Analisis Energi Masukan – Keluaran pada Pertanian Jagung di Lampung Selatan (Studi Kasus Tanjung Bintang)
Abstract
Pertanian merupakan kegiatan yang menghasilkan energi namun tetap membutuhkan energi dalam pelaksanaannya. Jagung merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian utama di Lampung dan Tanjung Bintang, Lampung Selatan adalah salah satu sentra produksi jagung. Penelitian mengenai energi masukan dan keluaran dalam pertanian diperlukan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penggunaan energi dan melihat gambaran daya dukung lingkungan sekitar. Analisis energi masukan dan keluaran dari suatu proses merupakan salah satu tahapan dalam audit energi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, energi masukan pada pertanian jagung dalam satu tahun tanam di Tanjung Bintang, Lampung Selatan adalah sebesar 56.652,56 MJ/ha dan energi keluaran bersihnya adalah sebesar 194.311,84 MJ/ha. Energi masukan paling besar adalah dari penggunaan pupuk yaitu sebesar 84%. Rasio energi pertanian jagung adalah sebesar 3.43 dan intensitas energinya adalah sebesar 5,7 MJ/kg. Berdasarkan nilai intensitas energi dan produktivitas yang dicapai, pertanian jagung ini dapat disebut telah efektif dalam penggunaan energi dan lingkungan sekitar masih mampu menopang terselenggranya pertanian di masa selanjutnya.
References
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Fathi, A., & Kheiralipour, K. (2025). Investigating the energy consumption and carbon footprint in mung bean production ecosystems in Iran. Biosystems Engineering and Renewable Energies, 1(1), 59–63.
Fitryana, D., Swibawa, I. G., Nurdin, M., & Susilo, F. X. (2018). Pengaruh beberapa jenis fungisida sebagai perlakuan benih jagung terhadap kelimpahan dan keragaman artropoda tanah. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v6i1.2529
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Kuswardhani, N., Soni, P., & Shivakoti, G. P. (2013). Comparative energy input–output and financial analyses of greenhouse and open field vegetables production in West Java, Indonesia. Energy, 53, 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.02.032
Mrini, M., Senhaji, F., & Pimentel, D. (2001). Energy analysis of sugarcane production in Morocco. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 3, 109–126.
Muazu, A., Yahya, A., Ishak, W. I. W., & Khairunniza-Bejo, S. (2015). Energy audit for sustainable wetland paddy cultivation in Malaysia. Energy, 87, 182–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.04.066
Muslimah, D. H., Widyastuti, R., & Djajakirana, G. (2022). Aplikasi kombinasi biochar dan pupuk hayati pada tanaman jagung di lahan kering Kabupaten Pandeglang. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan, 24(2), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitl.24.2.47-52
Ozbek, O., Gokdogan, O., & Baran, M. F. (2021). Investigation on energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of onion cultivation. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 30(02), 1125–1133.
Panikkai, S., Nurmalina, R., & Mulatsih, S. (2017). Analisis kebijakan terhadap ketersediaan dan kebutuhan jagung nasional dengan pendekatan sistem dinamik. Jurnal Pangan, 26(2).
Pimentel, D. (1980). Handbook of Energy Utilization In Agriculture (1st ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351072519
Poudel, S., Bhattarai, S., Sherpa, T., Karki, A., Hyun Kim, D., & Kafle, S. (2019). The energy input-output analysis of maize production in Sundarharaincha Municipality, Morang district, Nepal. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 301(1), 012027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/301/1/012027
Putri, R. E., Lovena, C., & Fahmy, K. (2020). Studi kasus audit energi pada budidaya jagung di Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas, 24(1), 54–66.
Rathke, G.-W., & Diepenbrock, W. (2006). Energy balance of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cropping as related to nitrogen supply and preceding crop. European Journal of Agronomy, 24(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2005.04.003
Regyta, S., Ritonga, A. W., & Permatasari, O. S. I. (2023). Kajian jumlah benih per lubang tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata. Sturt). Buletin Agrohorti, 11(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v11i1.46591
Rickson, R. J., Deeks, L. K., Graves, A., Harris, J. A. H., Kibblewhite, M. G., & Sakrabani, R. (2015). Input constraints to food production: The impact of soil degradation. Food Security, 7(2), 351–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-015-0437-x
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Saadi, H., Behnia, M., Taki, M., & Kaab, A. (2025). A comparative study on energy use and environmental impacts in various greenhouse models for vegetable cultivation. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 25, 100553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2024.100553
Soni, P., & Soe, M. N. (2016). Energy balance and energy economic analyses of rice production systems in Ayeyarwaddy Region of Myanmar. Energy Efficiency, 9(1), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-015-9359-x
Truong, T. T. A., Fry, J., Van Hoang, P., & Ha, H. H. (2017). Comparative energy and economic analyses of conventional and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methods of rice production in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam. Paddy and Water Environment, 15(4), 931–941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-017-0603-1
Yelmen, B. (2025). Modeling of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in orange production with artificial neural networks: Case study of Turkey. International Agrophysics, 39(2), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/200128
Abdullah, K., Irwanto, A. K., Siregar, N., & Agustina, E. (1985). Energi dan Listrik Pertanian. Jurusan Mekanisasi Pertanian, Fateta, IPB.
Aguilera, E., Guzmán, G., Infante-Amate, J., Soto Fernández, D., García-Ruiz, R., Herrera, A., Villa, I., Torremocha, E., Carranza-Gallego, G., & Molina, M. (2015). Embodied energy in agricultural inputs. Incorporating a historical perspective (DT-SEHA 1507). Sociedad Española de Historia Agraria.
Behnia, M., Ghahderijani, M., Kaab, A., & Behnia, M. (2025). Evaluation of sustainable energy use in sugarcane production: A holistic model from planting to harvest and life cycle assessment. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 26, 100617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2025.100617
BPS Lampung Selatan. (2024). Luas Panen, Hasil per Hektar, dan Produksi Padi dan Palawija di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan—Tabel Statistik. https://lampungselatankab.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/NzcwIzI=/luas-panen--hasil-per-hektar--dan-produksi-padi-dan-palawija-di-kabupaten-lampung-selatan.html
BPS Provinsi Lampung. (2018). Tanaman Jagung (Luas Panen, Produksi, dan Produktivitas)—Tabel Statistik. https://lampung.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/Mjk4IzI=/tanaman-jagung-luas-panen-produksi-dan-produktivitas-.html
BPS Provinsi Lampung. (2024). Penduduk Usia 15+ yang Bekerja Selama Seminggu yang Lalu Menurut Status Pekerjaan Utama dan Lapangan Pekerjaan Utama—Tabel Statistik. https://lampung.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/ODEzIzI=/penduduk-usia-15-yang-bekerja-selama-seminggu-yang-lalu-menurut-status-pekerjaan-utama-dan-lapangan-pekerjaan-utama.html
Camargo, G. G. T., Ryan, M. R., & Richard, T. L. (2013). Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from crop production using the Farm Energy Analysis Tool. BioScience, 63(4), 263–273. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2013.63.4.6
Fathi, A., & Kheiralipour, K. (2025). Investigating the energy consumption and carbon footprint in mung bean production ecosystems in Iran. Biosystems Engineering and Renewable Energies, 1(1), 59–63.
Fitryana, D., Swibawa, I. G., Nurdin, M., & Susilo, F. X. (2018). Pengaruh beberapa jenis fungisida sebagai perlakuan benih jagung terhadap kelimpahan dan keragaman artropoda tanah. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v6i1.2529
Haryanto, A., Lanya, B., Triyono, S., Saputra, M., & Setyowati, N. (2011). Analisis energi masukan—Keluaran pada proses produksi kelapa sawit (Elaesis guineensis jacq.). Agritech, 31(3), 8.
Herwanto, T., Saukat, M., & Daniagam, R. (2017). Analisis energi pada proses budidaya padi metode System Rice of Intensification (SRI). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fakultas Pertanian UNS, 7.
Ho, T. T. K., Tra, V. T., Le, T. H., Nguyen, N.-K.-Q., Tran, C.-S., Nguyen, P.-T., Vo, T.-D.-H., Thai, V.-N., & Bui, X.-T. (2022). Compost to improve sustainable soil cultivation and crop productivity. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 6, 100211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2022.100211
Kotyal, K. (2023). Circular agriculture: Sustainable farming practices for zero waste. Environmental Reports, 5(1), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.51470/ER.2023.5.1.08
Kuswardhani, N., Soni, P., & Shivakoti, G. P. (2013). Comparative energy input–output and financial analyses of greenhouse and open field vegetables production in West Java, Indonesia. Energy, 53, 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.02.032
Mrini, M., Senhaji, F., & Pimentel, D. (2001). Energy analysis of sugarcane production in Morocco. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 3, 109–126.
Muazu, A., Yahya, A., Ishak, W. I. W., & Khairunniza-Bejo, S. (2015). Energy audit for sustainable wetland paddy cultivation in Malaysia. Energy, 87, 182–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.04.066
Muslimah, D. H., Widyastuti, R., & Djajakirana, G. (2022). Aplikasi kombinasi biochar dan pupuk hayati pada tanaman jagung di lahan kering Kabupaten Pandeglang. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan, 24(2), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.29244/jitl.24.2.47-52
Ozbek, O., Gokdogan, O., & Baran, M. F. (2021). Investigation on energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of onion cultivation. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 30(02), 1125–1133.
Panikkai, S., Nurmalina, R., & Mulatsih, S. (2017). Analisis kebijakan terhadap ketersediaan dan kebutuhan jagung nasional dengan pendekatan sistem dinamik. Jurnal Pangan, 26(2).
Pimentel, D. (1980). Handbook of Energy Utilization In Agriculture (1st ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351072519
Poudel, S., Bhattarai, S., Sherpa, T., Karki, A., Hyun Kim, D., & Kafle, S. (2019). The energy input-output analysis of maize production in Sundarharaincha Municipality, Morang district, Nepal. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 301(1), 012027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/301/1/012027
Putri, R. E., Lovena, C., & Fahmy, K. (2020). Studi kasus audit energi pada budidaya jagung di Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas, 24(1), 54–66.
Rathke, G.-W., & Diepenbrock, W. (2006). Energy balance of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cropping as related to nitrogen supply and preceding crop. European Journal of Agronomy, 24(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2005.04.003
Regyta, S., Ritonga, A. W., & Permatasari, O. S. I. (2023). Kajian jumlah benih per lubang tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata. Sturt). Buletin Agrohorti, 11(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v11i1.46591
Rickson, R. J., Deeks, L. K., Graves, A., Harris, J. A. H., Kibblewhite, M. G., & Sakrabani, R. (2015). Input constraints to food production: The impact of soil degradation. Food Security, 7(2), 351–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-015-0437-x
Rittgers, C., McDonald, G., & Meylinah, S. (2019). Indonesia Grain and Feed Annual Indonesia Grain and Feed Annual Report 2019 (ID1904; p. 21). USDA Foreign Agricultural Services. https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Grain%20and%20Feed%20Annual_Jakarta_Indonesia_3-26-2019.pdf
Saadi, H., Behnia, M., Taki, M., & Kaab, A. (2025). A comparative study on energy use and environmental impacts in various greenhouse models for vegetable cultivation. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 25, 100553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2024.100553
Soni, P., & Soe, M. N. (2016). Energy balance and energy economic analyses of rice production systems in Ayeyarwaddy Region of Myanmar. Energy Efficiency, 9(1), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-015-9359-x
Truong, T. T. A., Fry, J., Van Hoang, P., & Ha, H. H. (2017). Comparative energy and economic analyses of conventional and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methods of rice production in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam. Paddy and Water Environment, 15(4), 931–941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-017-0603-1
Yelmen, B. (2025). Modeling of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in orange production with artificial neural networks: Case study of Turkey. International Agrophysics, 39(2), 165–173. https://doi.org/10.31545/intagr/200128
Published
2025-10-09
How to Cite
FARHANI, Amna Citra et al.
Analisis Energi Masukan – Keluaran pada Pertanian Jagung di Lampung Selatan (Studi Kasus Tanjung Bintang).
Journal of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering Research, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 2, p. 84-96, oct. 2025.
ISSN 2776-821X.
Available at: <https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jaber/article/view/16032>. Date accessed: 27 oct. 2025.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jaber.2025.6.2.16032.
Section
Articles
