen, S.-Q., Zhao, X.-M., Song, L.-J., Deng, Y.-M., Xu, K.-W., Yan, Z.-F., & Wu, J. (2024). Enhanced degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics by an engineered Stenotrophomonas pavanii in the presence of biofilm. Science of The Total Environment, 955, 177129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177129
Jin, J., & Jia, Z. (2024). Characterization of Potential Plastic-Degradation Enzymes from Marine Bacteria. ACS Omega, 9(29), 32185–32192. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c04843
Jolaosho, T. L., Rasaq, M. F., Omotoye, E. V., Araomo, O. V., Adekoya, O. S., Abolaji, O. Y., & Hungbo, J. J. (2025). Microplastics in freshwater and marine ecosystems: Occurrence, characterization, sources, distribution dynamics, fate, transport processes, potential mitigation strategies, and policy interventions. In Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (Vol. 294, Issue December 2024). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118036
Khan, M., & Johnson, K. (2024). Microplastics alter toxicity of the insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis to chironomid larvae in different ways depending on particle size. Science of the Total Environment, 954(August), 176637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176637
Nguyen, M. K., Rakib, M. R. J., Hwangbo, M., & Kim, J. (2025). Microplastic accumulation in soils: Unlocking the mechanism and biodegradation pathway. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, 17(January), 100629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.haz adv.2025.100629
Rengarajan, S., Deepa, S., Natarajan, D., Pandian, A., Al-Ansari, M. M., Oza, G., Castillo-Maldonado, I., & Sharma, A. (2024). Bioremediation potential of biochar and metal tolerant Bacillus cereus on heavy metal polluted mine surrounding pond and assessed cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity attributes of treated water on Brine shrimp larvae and Paddy seedling. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 166(P1), 105330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice. 2023.105330Salinas, J., Martínez-Gallardo, M. R., Jurado, M. M., Suárez-Estrella, F., López-González, J. A., Estrella-González, M. J., Toribio, A. J., Carpena-Istán, V., Barbani, N., Cappello, M., Cinelli, P., & López, M. J. (2024). Microbial consortia for multi-plastic waste biodegradation: Selection and validation. Environmental Technology and Innovation, 36(August). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2024.103887
Soares da Silva, R. de C. F., Luna, J. M., Rufino, R. D., & Sarubbo, L. A. (2021). Ecotoxicity of the formulated biosurfactant from Pseudomonas cepacia CCT 6659 and application in the bioremediation of terrestrial and aquatic environments impacted by oil spills. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 154, 338–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep. 2021.08.038
Stevenson, M. E., Pang, L., Farnleitner, A. H., Lindner, G., Kirschner, A. K. T., Blaschke, A. P., & Sommer, R. (2025). Comparative reductions of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, Bacillus subtilis spores, uncoated and glycoprotein-coated microspheres during water filtration through quartz sand. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 74(April), 107737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107737
Suryatini, K. Y., Rai, I. G. A., Wiadnyana, I. G. A. G., & Dharmadewi, A. A. I. M. (2024). Paparan Mikroplastik Dan Potensi Risiko Kesehatan Pencernaan Kadek. Jurnal Edukasi Matematika Dan Sains, 13(1), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.59672/ema sains.v13i1.3888
Thapliyal, C., Priya, A., Singh, S. B., Bahuguna, V., & Daverey, A. (2024). Potential strategies for bioremediation of microplastic contaminated soil. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 6(May), 117–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.001
Wang, Z., Li, Y., Bai, L., Hou, C., Zheng, C., & Li, W. (2025). Biodegradation of polypropylene microplastics by Bacillus pasteurii isolated from a gold mine tailing. Emerging Contaminants, 11(1), 100397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100397
Zampolli, J., Orro, A., Vezzini, D., & Di Gennaro, P. (2022). Genome-Based Exploration of Rhodococcus Species for Plastic-Degrading Genetic Determinants Using Bioinformatic Analysis. Microorganisms, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091846
Zhao, Y., Che, Y., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Gao, W., Zhang, T., & Yang, C. (2021). Development of an efficient pathway construction strategy for rapid evolution of the biodegradation capacity of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and its application in bioremediation. Science of the Total Environment, 761(xxxx), 143239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143239
Diterbitkan
2026-03-31
##submission.howToCite##
KASYANTO, Kasyanto; CAHYANINGTYAS, Hilmi Amanah Aditya Aditya; MUYASYAROH, Hidayatun.
Aplikasi Enzim Esterase Bakterial sebagai Agen Biodegradasi Mikroplastik di Ekosistem Perairan.
MAIYAH, [S.l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 1-16, mar. 2026.
ISSN 2963-4091.
Tersedia pada: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/maiyah/article/view/16361>. Tanggal Akses: 27 july 2026
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.maiyah.2026.5.1.16361.
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