TECHNOLOGY OF E-GOVERNMENT ACCEPTANCE ANALYSIS ON ELECTRONIC RESIDENT IDENTIFICATION CARD (E-KTP) ADOPTION Oleh,

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of Technology Readiness Index (TRI) toward Technology Perceptions that will determine the Actual Usage of e-KTP adoption by taking of 50 people which is the all the population as the respondents. This study investigates the relationship between the personality dimensions of TRI (Technology Readiness Index) and the system specific dimensions of TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). Multiple regressions was used to test the relationship between the dimensions of TRI and TAM. The results show that Optimism influence perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Innovativeness and Discomfort influence perceived ease of use. Further, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use has a significant positive influence on actual usage.


INTRODUCTION
Technology revolutions have altered the perspective in performing various activities, and one of which is on the activities of government agencies.Therefore an agency requires an information system that supports the needs of government agencies in creating efficiency and effectiveness as well as in improving services to the public (Mulyo, 2011).
Based on Presidential Instruction No. 3 in 2003 structuring the management system and work processes within the government through e-government development is done by optimizing the utilization of information technology.According to Sathanand Patil et al, (2013), the government to e-government transition process offers governments an opportunity to increase not only their operational transparency, clarity of purpose and responsiveness to citizens, but also their own internal efficiency and effectiveness.
One attempt in the adoption of e-Government is the implementation of National Identity Card based on Population Identification Number or Nomor Induk Kependudukan (NIK), which is realized through the Electronic Identity Card or e-KTP as a replacement for conventional KTP that existed before.
In its implementation e-KTP card is proven to have limitations in terms of the unpreparedness of the public officer in receiving e-KTP program.Then the main goal of e-KTP which is to facilitate the public activities has not been reached.
The previous studies have measured the adoption of e-government services using technology acceptance theories and models, such as Fishbein & Ajzen in 1975 who formulated the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), In 1985 Fred Davis proposed the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (Ajzen, 1985), and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) (Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, & Davis, 2000).These studies have identified a number of factors that determine the adoption of ICT, such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and their influence toward actual usage.However, an inclusion of actual use in the integrated model has not yet been proposed.
Godoe & Johansen (2012) included technology readiness as an antecedent of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in TAM.Individual's personality influences the potential acceptance of technology in general.Esen & Erdoğmuş (2014), Walczuch et al., (2007), andGodoe &Johansen (2012) found technology readiness has indirectly affected actual usage of the system.

HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT Optimism
Individuals who are optimistic chose to use their time to do activities that enable them to achieve positive impacts, in which giving more effective result than those who are pessimistic.When dealing with new technology, optimism causes a person to think positively to the results obtained and to avoid concerns over the negative results that may arise from the use of new technologies (Walczuch et al, 2006).
People who are optimistic and innovative with reference to technology in general are thought to hold positive attitudes toward new technology and technology use.(Godoe & Johansen, 2012) Thereby optimism would make a person more easily experience the usefulness of new technologies and consider new technology is easy to use.H1: Optimism positively affects Perceived Usefulness of e-government system.

H2: Optimism positively affects Perceived
Ease of Use of e-government system.

Innovativeness
Lu , Yao, and Yu (2005) found that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are strong variables in willingness to adopt technology and innovativeness showing a direct effect on ease of use and usefulness.
Yi et al ( 2006) also reported that the early users who have a high level of innovation seems to understand the benefits of new technologies so as to feel confident about the results of the use of new technology and do not hesitate to communicate with others.

H3: Innovativeness positively affects
Perceived Usefulness of Egovernment system.

H4: Innovativeness positively affects
Perceived Ease of Use of Egovernment system.

Discomfort
Meuter et al. ( 2003) demonstrated that technology anxiety which similar with discomfort not only has a strong negative effect on adoption of Technologies, but it also has a negative effect on their experience of using Technologies.
According to Godoe & Johansen (2012), discomfort is not expected to have a negative impact on perceived usefulness.One would expect people to see the main value of a system, regardless of how they handle it.Still, discomfort is expected to affect perceived ease of use.H5: Discomfort negatively affects Perceived Ease of Use of Egovernment system.H6: Discomfort does not affect Perceived Usefulness of Egovernment system.

Insecurity
Feelings of insecurity related to technology are on the other hand associated with ambiguity and low usage (Parasuraman & Colby, 2001).A perceived lack of security is generally acknowledged to be important and to have contribution to the slow adoption of ecommerce (Hoffman et al., 1999).
Insecurity is also related to the expected benefits of an innovation, or its realization (Ram, 1987in Liljander et al, 2006).H7: Insecurity negatively affects Perceived Ease of Use of Egovernment system.H8: Insecurity negatively affects Perceived Usefulness of Egovernment system.

Perceived Ease of Use
Perceived Usefulness is defined as the prospective user's subjective probability using a specific technology will increase job performance, Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness will be positively related (Walczuch, 2007.)The positive and significant relationship between perceived ease of use and actual usage was proved by the studies of Davis ( 1989

H9: There is positive effect of Perceived
Ease of Use on Perceived Usefulness H10: There is positive effect of Perceived Ease of Use on Actual use
The positive and significant relationship between perceived usefulness and actual usage was proved by the studies of Davis (1989) and Rigopoulos & Askounis (2007).Therefore in e-Government technology adoption acceptance, this research tests the following hypothesis: H11: There is a positive effect of Perceived Usefulness on Actual use Based on the review the basic theory and research to formulate a framework in this study is as presented in the exhibit below: The population of this research is the authorized officers both in the Department of Population and Civil Registry in Tegal Regency as well as patent officers that are in each sub district which are around 50 officers in total.Sampling method employed in this study is Total Sampling.

QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN
The questionnaire has 7 sections and 51 questions to measure the actual usage of e government system on electronic resident identification card (e-KTP) in Tegal Regency.The validity testing used is corrected item total correlation.From

Easy of Use
Actual Use

Discomfort
Insecurity the validity test 3 items was found to be invalid and dropped out from the analysis.H4: Innovativeness positively affects Perceived Ease of Use of E-government system.Table 2 depicts that all instruments used in this study had a corresponding Cronbach alpha > 0.70.

MULTIPLE REGRESSIONS
Multiple regressions is not just one technique, but a family of techniques that can be used to explore the relationship between one continuous dependent variable and a number of independent variables or predictors (Khorasani & Zheyun, 2014).
This study tests the relationship between Optimism, Innovativeness, Discomfort, Insecurity, Perceived Usefulness as and Perceived Ease of Use on Actual Usage.

Multiple Regressions Model I
The first regression was run to determine the relationship between Optimism, Innovativeness, Discomfort, Insecurity and Perceived Ease of Use toward Perceived Usefulness.From the table above it is know that only Optimism and Perceived Ease of use that significantly affect Perceived Usefulness (p-value<0.05).Both optimism and perceived ease of use has positive effect it can be seen from the coefficients value which are positive.
The Adjusted R2 indicates that 54% of Perceived Usefulness was influenced by Optimism, Innovativeness, Discomfort, Insecurity, and Perceived Ease of Use and the other 46% was influenced by unknown variables that are not examined.The F value indicates that the model is fit (12.510 > 2.427).

Multiple Regressions Model II
The second regression was run to determine the relationship between Optimism, Innovativeness, Discomfort, and Insecurity toward Perceived Ease of Use.From the table above it is know that Optimism, Innovativeness and Discomfort have significant effect on Perceived Ease of Use (p-value<0.05).From the coefficient values Both optimism and Innovativeness have positive effect while Discomfort has negative effect.
The Adjusted R2 indicates that 49.3% of Perceived Ease of Use was influenced by Optimism, Innovativeness, Discomfort, Insecurity, and the other 50.7% was influenced by unknown variables that are not examined.The F value indicates that the model is fit (12.897 > 2.579).

Multiple Regressions Model III
The third regression was run to determine the relationship between Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use toward Actual Usage.From the table above it is know that both Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of have significant effect on Actual Usage (p-value<0.05).Both Perceived Usefulness and perceived ease of use has positive effect it can be seen from the coefficient values which are positive.
The Adjusted R2 indicates that 59.2% of Perceived Usefulness was influenced by Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of have and the other 40.8% was influenced by unknown variables that are not examined.The F value indicates that the model is fit (12.510 > 3195).

CONCLUSION
The result of this study shows which one is a main factor to influence the implementation to e-government in e-ktp system adoption.Furthermore, the government can find out the solutions to increases the effectiveness and efficiency of e-ktp system by paying attention on the employee readiness.
There factors that can influence the level of employee readiness to use e-ktp system are: 1. Optimism 2. Innovativeness 3. Discomfort 4. Perceived Ease of use 5. Perceived Usefulness This study found that perceived usefulness plays an important role to influence the actual usage of egovernment system specifically on e-ktp system adoption among the employee of Government can focus more to the perceived usefulness of e-ktp system to increase actual usage of e-ktp system.The second main factor is perceived ease of use.Therefore, the government has to focus to the perceived ease of use of e-ktp system so it's important to make the system as simple so the employee would not be confused.
And the factors that boost the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use is the level of technology readiness of the employee.Optimism plays an important role to influence perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use so the government can conduct training or workshop to encourage the employee to use e-government system.Other aspect like innovativeness and discomfort also influence perceived ease of use so the government can make a program to stimulate the employee to be more innovative not only about the egovernment system but the overall concept of technology so they can face their discomfort feeling toward technology.When an employee is ready to accept e-ktp system they can work more effectively and efficiently, thus would avoid mistake like the misprint of e-KTP (wrong name or date of birth) and can reduce the waste of e-KTP form.

Figure
Figure 1 : Research Model

Table 1 .
Questionnaires Source and Validity

Table 3 .
Result of multiple regressions I

Table 4 .
Result of multiple regressions II