Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Cendawan Pathogen Daun Jagung Manis (Zea mays) Varietas Talenta menggunakan Metode Direct Plating Dan Moist Chamber di BBPP Ketindan, Jawa Timur
Abstract
Market demanding for corn increases with the years. The greatest request of all types of maize is the sweet corn (Zea mays) talenta variety. However, domestic productions arenot sufficient for this corn. This is due to problems such as corn disease which drastically derailed yields. This disease comes from the category of pathogenic fungi. This study aims to isolate and characterize fungal pathogens in sweet corn leaves (Zea mays) of talenta varieties taken from agricultural land, Ketindan Agricultural Training Center, East Java. This research is an experimental study using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The insulation method used direct plating and moist chamber. Characterization and identification based on macroscopic characters include: old colony shape, old colony color, old colony texture, young colony shape, young colony color, and young colony texture. Microscopic characters include hyphal wall, type of hyphae branching, presence or absence of septa, presence or absence of clamp connections, sporangium shape, sporangium color, spore shape, spore color. The results of the direct plating method obtained 5 species of pathogenic fungi, including: Helminthosporium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Peronosclerospora spp., Puccinia sp., And Trichometaspheria sp., While the moist chamber method obtained 2 species of pathogenic fungi, namely: Helminthosporium sp. and Rhizoctonia sp.
References
Aldrich,S.R., Scott, W.O., Leng, E.R. 2011. Modern Corn Production. USA: A&L Publication.
Asad, S., Ahmad, I., Iftikhar, S., Munir, A. 2009. Characterization of Bipolaris sorokiniana isolated from different agro-ecological zones of wheat production in Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot., 41(1):301-308.
Athipunyakom, P., Manoch, L. 2018. Isolation and identification of mycorrhizal fungi from eleven terrestrial orchids.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). 2011. Kota Bandar Lampung dalam Angka Tahun (berbagai tahun penerbitan). Lampung: BPS Kota Bandar Lampung.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). 2012. Data Strategis Badan Pusat Statistik. Katalog BPS: 1103003. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta.
CABI. 2014. Crop protection compendium. 2004 edition.
Carling, D.E., Pope, E.J., Brainard, K.A. Carter, D.A. 2010. Characterization of mycorrhizal isolates of Rhizoctonia solani from an orchid, including AG-12, a new anastomosis group. Phytopathology, 89: 942–946.
Defitri, Y. 2013. Identifikasi Jamur Patogen Penyebab Penyakit pada Tanaman Padi (Oriyza sativa) di Lubuk Ruso Kecamatan Pemayung Kabupaten Batanghari Jambi. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 13(4): 113-116
Grosch, R., Lottmann, J., Faltin, F., Berg, G. 2015. Use of bacterial antagonists to control diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Gesunde Pflanzen, 57:199-205.
Kranz J., Schmutterrer, H., Kock, W. 2010. Disease, Pest, and Weeds in Tropical Crops. Berlin: Paul Parey.
Morejon K.R., Moraes M.H.D., Bach E.E. 2016. Identification of Bipolaris bicolor and Bipolaris sorokiniana on wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum L.) in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. (37): 247-250.
Nabila, R.Y. 2015. Perkembangan Cendawan Helminthosporium sp. dan Curvularia sp. pada Tanaman Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.). Skripsi. Institut Pertanian Bogor
Ogliari, J.B., Guimarães, M.A., Geraldi, I.O., Camargo, L.E.A. 2015. New Resistance Genes in the Zea mays Exserohilum turcicum. Pathosystem Genet. Mol. Biol, 28(3).
Otero, J.T., Ackerman, J.D., Bayman, P. 2012. Diversity and host specificity of endophytic Rhizoctonia-like fungi from tropical orchids. American J. of Botany, 89: 1852–1858.
Semangun, H. 2010. Penyakit-penyakit tanaman tangan di Indonesia (Edisi kedua). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Sharma, R.C., Vasal, S.K., Gonzalez, F., Batsa, B.K., Singh, N.N. 2012. Redressal of banded leaf and sheath blight of maize through breeding, chemical and biocontrol agents. In G. Srinivasan, P.H. Zaidi, B.M. Prasanna, F. Gonzalez, and K. Lesnick (eds.), Proceedings of the 8th Asian Regional Maize Workshop: New Technologies for the New Millennium, Bangkok, Thailand: August 5-8, 2002. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. Pp. 391-97.
Shurtleff, M.C. 2010. Compendium of Corn Diseases 2nd Edition. America: The American Phytopatholological Society.
Soenartiningsih., Akil, M., Andayani, N.N. 2015. Cendawan Tular Tanah (Rhizoctonia solani) Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Pelepah pada Tanaman Jagung dan Sorgum dengan Komponen Pengendaliannya.
Sudjono, M.S. 2010. Mikroba antagonistic terhadap penyakit busuk pelepah dan busuk tongkol jagung oleh Rhizoctonia solani di lapangan. Prosiding Kongres Nasional X11 dan Seminar Ilmiah Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia. p.545-549.
Telle, S., Shivas, R.G., Ryley, M.J., Thines, M. 2011. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Peronosclerospora (Oomycetes) reveals cryptic species and genetically distinct species parasitic to maize. Eur. J. Plant Pathol, 130:521-528.
Yang, G.H., Conner, R.L., Chen, Y.Y., Chen, J.Y., Wang, Y.G. 2010. Frequency and pathogenicity distribution of Rhizoctonia spp. causing sheath blight on rice and banded leaf disease on maize in Yunan, China. Journal of Plant Pathology, 90(2):387-392.
