The Role of OIC to Tackle Discrimination against Uighur Muslims by the Chinese Government in Xinjiang
Abstract
Abstract
The Uighur are a minority Muslim group living in Xinjiang, China. Muslim Uighurs are prohibited from performing religious rituals in mosques and praying by the Chinese government. Human rights violations committed against Uighur Muslims such as being prohibited in freedom of expression, barriers to education, and discrimination against Uighur still occur in Xinjiang, China. Therefore, this paper will analyze the efforts of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) as an organization that assists in resolving conflicts in Muslim countries and liberating Muslim rights to contribute to the prevention, management, and resolution of world conflicts that can make their efforts to free discrimination among Muslim Uighur. In this study the researcher using the theory of the role of international organizations from several experts. At the same time in this study using a qualitative method with a descriptive approach through books, journals, or news related to Uighur Muslim issues. The type of data collected also uses secondary data from several studies that have been conducted. The OIC has coordinated and dialogued with the Chinese government through a meeting of the OIC Secretariat General with the delegate of China to report the OIC's direct visit to Xinjiang but this has not freed Uighur Muslims.
Keywords: Discrimination, OIC, Uighur Muslim
References
Book & Journal
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Biddle, B. (1965). The Community Development Process: The Rediscovery. New York: Holt, Richard and Wilson.
Damayani, M. T. (2020). Sikap Lunak OKI terhadap China dan Isu Pelanggaran HAM Muslim Uighur. Analisis CSIS, 49(1), 1-15.
Dewantara, A., & Yamin, M. (2019). Analisis Peran Rusia sebagai Mediator dalam Penyelesaian Konflik Nagorno Karabakh Periode 2008-2016. Insignia Journal of International Relations, 6(1), 64-82.
Fathoni, M. (2017). Relevansi Maqasid Syariah Sebagai Pendekatan Baru Diplomasi Islam Dalam Penyelesaian Konflik Minoritas: Teori Dan Praktik. Insignia Journal of International Relations, 4(1), 36-52.
Hanif, A. (2014). Pakistan, OIC and The Challenges of Muslim. Journal History Studies, 27(1), 47-57.
Hasan, A. A. (2004). Conflict among Muslim Nations: Role of the OIC in Conlfict resolution. Intellectual Discourse, 12(2), 137-157.
Kasim, N. M, Towadi, M., & Bakung, D. A. (2020). The Organization of Islamic Cooperation Affects to China Through the Islamic Law Approach Addressing the Uighur Conflict: Is It Possible? Journal Faculty of Law, 23, 1-13.
Kaltman, B. (2007). Under the Heel of the Dragon: Islam, Racism, Crime, and the Uighur in China. Ohio, USA: Ohio University.
Laylia, S. N. (2018). Respon Turki Terhadap Pelanggaran HAM Minoritas Muslim Uighur yang Dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Tiongkok 2009-2010. Journal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) FISIP Universitas Riau, 5(1), 1-11.
Moleong, D. L. (2000). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Perwita, A. A. (2005). Pengantar Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya.
Purba, R. C. (2020). Upaya Tiongkok Dalam Mempertahankan Provinsi Xinjiang Ditengah Tekanan Internasional. Journal International Relations, 6(4), 578-588.
Rachman, M. A. (2019). Socializing the Islamic World and the International Society: Adoption of Muslim Minority Issues in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Afrasian Research Centre, 4(37), 1-22.
Rittberge, V., Kruck, A., Zangl, B., & Dijkstra, H. (2019). International Organization: Third Edition. London: Red Globe Press.
Rudy, T. M. (2009). Administrasi & Organisasi Internasional. Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Saragih, M. F. (2015). Tinjauan Yuridis Pelanggaran HAM Terhadap Muslim Uighur di China Ditinjau dari Hukum Humaniter. Sumatra Journal of International Law, 4(2), 1-28.
Sharqieh, I. (2012). Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Peace and Conflict Studies, 19(2), 219-236.
Sugito, S. (2016). Organisasi Internasional : Aktor dan Instrumen dalam Hubungan Internasional. Yogyakarta: Phinisi Press Yogyakarta.
Tristanty, Y. B. (2020). Hambatan Proses Advokasi Human Rights Watch (HRW) dalam Upaya Membongkar Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia terhadap Etnis Muslim Uighur Xinjiang Tahun 2016–2018. Mediasi: Journal of International Relation, 3(2), 1-15.
Article (Online)
Antara. (2021, June 14). "China Klaim Populasi Muslim Uighur di Xinjiang Naik 16,2 Persen sejak 2010." iNews. Accessed from https://www.inews.id/news/internasional/china-klaim-populasi-muslim-uighur-di-xinjiang-naik-162-persen-sejak-2010.
Annuar, A., Choong, J., & Jun, S. W. (2019, December 27). "In KL, hundreds of Muslims protest against China’s treatment of Uighurs." Malaymail. Accessed from https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/12/27/in-kl-hundreds-of-muslims-protest-against-chinas-treatment-of-uighurs/1822584.
Amindoni, A. (2019, December 19). "Muslim Uighur: Mengapa ormas Islam dan pemerintah Indonesia 'bungkam' atas dugaan pelanggaran HAM di Xinjiang?" BBC News Indonesia. Accessed from https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-50835364.
BBC News. (2019, November 24). Data leak reveals how China 'brainwashes' Uighurs in prison camps. Accessed from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50511063.
Bharadwaj, S. (2021, May 23). "Under pressure from China, Turkey, Pakistan deport Uyghur Muslims who have taken refuge escaping Chinese atrocities." Oplndia. Accessed from https://www.opindia.com/2021/05/china-uyghur-muslims-pakistan-egypt-turkey-refugees-sent-back/.
Chinoy, S. R. (2019, July 19). "OIC’s curious record on Xinjiang." The Hindu. Accessed from https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/oics-curious-record-on-xinjiang/article28563884.ece.
CNN Indonesia. (2019, February 5). "Pegiat Minta OKI Bertindak Soal Dugaan Penindasan Uighur." Accessed from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20190205000046-134-366513/pegiat-minta-oki-bertindak-soal-dugaan-penindasan-uighur.
Farooq, U. A. (2020, December 17). "OIC widely criticised for failing to condemn China's persecution of Uighurs." Middle East Eye. Accessed from https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/uighurs-china-oic-failing-condemn.
Hughes, R. (2018, December 18). "Muslim Uighur dan perlakuan Cina terhadap mereka, yang perlu Anda ketahui." BBC Indonesia. Accessed from https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-46601638.
OIC. (2019). "Resolutions on Muslim Communities and Muslim Minorities in The Non-OIC Member States." Accessed from https://www.oic-oci.org/.
Ramzy, C. B. (2019, December 09). "Facing Criticism Over Muslim Camps, China Says: What’s the Problem?" The New York Times. Accessed from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/09/world/asia/china-camps-muslims.html.
VOA News. (2021, March 29). "UN Human Rights Group ‘Deeply Concerned’ Over China’s Treatment of Uyghurs." Accessed from https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/un-human-rights-group-deeply-concerned-over-chinas-treatment-uyghurs.
Abuza, Z. (2016). Forging Peace in Southeast Asia, Insurgencies, Peace Processes, and Reconciliation. London: Rowman & Littlefield.
Biddle, B. (1965). The Community Development Process: The Rediscovery. New York: Holt, Richard and Wilson.
Damayani, M. T. (2020). Sikap Lunak OKI terhadap China dan Isu Pelanggaran HAM Muslim Uighur. Analisis CSIS, 49(1), 1-15.
Dewantara, A., & Yamin, M. (2019). Analisis Peran Rusia sebagai Mediator dalam Penyelesaian Konflik Nagorno Karabakh Periode 2008-2016. Insignia Journal of International Relations, 6(1), 64-82.
Fathoni, M. (2017). Relevansi Maqasid Syariah Sebagai Pendekatan Baru Diplomasi Islam Dalam Penyelesaian Konflik Minoritas: Teori Dan Praktik. Insignia Journal of International Relations, 4(1), 36-52.
Hanif, A. (2014). Pakistan, OIC and The Challenges of Muslim. Journal History Studies, 27(1), 47-57.
Hasan, A. A. (2004). Conflict among Muslim Nations: Role of the OIC in Conlfict resolution. Intellectual Discourse, 12(2), 137-157.
Kasim, N. M, Towadi, M., & Bakung, D. A. (2020). The Organization of Islamic Cooperation Affects to China Through the Islamic Law Approach Addressing the Uighur Conflict: Is It Possible? Journal Faculty of Law, 23, 1-13.
Kaltman, B. (2007). Under the Heel of the Dragon: Islam, Racism, Crime, and the Uighur in China. Ohio, USA: Ohio University.
Laylia, S. N. (2018). Respon Turki Terhadap Pelanggaran HAM Minoritas Muslim Uighur yang Dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Tiongkok 2009-2010. Journal Online Mahasiswa (JOM) FISIP Universitas Riau, 5(1), 1-11.
Moleong, D. L. (2000). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Perwita, A. A. (2005). Pengantar Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya.
Purba, R. C. (2020). Upaya Tiongkok Dalam Mempertahankan Provinsi Xinjiang Ditengah Tekanan Internasional. Journal International Relations, 6(4), 578-588.
Rachman, M. A. (2019). Socializing the Islamic World and the International Society: Adoption of Muslim Minority Issues in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Afrasian Research Centre, 4(37), 1-22.
Rittberge, V., Kruck, A., Zangl, B., & Dijkstra, H. (2019). International Organization: Third Edition. London: Red Globe Press.
Rudy, T. M. (2009). Administrasi & Organisasi Internasional. Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Saragih, M. F. (2015). Tinjauan Yuridis Pelanggaran HAM Terhadap Muslim Uighur di China Ditinjau dari Hukum Humaniter. Sumatra Journal of International Law, 4(2), 1-28.
Sharqieh, I. (2012). Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Peace and Conflict Studies, 19(2), 219-236.
Sugito, S. (2016). Organisasi Internasional : Aktor dan Instrumen dalam Hubungan Internasional. Yogyakarta: Phinisi Press Yogyakarta.
Tristanty, Y. B. (2020). Hambatan Proses Advokasi Human Rights Watch (HRW) dalam Upaya Membongkar Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia terhadap Etnis Muslim Uighur Xinjiang Tahun 2016–2018. Mediasi: Journal of International Relation, 3(2), 1-15.
Article (Online)
Antara. (2021, June 14). "China Klaim Populasi Muslim Uighur di Xinjiang Naik 16,2 Persen sejak 2010." iNews. Accessed from https://www.inews.id/news/internasional/china-klaim-populasi-muslim-uighur-di-xinjiang-naik-162-persen-sejak-2010.
Annuar, A., Choong, J., & Jun, S. W. (2019, December 27). "In KL, hundreds of Muslims protest against China’s treatment of Uighurs." Malaymail. Accessed from https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/12/27/in-kl-hundreds-of-muslims-protest-against-chinas-treatment-of-uighurs/1822584.
Amindoni, A. (2019, December 19). "Muslim Uighur: Mengapa ormas Islam dan pemerintah Indonesia 'bungkam' atas dugaan pelanggaran HAM di Xinjiang?" BBC News Indonesia. Accessed from https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-50835364.
BBC News. (2019, November 24). Data leak reveals how China 'brainwashes' Uighurs in prison camps. Accessed from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-50511063.
Bharadwaj, S. (2021, May 23). "Under pressure from China, Turkey, Pakistan deport Uyghur Muslims who have taken refuge escaping Chinese atrocities." Oplndia. Accessed from https://www.opindia.com/2021/05/china-uyghur-muslims-pakistan-egypt-turkey-refugees-sent-back/.
Chinoy, S. R. (2019, July 19). "OIC’s curious record on Xinjiang." The Hindu. Accessed from https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/oics-curious-record-on-xinjiang/article28563884.ece.
CNN Indonesia. (2019, February 5). "Pegiat Minta OKI Bertindak Soal Dugaan Penindasan Uighur." Accessed from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20190205000046-134-366513/pegiat-minta-oki-bertindak-soal-dugaan-penindasan-uighur.
Farooq, U. A. (2020, December 17). "OIC widely criticised for failing to condemn China's persecution of Uighurs." Middle East Eye. Accessed from https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/uighurs-china-oic-failing-condemn.
Hughes, R. (2018, December 18). "Muslim Uighur dan perlakuan Cina terhadap mereka, yang perlu Anda ketahui." BBC Indonesia. Accessed from https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-46601638.
OIC. (2019). "Resolutions on Muslim Communities and Muslim Minorities in The Non-OIC Member States." Accessed from https://www.oic-oci.org/.
Ramzy, C. B. (2019, December 09). "Facing Criticism Over Muslim Camps, China Says: What’s the Problem?" The New York Times. Accessed from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/09/world/asia/china-camps-muslims.html.
VOA News. (2021, March 29). "UN Human Rights Group ‘Deeply Concerned’ Over China’s Treatment of Uyghurs." Accessed from https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/un-human-rights-group-deeply-concerned-over-chinas-treatment-uyghurs.
Published
2021-10-06
How to Cite
DALILLAH, Nurul Indah.
The Role of OIC to Tackle Discrimination against Uighur Muslims by the Chinese Government in Xinjiang.
Insignia: Journal of International Relations, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 2, p. 117-131, oct. 2021.
ISSN 2597-9868.
Available at: <http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/insignia/article/view/4284>. Date accessed: 25 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2021.8.2.4284.
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