Effectiveness of Giving Herbal Oil on Pressure Ulcers Management in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients: Systematic Review
Abstract
Background: Intensive Care Unit is a unit to treat critical patients who need intensive care and monitoring. This can pose many risks, one of which is getting pressure ulcers/decubitus ulcers. Pressure ulcers are wounds caused by continuous compression of soft tissue. Prevention of pressure ulcers can be done by treating the patient's skin using herbal oil. Purpose: To identify the effectiveness of giving herbal oil on the treatment of pressure ulcers in ICU patients.
Methods: The literature search was carried out using the PICO framework. This systematic review is limited to articles published in 2011-2021. The databases used are Google Scholar, PubMed, Sage Journal, Science Direct, and ProQuest with the keywords (oil OR herbal oil) AND (decubitus OR pressure ulcers OR bedsores) AND (critical patient). The selection of articles follows the PRISMA flow. Assessment of article quality was carried out by supervisors and authors using the risk of bias from The Cochrane's Collaboration.
Results: Based on the seven articles reviewed, five recommended oils were obtained, including olive oil, Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), fish oil, almond oil and henna oil. The oil is applied by three methods, including by smearing without massage, smearing with massage and dressing. The instruments used are the Braden Scale, Suriadi Sanada Scale, Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH), International NPUAP/EPUAP Pressure Ulcer Classification System, micro life NC100 infrared thermometer and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).
Conclusion: Herbal oil can be applied by various methods as a complementary therapy to prevent and treat pressure ulcers in patients in the ICU.
References
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Borzou, S.R., Amiri, S., Azizi, A., Tapak, L., Rahimi Bashar, F. & Moradkhani, S. 2020, ‘Topical Almond Oil for Prevention of Pressure Injuries: A Single-Blinded Comparison Study’, Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 336–42.
Cox, J. & Roche, S. 2015, ‘Vasopressors and development of pressure ulcers in adult critical care patients’, American Journal of Critical Care, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 501–10.
Darmareja, R., Kosasih, C.E. & Priambodo, A.P. 2020, ‘The Effect Of Effleurage Massage Using Virgin Coconut Oil On The Risk Level Of Pressure Ulcers In Intensive Care Unit Patients’, Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 182–91.
Elahi, N., Mojdeh, S. & Poordad, A. 2012, ‘The effect of fish oil on improvement of first stage bed sore.’, Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 313–7.
Gardner, S.E., Hillis, S.L. & Frantz, R.A. 2011, ‘A prospective study of the PUSH tool in diabetic foot ulcers’, Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 385–93.
Ghanbari, R., Anwar, F., Alkharfy, K.M., Gilani, A.H. & Saari, N. 2012, Valuable nutrients and functional bioactives in different parts of olive (Olea europaea L.)-A review, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 13.
Hekmatpou, D., Ahmadian, F., Eghbali, M. & Farsaei, S. 2018, ‘Henna (Lawsonia inermis) as an Inexpensive Method to Prevent Decubitus Ulcers in Critical Care Units: A Randomized Clinical Trial’, Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, vol. 23, pp. 1–9.
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Karimi, Z., Mousavizadeh, A., Rafiei, H., Abdi, N., Behnammoghadam, M., Khastavaneh, M. & Shahini, S. 2020, ‘The effect of using olive oil and fish oil prophylactic dressings on heel pressure injury development in critically ill patients’, Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, vol. 13, pp. 59–65.
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Lin, T.K., Zhong, L. & Santiago, J.L. 2018, ‘Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 19, no. 1.
Lucida, H., Salman & Hervian, M.S. 2008, ‘Uji Daya Peningkat Penetrasi Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) dalam Basis Krim’, Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 23–30.
Madadi, Z., Zeighami, R., Azimian, J. & Javadi, A. 2015, ‘The effect of topical olive oil on prevention of bedsore in intensive care units patients’, International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 2342–7.
Mikaili, P., Shayegh, J., Sarahroodi, S. & Sharifi, M. 2012, ‘Pharmacological properties of herbal oil extracts used in Iranian traditional medicine’, Advances in Environmental Biology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 153–8.
Miraj, S., Pourafzali, S., Ahmadabadi, Z.V. & Rafiei, Z. 2020, ‘Effect of Olive Oil in Preventing the Development of Pressure Ulcer Grade One in Intensive Care Unit Patients’, International Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 11, no. 23, pp. 1–5.
Mufarika 2012, ‘Validitas Prediksi Skala Braden dan Suriadi Sanada Dalam Menentukan Risiko Kejadian Luka Tekan Pada Pasien Kritis Di Neurosurgical Critical Care Unit (NCCU) RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung’, Universitas Padjajaran.
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Payvar, B., Abbaszade, A., Esteki, T., Talebighane, E. & Safavibayat, Z. 2016, ‘Nutritional status and associated factors in elderly hospitalized in cardiac care unit’, Journal Geriatric Nursing, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 49--52.
Perangin-angin, I.H. 2013, ‘Pengaruh Aplikasi Modern Dressing terhadap Kepuasan Pasien dalam Perawatan Luka di Klinik Perawatan Luka Mandiri’, Jurnal Riset Keperawatan Indonesia, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 138–42.
Pokorná, A., Klugar, M., Kelnarová, Z. & Klugarová, J. 2019, ‘Effectiveness and Safety of Patientcentred Care Compared to Usual Care for Patients with Pressure Ulcers in Inpatient Facilities: A Rapid Review’, Journal of the European Wound Management Association, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 61–9.
Poursadra, E., Anvari-Tafti, M., Dehghani, A., Eghbali-Babadi, M. & Rafiei, Z. 2019, ‘Comparing the Effect of Henna Oil and Olive Oil on Pressure Ulcer Grade One in Intensive Care Units Patients’, Advanced Biomedical Research, vol. 8, no. 68, pp. 1–6.
Rafiei, Z., Mazaheri, M., Eghbali-Babadi, M. & Yazdannik, A. 2019, ‘The Effect of Henna (Lawsonia Inermis) on Preventing the Development of Pressure Ulcer Grade One in Intensive Care Unit Patients’, International Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 10, no. 26, pp. 1–5.
Safdari, A., Abolfathi, A., Hekmatpou, D. & Mehrabi, F. 2021, ‘Using complementary and alternative medicines to prevent and treat pressure ulcers: a systematic review’, Traditional Medicine Research, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 48–59.
Sari, E.D., Suriadi & Herman 2018, ‘Pengaruh Pemberian Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) pada Area Tertekan Untuk Mencegah Luka Tekan pada Pasien Tirah Baring’, Jurnal ProNers, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–15.
Setiani, D. 2014, ‘Efektif Massage dengan Virgin Coconut Oil Terhadap Pencegahan Luka Tekan di Intensive Care Unit’, Jurnal Husada Mahakam, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 389–442.
Sihombing, E.R., Yuniarlina, R. & Supardi, S. 2016, ‘The Effectiveness of Back Massage Using Virgin Coconut Oiland White Petroleum Jelly to Prevent Pressure Sores’, Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1–9.
Stotts, N.A., Rodeheaver, G.T., Thomas, D.R., Frantz, R.A., Bartolucci, A.A., Sussman, C., Ferrell, B.A., Cuddigan, J. & Maklebust, J. 2001, ‘An instrument to measure healing in pressure ulcers: Development and validation of the pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH)’, Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 795–9.
Syapitri, H., Siregar, L.M. & Ginting, D. 2017, ‘Metode Pencegahan Luka Decubitus Pada Pasien Bedrest Total Melalui Perawatan Kulit’, Idea Nursing Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 15–22.
Tanasale, M.L.P. 2012, ‘Aplikasi Starter Ragi Tape Terhadap Rendemen Dan Mutu Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)’, Jurnal Ekosains, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 47–52.
Tayyib, N., Coyer, F. & Lewis, P. 2013, ‘Pressure Ulcer in the Adult Intensive Care Unit: A Literature Review of Patient Risk Factors and Risk Assessment Scales’, Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, vol. 3, no. 1.
The Australian Wound Management Association 2012, Pan Pacific Clinical Practice Guideline for the Prevention and Management of Pressure Injury, Wound Practice & Research: Journal of the Australian Wound Management Association, Cambridge Media, Osborn Park.
Thomas, D., Rodeheaver, G., Bartolucci, A., Franz, R., Sussman, C., Ferrell, B., Cuddigan, J., Stotts, N. & Maklebust, J. 1997, ‘Pressure ulcer scale for healing: derivation and validation of the PUSH tool. The PUSH Task Force’, Advances in Wound Care, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 96–101.
Towfik, A.I., Munahi, A.K. & Hamza, A.-S.S. 2015, ‘The effect of Henna ( Lawsonia inermis ) on the wound healing of Local Arabian Horses’, Journal of Kerbala University, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 78–91.
Varaei, S., Shirbeigi, L., Farahani, L. & Hassanabadi, Z.E. 2019, ‘Comparison the Effects of Massage with Olive Oil and Sweet Almonds Oil on Prevention of Pressure Ulcer in Hospitalized Patients in ICU’, Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 352–60.
Whitty, J.A., Mcinnes, E., Bucknall, T., Webster, J., Gillespie, B.M., Banks, M., Thalib, L., Wallis, M., Cumsille, J., Roberts, S. & Chaboyer, W. 2017, ‘The cost-e ff ectiveness of a patient centred pressure ulcer prevention care bundle : Findings from the INTACT cluster randomised trial’, International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 75, pp. 35–42
Becker, D., Tozo, T.C., Batista, S.S., Mattos, A.L., Silva, M.C.B., Rigon, S., Laynes, R.L., Salomão, E.C., Hubner, K.D.G., Sorbara, S.G.B. & Duarte, P.A.D. 2017, ‘Pressure ulcers in ICU patients: Incidence and clinical and epidemiological features: A multicenter study in southern Brazil’, Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, vol. 42, pp. 55–61.
Bergstrom, N. & Braden, B. 1987, ‘A Conceptual Schema for the Study of the Etiology of Pressure Sores’, Rehabilitation Nursing, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 8–16.
Bergstrom, N., Demuth, P. & Braden, B. 1987, ‘A clinical trial of the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk’, Nursing Clinics of North America, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 417–28.
Borzou, S.R., Amiri, S., Azizi, A., Tapak, L., Rahimi Bashar, F. & Moradkhani, S. 2020, ‘Topical Almond Oil for Prevention of Pressure Injuries: A Single-Blinded Comparison Study’, Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 336–42.
Cox, J. & Roche, S. 2015, ‘Vasopressors and development of pressure ulcers in adult critical care patients’, American Journal of Critical Care, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 501–10.
Darmareja, R., Kosasih, C.E. & Priambodo, A.P. 2020, ‘The Effect Of Effleurage Massage Using Virgin Coconut Oil On The Risk Level Of Pressure Ulcers In Intensive Care Unit Patients’, Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 182–91.
Elahi, N., Mojdeh, S. & Poordad, A. 2012, ‘The effect of fish oil on improvement of first stage bed sore.’, Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 313–7.
Gardner, S.E., Hillis, S.L. & Frantz, R.A. 2011, ‘A prospective study of the PUSH tool in diabetic foot ulcers’, Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 385–93.
Ghanbari, R., Anwar, F., Alkharfy, K.M., Gilani, A.H. & Saari, N. 2012, Valuable nutrients and functional bioactives in different parts of olive (Olea europaea L.)-A review, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 13.
Hekmatpou, D., Ahmadian, F., Eghbali, M. & Farsaei, S. 2018, ‘Henna (Lawsonia inermis) as an Inexpensive Method to Prevent Decubitus Ulcers in Critical Care Units: A Randomized Clinical Trial’, Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, vol. 23, pp. 1–9.
Higgins, J.P.T., Altman, D.G., Gøtzsche, P.C., Jüni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A.D., Savović, J., Schulz, K.F., Weeks, L. & Sterne, J.A.C. 2011, ‘The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials’, BMJ (Online), vol. 343, pp. 1–9.
Karimi, Z., Mousavizadeh, A., Rafiei, H., Abdi, N., Behnammoghadam, M., Khastavaneh, M. & Shahini, S. 2020, ‘The effect of using olive oil and fish oil prophylactic dressings on heel pressure injury development in critically ill patients’, Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, vol. 13, pp. 59–65.
Kasaee, M. & Rashidy-Pour, A. 2000, ‘The Effect of Local Fish Oil on Post Burn Edema in Rats’, Journal of Semnan University of Medical Sciences, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 59–66.
Kemenkes 2010, Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Intensive Care Unit (ICU) di Rumah Sakit, Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Jakarta.
Kozier, B., Erb, G., Berman, A. & Snyder, S.. 2011, Buku ajar fundamental keperawatan: Konsep, Proses dan praktik (7th ed.), EGC.
Laily, E.I., Saragih, N.P. & Sirait, L.L. 2019, ‘Pengaruh Penggunaan Extra Virgin Olive Oil Pencegahan Luka Tekan pada Pasien Berisiko dengan Skala Braden’, Coping: Community of Publishing in Nursing; Vol 7 No 3 (2019): Desember 2019, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 153–8.
Lin, T.K., Zhong, L. & Santiago, J.L. 2018, ‘Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 19, no. 1.
Lucida, H., Salman & Hervian, M.S. 2008, ‘Uji Daya Peningkat Penetrasi Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) dalam Basis Krim’, Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Farmasi, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 23–30.
Madadi, Z., Zeighami, R., Azimian, J. & Javadi, A. 2015, ‘The effect of topical olive oil on prevention of bedsore in intensive care units patients’, International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 2342–7.
Mikaili, P., Shayegh, J., Sarahroodi, S. & Sharifi, M. 2012, ‘Pharmacological properties of herbal oil extracts used in Iranian traditional medicine’, Advances in Environmental Biology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 153–8.
Miraj, S., Pourafzali, S., Ahmadabadi, Z.V. & Rafiei, Z. 2020, ‘Effect of Olive Oil in Preventing the Development of Pressure Ulcer Grade One in Intensive Care Unit Patients’, International Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 11, no. 23, pp. 1–5.
Mufarika 2012, ‘Validitas Prediksi Skala Braden dan Suriadi Sanada Dalam Menentukan Risiko Kejadian Luka Tekan Pada Pasien Kritis Di Neurosurgical Critical Care Unit (NCCU) RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung’, Universitas Padjajaran.
National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance 2014, Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers : Quick Reference Guide, Clinical Practice Guideline, Cambridge Media, Osborn Park.
NPUAP 2009, Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcer: Quick Reference Guide. First edition 2009, National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, USA.
Payvar, B., Abbaszade, A., Esteki, T., Talebighane, E. & Safavibayat, Z. 2016, ‘Nutritional status and associated factors in elderly hospitalized in cardiac care unit’, Journal Geriatric Nursing, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 49--52.
Perangin-angin, I.H. 2013, ‘Pengaruh Aplikasi Modern Dressing terhadap Kepuasan Pasien dalam Perawatan Luka di Klinik Perawatan Luka Mandiri’, Jurnal Riset Keperawatan Indonesia, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 138–42.
Pokorná, A., Klugar, M., Kelnarová, Z. & Klugarová, J. 2019, ‘Effectiveness and Safety of Patientcentred Care Compared to Usual Care for Patients with Pressure Ulcers in Inpatient Facilities: A Rapid Review’, Journal of the European Wound Management Association, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 61–9.
Poursadra, E., Anvari-Tafti, M., Dehghani, A., Eghbali-Babadi, M. & Rafiei, Z. 2019, ‘Comparing the Effect of Henna Oil and Olive Oil on Pressure Ulcer Grade One in Intensive Care Units Patients’, Advanced Biomedical Research, vol. 8, no. 68, pp. 1–6.
Rafiei, Z., Mazaheri, M., Eghbali-Babadi, M. & Yazdannik, A. 2019, ‘The Effect of Henna (Lawsonia Inermis) on Preventing the Development of Pressure Ulcer Grade One in Intensive Care Unit Patients’, International Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 10, no. 26, pp. 1–5.
Safdari, A., Abolfathi, A., Hekmatpou, D. & Mehrabi, F. 2021, ‘Using complementary and alternative medicines to prevent and treat pressure ulcers: a systematic review’, Traditional Medicine Research, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 48–59.
Sari, E.D., Suriadi & Herman 2018, ‘Pengaruh Pemberian Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) pada Area Tertekan Untuk Mencegah Luka Tekan pada Pasien Tirah Baring’, Jurnal ProNers, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–15.
Setiani, D. 2014, ‘Efektif Massage dengan Virgin Coconut Oil Terhadap Pencegahan Luka Tekan di Intensive Care Unit’, Jurnal Husada Mahakam, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 389–442.
Sihombing, E.R., Yuniarlina, R. & Supardi, S. 2016, ‘The Effectiveness of Back Massage Using Virgin Coconut Oiland White Petroleum Jelly to Prevent Pressure Sores’, Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1–9.
Stotts, N.A., Rodeheaver, G.T., Thomas, D.R., Frantz, R.A., Bartolucci, A.A., Sussman, C., Ferrell, B.A., Cuddigan, J. & Maklebust, J. 2001, ‘An instrument to measure healing in pressure ulcers: Development and validation of the pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH)’, Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 795–9.
Syapitri, H., Siregar, L.M. & Ginting, D. 2017, ‘Metode Pencegahan Luka Decubitus Pada Pasien Bedrest Total Melalui Perawatan Kulit’, Idea Nursing Journal, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 15–22.
Tanasale, M.L.P. 2012, ‘Aplikasi Starter Ragi Tape Terhadap Rendemen Dan Mutu Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO)’, Jurnal Ekosains, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 47–52.
Tayyib, N., Coyer, F. & Lewis, P. 2013, ‘Pressure Ulcer in the Adult Intensive Care Unit: A Literature Review of Patient Risk Factors and Risk Assessment Scales’, Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, vol. 3, no. 1.
The Australian Wound Management Association 2012, Pan Pacific Clinical Practice Guideline for the Prevention and Management of Pressure Injury, Wound Practice & Research: Journal of the Australian Wound Management Association, Cambridge Media, Osborn Park.
Thomas, D., Rodeheaver, G., Bartolucci, A., Franz, R., Sussman, C., Ferrell, B., Cuddigan, J., Stotts, N. & Maklebust, J. 1997, ‘Pressure ulcer scale for healing: derivation and validation of the PUSH tool. The PUSH Task Force’, Advances in Wound Care, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 96–101.
Towfik, A.I., Munahi, A.K. & Hamza, A.-S.S. 2015, ‘The effect of Henna ( Lawsonia inermis ) on the wound healing of Local Arabian Horses’, Journal of Kerbala University, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 78–91.
Varaei, S., Shirbeigi, L., Farahani, L. & Hassanabadi, Z.E. 2019, ‘Comparison the Effects of Massage with Olive Oil and Sweet Almonds Oil on Prevention of Pressure Ulcer in Hospitalized Patients in ICU’, Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 352–60.
Whitty, J.A., Mcinnes, E., Bucknall, T., Webster, J., Gillespie, B.M., Banks, M., Thalib, L., Wallis, M., Cumsille, J., Roberts, S. & Chaboyer, W. 2017, ‘The cost-e ff ectiveness of a patient centred pressure ulcer prevention care bundle : Findings from the INTACT cluster randomised trial’, International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 75, pp. 35–42
Published
2023-02-12
How to Cite
SUCIATI, Nonah; PURNAWAN, Iwan; KAMALUDDIN, Ridlwan.
Effectiveness of Giving Herbal Oil on Pressure Ulcers Management in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients: Systematic Review.
International Journal of Biomedical Nursing Review, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 1, p. 89-100, feb. 2023.
ISSN 2962-4703.
Available at: <http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/ijbnr/article/view/8101>. Date accessed: 16 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ijbnr.2022.1.2.8101.
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Kampus keperawatan unsoed 
