Development of the Chop Instrument in Table Tennis

The purpose of this research is to make a chop meter for table tennis. This research method is research and development or Research and Development (R&D). The population and sample in this study were 20 PTM Pasir Pengaraian table tennis athletes. The research was carried out on February 13, 2023, by giving a questionnaire to 2 media experts and two material experts. The first test of Chop on March 5, 2023, and the second on March 7, 2023, tests the instrument's reliability. The Criteria Test uses the results of the jury's assessment in the form of an assessment matrix to be carried out on March 6, 2023, to find the validity of the test. This study involved the first and second test samples of 20 Pasir Pengaraian PTM athletes, using data collection methods with questionnaires and tests. The study results were obtained from material experts 87.70% and 94% (very appropriate) and media experts 91% and 89.80% (decent)—validity 0.91 and reliability 0.87, indicating validity and reliability based on the Kirkendall category.


INTRODUCTION
Sport is a physical activity that can make a person physically and mentally healthy, ultimately forming a quality human being.Table tennis is a very fast ball game, so to practice and compete in it, we should know what the sport of table tennis has and the factors that determine its success.Sports are one of the movement activities that humans always do, such as walking, running, jumping, and throwing (Almanar et al., 2018).The current development of sports in Indonesia is very rapid.Moreover, the Ministry of Youth and Sports has developed a method to prepare advanced sports in Indonesia, namely, making a grand design for national sports, which has been drawn up directly by the Minister of Youth and Sports.This grand design was created with the short-term goal of preparing Indonesia for the 2032 Olympics.https://doi.org/10.20884/1.paju.2023.5.1.9697e-ISSN: 2686-5807 | p-ISSN: 2686-5793 Indonesia is a candidate to host the Olympics; the Ministry of Youth and Sports conveyed this on March 24, 2021.In addition, sport is a periodic necessity in life.(Khairi, Zainur, Hidayat, & Aulia, 2022) .A person can achieve achievements and improve physical and spiritual fitness with sport.Sports itself consists of various sports, including team and individual sports.One of the sports that are popular with the public is table tennis or "ping pong." Table tennis is a net sport that is quite popular (Annisa et al., 2022)., 2016).
Table tennis is an achievement sport that is very popular with the public and is often competed in at various events, both at regional, national, and international levels.Chop is a technique of hitting the ball with a movement, such as chopping a tree with an ax, also known as a chopping movement (Irawan et al., 2021).Chop forehand is a defensive technique or style of play, which is true if the player or athlete likes typical defense, but it is very important to be able to do the chop forehand.(Kurniawan Farid, Safari Indra, 2015) .Backhand Chop is a technique that positions the bet open or the front side tilts upwards (Yulianto, 2015).
Currently, there are very few measuring instruments for Score Size: 1.For a score of 5, the box size from the edge of the net is 5 cm.
2. For a score of 4, the box size from the edge of the score line 5 is 5 cm 3.For a score of 3, the box size from the edge of line 4 is 5 cm 4. For score 2, the box size from the edge of line 3 is 5 cm 5.For a score of 1, the box size is from the edge of line 2, namely to the back edge of the table tennis court. Implementation: 1.The testee stands behind the table 2. When the whistle sounds, the feeder gives the ball to the testee.The data analysis technique in this research uses the product moment correlation formula (Effendi et al., 2018).

Formula
Information: SH: Score Count SK: Criterion Score

Expert Validation
The validation results from the first material expert show that the chop instrument in  The type of shot is the action adopted by a player when hitting the ball, which is divided into six types, namely, topspin, flip, chop, chopping short, block, etc. (Zhang et al., 2010;Malagoli Lanzoni et al., 2013, 2014;Wang J., 2019) in (Wang et al., 2022).The chop is a control shot with a downward spin, resulting in a long put.A short chop is like a chop with a downward spin, but the placement is short (Wang, 2019).
Analysis of stroke types (or defense) is more difficult for players with stroke types (also called defense) to achieve better results in table tennis than players.Some players who play chop stand out in their usual activities.Among the world's players in the chopping style are Joo Se-Hyuk from South Korea, Ma Te and Wang Yang from China.Relevant research shows that players chop players have two main features, one of which is that attacking has become an important technique for chop players to win points (Zhang et al., 2018).So-called chop-blockers standing slightly closer to the table and not using longrange backhand strokes are categorized as defensive in this study (Gunter Straub, 2014).

CONCLUSION
The research "Development of Chop Instruments in Table tennis is a sport that has no age limits.Table tennis or "ping pong" is a sports game that uses bets as a tool in which two people play for singles and two pairs for doubles players, both men's, women's, and mixed doubles, which is played on a table as a field which is bordered by a (Andriani & Widodo, 2019)019).Besides table tennis, it can be played for recreational purposes and achievement (Paksi

Table tennis
is a sport that increases the level of concentration, reaction speed, and coordination of arm and body muscles.When making a movement or playing table tennis, always coordinate between the arm muscles and the eyes, which need to be seen.The ball came quickly, and we had to return it quickly.
Table tennis also provides many other benefits: Among these techniques are stroke techniques such as serve, smash, drive, flick, block, and chop.The hitting technique is one of the basic techniques in table tennis, https://doi.org/10.20884/1.paju.2023.5.1.9697e-ISSN: 2686-5807 | p-ISSN: 2686-5793 in addition to other basic techniques that must be mastered by table tennis players ( Budiman, 2017).Table tennis is a game that has many variations of strokes (Ewan Irawan, 2019).One of the dominant techniques used in table tennis is chopping.
testee carries out this test with 15 chop strokes (15 balls) directed Assessment: Calculate the score obtained by the testee when he has completed 15 chop strokesThe data collection method used in this research consisted of questionnaires and measurement tests.Questionnaires were given to experts in the field and media experts to validate whether the table tennis chop test instrument was appropriate in terms of content.Meanwhile, the test was carried out to collect data to determine the validity and reliability of the table tennis test instrument.Test reliability can be obtained by correlating the first test's results with the second.Apart from that, determining the instrument's validity can be done by correlating the results of the first test with the results of the criterion test.The criteria test referred to here is a test that evaluates the jury's field assessment using a matrix.

Table 1 .
table tennis obtained a score of 87.70% of the maximum score, so it can be concluded that the instrument is feasible."Meanwhile,the validation results from the second material expert show that the chop instrument in table tennis obtained a score of 94% of the maximum score, so it can be concluded that the instrument is very feasible."Inthe first specialist media approval stage, the percentage obtained is 91% of the highest score.It can be said that according to this media expert, table tennis boxing equipment, in terms of content approval, gets the "Strongly Approved" category.At the time of approval of the first specialist media, the percentage obtained was 89.80%, the highest score.It can be said that according to this media expert, table tennis equipment, in terms According to the received data, the support of the received device is 0.91.Therefore, the rotation of table tennis equipment is declared effective based on the number of Kirkendall moments, which shows 0.91, which is "very high."The reliability of the test was tested in this study by comparing the results of the first test with the results of the second test.Based on the results of the data above, the reliability of this test is 0.87.Therefore, table tennis test kits can be trusted based on Kirkendall's number of 0.87, which means "High" Chop Test Norms in Table Tennis.Table Tennis Chop Test Norms In the beginning, the development of the chop instrument in table tennis was designed and produced to measure the chop ability of table tennis athletes.The development process through research and development procedures.Through specific planning, production, and evaluation.This instrument was compiled by various parties who supported the development of this chop instrument in table tennis.This early instrument received many suggestions from coaches, material, and media experts.After experts have validated this instrument, retests are carried out to determine the reliability and validity of this test, especially by correlating the results of the first test with the results of the criterion Development of Chop Instruments in Table Tennis Sports " in terms of content verification are included in the " Very Eligible " section.Trainers and athletes feel happy and excited by https://doi.org/10.20884/1.paju.2023.5.1.9697e-ISSN: 2686-5807 | p-ISSN: 2686-5793 of content support, reaches the "Good" category.https://doi.org/10.20884/1.paju.2023.5.1.9697e-ISSN: 2686-5807 | p-ISSN: 2686-5793 2. Chop Instrument Validity and Reliability This test was carried out in this study by collecting the first test and the criterion test.

table tennis '
s chop tool, which can be widely used as a measuring tool for assessing chop strokes in table tennis.There are advantages to this product, including the need for equipment that is easily accessible, and weaknesses of this product include the wide area Table Tennis" results are classified as effective and reliable as a measuring instrument for chop tests in table tennis.It can be noticed from the learning results with the test of 0.91 and test reliability of 0.87, as well as the chop and table tennis tools being effective and reliable based on the Kirkendall number.Although in terms of content validity, the first subject obtained a score of 87.70 and the second subject 94%, this shows that as a subject, this test instrument is " Very Eligible."Among media experts, the first 91% and experts the second media 89.90%; this shows that in terms of content, according to media experts, the test tool is " Very L worth it."Education and Sport), 4 (2), 26-36.https://doi.org/10.31949/respecs.v4i2.2395Kurniawan Farid, Safari Indra, AY (2015).Comparison Exercise Using the Spin Wheel and Multiball Against Improvement Table Tennis Forehand Chops.ProgramastudioPGSD0EducationjPhysical U.P.I.Sumedang Jl.Mayor Abdurachman No. 211 Sumedang , pp. 11-20.Paksi, Ti.B. (2016).The Relationship Between Forehand Shot Ability and Reaction Speed on Table Tennis Playing Ability at Muhammadiyah 1 Vocational School Prambanan (Vol.15).Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/196255896.pdf https://doi.org/10.20884/1.paju.2023.5.1.9697e-ISSN: 2686-5807 | p-ISSN: 2686-5793