Analisis Dinamika Vapor Pressure Deficit pada Lingkungan Mikroklimat Padi Sawah Terbuka Berbasis Smart Automatic Weather Station Tipe Ultrasonik
Abstract
Produksi padi sawah terbuka sangat dipengaruhi oleh dinamika mikroklimat yang mempengaruhi proses transpirasi, keseimbangan energi–air kanopi, serta efisiensi penggunaan air tanaman, sehingga analisis Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) menjadi aspek kunci dalam pengelolaan irigasi presisi berbasis data. Meskipun teknologi pemantauan mikroklimat berbasis Automatic Weather Station telah berkembang, integrasi pengukuran resolusi temporal tinggi dengan analisis dinamika, hubungan antarvariabel, distribusi harian, serta klasifikasi kondisi atmosfer berbasis clustering VPD pada sistem budidaya padi sawah terbuka masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika VPD menggunakan Smart Automatic Weather Station tipe ultrasonik melalui karakterisasi parameter mikroklimat, analisis temporal, korelasi linier, visualisasi heatmap, dan pengelompokan kondisi atmosfer. Hasil menunjukkan lingkungan mikroklimat lembap dengan suhu rata-rata 27,19 °C, kelembaban relatif 88,81%, dan VPD rata-rata 0,46 kPa dalam rentang 0,01–1,79 kPa yang didominasi defisit uap rendah hingga sedang. VPD dikendalikan kuat oleh suhu udara (r ≈ 0,96) dan kelembaban relatif (r ≈ −1,00), serta meningkat konsisten pada periode radiasi maksimum harian yang merepresentasikan fase kebutuhan air tanaman tertinggi. Analisis clustering mengidentifikasi dominasi defisit uap rendah (53,67%), diikuti defisit tinggi (28,32%) dan sedang (18,01%), yang menunjukkan variabilitas atmosfer signifikan terhadap dinamika transpirasi dan kebutuhan air tanaman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa integrasi pemantauan mikroklimat berbasis sensor ultrasonik dengan analisis dinamika dan klasifikasi VPD memberkan indikator operasional baru untuk mendukung irigasi presisi, mitigasi stres atmosfer, serta pengembangan smart farming berbasis data pada budidaya padi sawah terbuka di wilayah tropis.
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Published
2025-12-03
How to Cite
WIRATMOKO, Ardan et al.
Analisis Dinamika Vapor Pressure Deficit pada Lingkungan Mikroklimat Padi Sawah Terbuka Berbasis Smart Automatic Weather Station Tipe Ultrasonik.
Journal of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering Research, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 2, p. 118-136, dec. 2025.
ISSN 2776-821X.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jaber/article/view/19697>. Date accessed: 11 mar. 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jaber.2025.6.2.19697.
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