Profil Pasien Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) Pasca Kraniotomi di ICU RSUD Prof.Dr.Margono Soekarjo
Abstract
Kraniotomi adalah tindakan yang banyak dilakukan di RSUD Prof.DR.Margono Soekarjo (RSMS) dan rentan terkena infeksi nosokomial, salah satunya adalah Hospital-Aqcuired Pneumonia (HAP). Berdasarkan HAP dibagi menjadi dua : pertama HAP karena penggunaan ventilator 48 jam, kedua HAP karena masa rawatan di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan profil HAP pasien pasca kraniotomi di ICU RSUP.Prof.Dr.Margono. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif retrospektif dengan metode non probability sampling. Sampel adalah pasien berusia diatas 18 tahun yang mengalami pneumonia pasca kraniotomi. Data diambil dari ruang IBS,IGD,ICU dan rekam medik RSMS. Hasil insidensi HAP pasca kraniotomi sebesar17%, angka kematian 39%, dengan usia terbanyak diperoleh 51-65 thn (41%), jenis kelamin laki-laki 61%, oprasi emergensi (61%), karna trauma(48%), dengan lama oprasi 2-4 jam(76%), preop GCS <9 (50%), perokok(33%), penyakit paru/trauma paru (13%), diabetes mellitus(9% ),peny jantung (17%), penggunaan ventilator 48 jam 43%, dan kadar albumin <2,5 g/dl (70%). Kuman hasil kultur adalah serretia mercescens (35%). Simpulan: Pasien HAP pasca kraniotomi di ICU RSMS banyak terjadi pada pasien usia 51-65 tahun, laki-laki, menjalani oprasi emergensi dengan penyebab trauma, preoperasi GCS <9, lama oprasi 2-4 jam, memiliki komorbiditas merokok atau diabetes melitus atau penyakit jantung, lama rawatan sebelum HAP > 7 hari, kadar albumin < 2,5 g/dl dengan perkiraan kuman terbanyak adalah serretia mercescens. peny jantung (17%), penggunaan ventilator 48 jam 43%, dan kadar albumin <2,5 g/dl (70%). Kuman hasil kultur adalah serretia mercescens (35%). Simpulan: Pasien HAP pasca kraniotomi di ICU RSMS banyak terjadi pada pasien usia 51-65 tahun, laki-laki, menjalani oprasi emergensi dengan penyebab trauma, preoperasi GCS <9, lama oprasi 2-4 jam, memiliki komorbiditas merokok atau diabetes melitus atau penyakit jantung, lama rawatan sebelum HAP > 7 hari, kadar albumin < 2,5 g/dl dengan perkiraan kuman terbanyak adalah serretia mercescens. peny jantung (17%), penggunaan ventilator 48 jam 43%, dan kadar albumin <2,5 g/dl (70%). Kuman hasil kultur adalah serretia mercescens (35%). Simpulan: Pasien HAP pasca kraniotomi di ICU RSMS banyak terjadi pada pasien usia 51-65 tahun, laki-laki, menjalani oprasi emergensi dengan penyebab trauma, preoperasi GCS <9, lama oprasi 2-4 jam, memiliki komorbiditas merokok atau diabetes melitus atau penyakit jantung, lama rawatan sebelum HAP > 7 hari, kadar albumin < 2,5 g/dl dengan perkiraan kuman terbanyak adalah serretia mercescens.
Kata kunci : kraniotomi, HAP,VAP
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